The major soil animal groups, enchytraeid worms and oribatid mites, were compared in the abundance and diversity between conventional fields (CT) and organic farming fields with tillage (OT) or no-tillage (ON) practic...The major soil animal groups, enchytraeid worms and oribatid mites, were compared in the abundance and diversity between conventional fields (CT) and organic farming fields with tillage (OT) or no-tillage (ON) practices. The values of abundance, species richness, diversity and evenness were significantly larger in OT and ON than in CT, indicating that the abundance and diversity in organic farming fields were greater than those in conventional farming. The community structure of enchytraeid genera was different between OT and ON. Enchytraeus was the most abundant in OT, while Fridericia in ON. The abundance of oribatids in OT was similar to that in ON, while the species richness and diversity in the former were smaller. These results suggested that no-tillage practice under organic management might contribute to the improvement in quality of soil mesofauna.展开更多
This study evaluates the extent to which primary schools in a region of New Zealand are challenged by limited funds to enable the effective management and performance of their school. The study involved interviews wit...This study evaluates the extent to which primary schools in a region of New Zealand are challenged by limited funds to enable the effective management and performance of their school. The study involved interviews with school principals and analysis of their schools' financial statements. The aim of this project is to gain a current understanding of the issues and challenges facing primary schools in a defined region (Waikato) to see whether the trends identified in national research studies, confirms the problem that schools are underfunded. The results of the current study identified the issues experienced by the Waikato schools and in most cases supported previous research findings. The findings of the current study also suggest that schools share the dilemmas associated with limited government funding and rely significantly on local funding sources to achieve their basic objectives. Although schools may be effective in the management of their school objectives, there is more government funding required to relieve the pressures and challenges.展开更多
In this paper, we analyzed the status of human resource management practices in western China state-owned and state holding enterprises azld private enterprises, and found that there are differences in the nature of t...In this paper, we analyzed the status of human resource management practices in western China state-owned and state holding enterprises azld private enterprises, and found that there are differences in the nature of the business combination of different patterns of human resource management practices.展开更多
The utility of public goods vary with the behaviors of stakeholders (players), and it is appropriate to study effective supply and management of public goods with game modeling and analysis. The comparison effect is...The utility of public goods vary with the behaviors of stakeholders (players), and it is appropriate to study effective supply and management of public goods with game modeling and analysis. The comparison effect is the key issue of public good provision both in theoretical analysis and in practice. One major contribution of the paper is the extension of Clarke-Groves mechanism, to achieve which strategic behavior analysis is applied through the analysis and the comparison effect among various stakeholders in different stages is created and highly emphasized. In the first section of this paper, the definition of integrated water resources management (IWRM), the importance of stakeholder participation as well as some models and methods that have been applied are illustrated. Following this, the framework of analysis is elaborated, in which the scenario and aims are shown, and it is claimed that game theory is the main approach, which includes both cooperative games and non-cooperative games. To achieve the aims of the public project, five approaches from game theory are able to cover the entire process of the project, and the fourth approach on interest compensation mechanism is the highlight of the research. After this, the interest compensation mechanism is demonstrated in the model section, and is proved to be an incentive compatible mechanism that makes each stakeholder choose to behave in accordance with the interest of the entire project. The Clarke-Groves mechanism is applied and extended in establishing the model, and the utility change by the comparison among stakeholders (defined as the comparison effect) is involved. In the application section, a water project is analyzed in consideration of various stakeholders, and other possible applications are also indicated.展开更多
Performance management has become a competitive advantage of enterprises to cultivate core competitiveness of strategic initiatives, but how to act performance management out scientifically has been difficult. An uncl...Performance management has become a competitive advantage of enterprises to cultivate core competitiveness of strategic initiatives, but how to act performance management out scientifically has been difficult. An unclear understanding of the various issues often results in improper handling counterproductive. Thus, we should analyze human resource performance management problems and their causes, and only on this basis can we establish and implement effective hunlan resource management system dynamic performance during the difficulties and the main factors that should be considered to elaborate.展开更多
In this work, we construct a stage-structured single population system with winter hiber- nation and impulsive effect in polluted environment. All solutions of the investigated system are proved to be uniformly ultima...In this work, we construct a stage-structured single population system with winter hiber- nation and impulsive effect in polluted environment. All solutions of the investigated system are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. The conditions of the population- extinction solution of the investigated system are obtained. The permanent condition of the investigated system is also obtained. Finally, numerical analysis is inserted to illustrate the results. Our results indicate that the environmental pollution will reduce biological diversity of the natural world. Our results also provide reliable tactic basis for the practical biological resource management.展开更多
文摘The major soil animal groups, enchytraeid worms and oribatid mites, were compared in the abundance and diversity between conventional fields (CT) and organic farming fields with tillage (OT) or no-tillage (ON) practices. The values of abundance, species richness, diversity and evenness were significantly larger in OT and ON than in CT, indicating that the abundance and diversity in organic farming fields were greater than those in conventional farming. The community structure of enchytraeid genera was different between OT and ON. Enchytraeus was the most abundant in OT, while Fridericia in ON. The abundance of oribatids in OT was similar to that in ON, while the species richness and diversity in the former were smaller. These results suggested that no-tillage practice under organic management might contribute to the improvement in quality of soil mesofauna.
文摘This study evaluates the extent to which primary schools in a region of New Zealand are challenged by limited funds to enable the effective management and performance of their school. The study involved interviews with school principals and analysis of their schools' financial statements. The aim of this project is to gain a current understanding of the issues and challenges facing primary schools in a defined region (Waikato) to see whether the trends identified in national research studies, confirms the problem that schools are underfunded. The results of the current study identified the issues experienced by the Waikato schools and in most cases supported previous research findings. The findings of the current study also suggest that schools share the dilemmas associated with limited government funding and rely significantly on local funding sources to achieve their basic objectives. Although schools may be effective in the management of their school objectives, there is more government funding required to relieve the pressures and challenges.
文摘In this paper, we analyzed the status of human resource management practices in western China state-owned and state holding enterprises azld private enterprises, and found that there are differences in the nature of the business combination of different patterns of human resource management practices.
文摘The utility of public goods vary with the behaviors of stakeholders (players), and it is appropriate to study effective supply and management of public goods with game modeling and analysis. The comparison effect is the key issue of public good provision both in theoretical analysis and in practice. One major contribution of the paper is the extension of Clarke-Groves mechanism, to achieve which strategic behavior analysis is applied through the analysis and the comparison effect among various stakeholders in different stages is created and highly emphasized. In the first section of this paper, the definition of integrated water resources management (IWRM), the importance of stakeholder participation as well as some models and methods that have been applied are illustrated. Following this, the framework of analysis is elaborated, in which the scenario and aims are shown, and it is claimed that game theory is the main approach, which includes both cooperative games and non-cooperative games. To achieve the aims of the public project, five approaches from game theory are able to cover the entire process of the project, and the fourth approach on interest compensation mechanism is the highlight of the research. After this, the interest compensation mechanism is demonstrated in the model section, and is proved to be an incentive compatible mechanism that makes each stakeholder choose to behave in accordance with the interest of the entire project. The Clarke-Groves mechanism is applied and extended in establishing the model, and the utility change by the comparison among stakeholders (defined as the comparison effect) is involved. In the application section, a water project is analyzed in consideration of various stakeholders, and other possible applications are also indicated.
文摘Performance management has become a competitive advantage of enterprises to cultivate core competitiveness of strategic initiatives, but how to act performance management out scientifically has been difficult. An unclear understanding of the various issues often results in improper handling counterproductive. Thus, we should analyze human resource performance management problems and their causes, and only on this basis can we establish and implement effective hunlan resource management system dynamic performance during the difficulties and the main factors that should be considered to elaborate.
基金Acknowledgments The work of the first author was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11361014) and the project of high level creative talents in Guizhou Province (No. 20164035). This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11361014, 10961008), the Science Technology Foundation of Guizhou Education Department (No. 2008038), and the Science Technology Foundation of Guizhou (No. 2010J2130).
文摘In this work, we construct a stage-structured single population system with winter hiber- nation and impulsive effect in polluted environment. All solutions of the investigated system are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. The conditions of the population- extinction solution of the investigated system are obtained. The permanent condition of the investigated system is also obtained. Finally, numerical analysis is inserted to illustrate the results. Our results indicate that the environmental pollution will reduce biological diversity of the natural world. Our results also provide reliable tactic basis for the practical biological resource management.