自强不息铸辉煌——记九三学社中央副主席、中科院院士刘应明

在１９９７年１１月新当选的九三学社中央副主席中，最年轻的一位就是时年５７岁的刘应明。他在１９９５年１０月当选为中科院院士时，时年５５岁，在院士中也属年轻。刘应明是全国人大常委、九三学社四川省委副主委、四川联合大学副校长、省科协副主席。同时还是６种国外...

ε-strongly Efficient Solutions for Vector Optimization with Set-valued Maps

In locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces,ε-strongly efficient solutions for vector optimization with set-valued maps are discussed.Firstly,ε-strongly efficient point of set is introduced.Secondly,under the nearly cone-subconvexlike set-valued maps,the theorem of scalarization for vector optimization is obtained.Finally,optimality conditions of ε-strongly efficient solutions for vector optimization with generalized inequality constraints and equality constraints are obtained.

Improving the performance of metal-organic frameworks for thermo-catalytic CO_(2)conversion:Strategies and perspectives

Climate change caused by the increasing emission of CO_(2)to the atmosphere has become a global concern.To ameliorate this issue,converting CO_(2)into valuable chemicals is highly desirable,enabling a sustainable low-carbon future.To this end,developing efficient catalytic systems for CO_(2)conversion has sparked intense interests from both academia and industry.Taking advantage of their highly porous structures and unique properties,metal−organic frameworks(MOFs)have shown great potential as heterogeneous catalysts for CO_(2)conversion.Various transformations involving CO_(2)have been accomplished over MOFs-based materials.Here we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on recent advances of heterogeneous CO_(2)thermocatalysis using MOFs,highlighting relationships between structures and properties.Special attention is given to the design strategies for improving the catalytic performance of MOFs.Avenues available to enrich the catalytic active sites in MOF structures are stressed and their respective impacts on CO_(2)conversion efficiency are presented.The synergistic effects between each active site within the structure of MOFs and derivatives are discussed.In the end,future perspectives and challenges in CO_(2)conversion by heterogeneous catalysis with MOFs are described.

Position Group Contribution Method for Predicting the Normal Boiling Point of Organic Compounds

A new position group contribution model is proposed for the estimation of normal boiling data of organic compounds involving a carbon chain from C2 to C18.The characteristic of this method is the use of position distribution function.It could distinguish most of isomers that include cis-or trans-structure from organic compounds.Contributions for hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives containing oxygen,nitrogen,chlorine,bromine and sulfur,are given.Compared with the predictions,results made use of the most common existing group contribution methods,the overall average absolute difference of boiling point predictions of 417 organic compounds is 4.2 K;and the average absolute percent derivation is 1.0%,which is compared with 12.3 K and 3.2% with the method of Joback,12.1 K and 3.1% with the method of Constantinou-Gani.This new position contribution groups method is not only much more accurate but also has the advantages of simplicity and stability.

Position Group Contribution Method for Estimation of Melting Point of Organic Compounds

A new method is proposed based on the position group contribution additivity for the prediction of melting points of covalent compounds. The characteristics of this method are the use of position distribution func-tion, which could distinguish between most isomers including cis or trans structure of organic compounds. Contri-butions for hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives containing oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine and sulfur, are given. Results are compared with those by the most commonly used estimating methods. The average derivation for prediction of normal melting temperature of 730 compounds is 14.46 K, compared to 29.33 K with the method of Joback, and 27.81 K with the method of Constantinou-Gani. The present method is not only more accurate, but also much simpler and more stable.

Intercalation Assembly Method and Intercalation Process Control of Layered Intercalated Functional Materials

Layered intercalated functional materials of layered double hydroxide type are an important class of functional materials developed in recent years. Based on long term studies on these materials in the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering in Beiiing University of Chemical Technology, the orinciole for the design of controlled intercalation processes in the light of tuture production processing requirements has been developed. Intercalation assembly methods and technologies have been invented to control the intercalation process for preparing layered intercalated materials with various structures and functions.

Dispersion Theory of Polaron in a Parabolic Quantum Dot at Finite Temperatures

By using the dispersion theory instead of the Frohlich Hamiltonian, the polaron energy in a quantum aot with a parabolic confinement potential is investigated at finite temperatures. It is found that the self-trapping energy of the polaron decreases with the increasing temperature, and the temperature effect is more obvious in quantum dots with weaker confinement.

New Method for Synthesis of Formamide from CO_2

The research team headed by Ding Kuiling working in the State Key Laboratory of Metallorganic Chemistry at the CAS Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry by using the princer type ruthenium complex catalyst has successfully developed a new method for effectively synthesizing formamide compounds from CO_2,H2 and primary or secondary amines serving as the feedstocks.

Transition metal-nitrogen sites for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR)powered by renewable electricity has emerged as the most promising technique for CO2 conversion,making it possible to realize a carbon‐neutral cycle.Highly efficient,robust,and cost‐effective catalysts are highly demanded for the near‐future practical applications of CO2RR.Previous studies on atomically dispersed metal‐nitrogen(M‐Nx)sites constituted of earth abundant elements with maximum atom‐utilization efficiency have demonstrated their performance towards CO2RR.This review summarizes recent advances on a variety of M‐Nx sites‐containing transition metal‐centered macrocyclic complexes,metal organic frameworks,and M‐Nx‐doped carbon materials for efficient CO2RR,including both experimental and theoretical studies.The roles of metal centers,coordinated ligands,and conductive supports on the intrinsic activity and selectivity,together with the importance of reaction conditions for improved performance are discussed.The mechanisms of CO2RR over these M‐Nx‐containing materials are presented to provide useful guidance for the rational design of efficient catalysts towards CO2RR.

Clinical Study on Acupuncture for Quality of Life in Patients with Age-related Macular Degeneration

Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture on the quality of life in patients with age-related macular degeneration(AMD).Methods:A total of 47 dry AMD cases(94 eyes)were randomly allocated into three groups,22 cases(44 eyes)in the acupuncture group,15 cases(30 eyes)in the Western medicine group and 10 cases(20 eyes)in the control group.Cases in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture,cases in the Western medicine group with vitamin C and E and cases in the control group received no treatment except for out-patient follow-up.Results:Acupuncture could significantly improve eye symptoms of dry AMD cases including blurred vision,drastic decrease in visual acuity,distorted vision,central scotomas,visual fatigue and dry eyes as well as other systemic symptoms related to macular degeneration.Conclusion:Acupuncture can substantially improve the quality of life in patients with dry AMD.

Influence of temperature and LO phonon on the effective mass of bipolarons in polar semiconductor quantum dots

The temperature and LO phonon effects of the bipolaron in polar semiconductor quantum dots （QDs） are studied by using the Tokuda modified linear-combination operator method and the Lee-Low-Pines variational method. The expressions for the mean number ofLO phonons and the effective mass of the bipolaron are derived. Numerical results show that the mean number of LO phonons of the bipolaron decreases with increasing the temperature and the relative distance r between two electrons, but increases with increasing the electron-phonon coupling strength a The effective mass of the bipolaron M＊ increases rapidly with increasing the relative distance r between two electrons when r is smaller, and it reaches a maximum at r ≈ 4.05rp, while after that, 34＊ decreases slowly with increasing r. The effective mass of the bipolaron M＇ decreases with increasing the temperature. The electron-phonon coupling strength a markedly influences the changes of mean number of LO phonons and the effective mass M＊ with the relative distance r and the temperature parameter y.