鞍形板感应加热成形的弹性有限元分析

鞍形板是典型的船体双曲度板之一,在使用高频感应加热成形鞍形板的研究过程中,多加热线的感应加热变形预测是钢板感应加热工艺研究的关键技术问题。该文基于固有应变理论和弹性有限元分析方法,通过大量钢板多场耦合的数值计算建立了工艺参数和固有应变的关系数据,以实际的固有应变作为载荷输入参数,应用弹性有限元模型计算多加热线鞍形板的整体变形。鞍形板的弹性有限元分析结果得到的挠度值与实验值一致,计算时间短,计算误差符合工程精度要求。因此,分析结果表明鞍形板多加热线的弹性有限元分析模型可以应用于鞍形板的变形预测。

基于弹性有限元分析的船体结构焊接变形研究

焊接是船体建造中的重要工序,焊接变形影响到船体结构的制造精度以及后续生产过程。应用弹性有限元分析预测大型船体纵向加筋板结构的面外焊接变形,为控制和减小焊接变形提供依据。考察了焊接模式、和横向加强筋对面外焊接变形的影响。

方钢管焊接空心球节点的弹性有限元分析及试验

通过有限元系统分析方钢管焊接空心球节点在轴力作用下的受力性能.建立采用实体单元的有限元模型,对轴力作用下的方钢管焊接空心球节点进行弹性有限元分析,给出轴力作用下方钢管焊接空心球节点的应力和变位分布规律,并对它的力学性能进行分析.将弹性有限元分析结果与试验结果进行比较,两者符合很好,验证了有限元分析的正确性.

线加热实现枕型船体外板成形的弹性有限元分析

基于固有变形理论和弹性有限元分析,以氧-乙炔火焰加热的固有变形为输入参数,应用弹性有限元分析预测船体板材的面外变形;对比两种不同加热模式下板材受热弯曲成形的效率。研究分析表明,弹性有限元分析可高效地预测板材成形的效果,且从边缘到边缘的平行线加热模式,更有利于板材的弯曲成形。

压裂泵泵头体弹性有限元分析

重点介绍了压裂泵泵头体在同一内压作用下,各处发生的塑性变形和产生的残余应力的大小是不一样的,利用ANSAYS软件试算的方法确定泵头体的弹性极限压力,获得了泵头体在小于弹性极限内压的压力作用下的有限元弹性模拟模型,从而发现压裂泵泵头体的危险部位在缸腔和阀腔相贯部位,能够很好地解释现场发生的泵头体开裂现象。

多点点焊件疲劳寿命分析

根据ST12钢的双点及三点拉剪电阻点焊试件的恒幅疲劳测试结果,分别使用缺口应力法和等效结构应力法进行疲劳寿命预测。在使用缺口应力法时,按试件的实际尺寸和国际焊接学会(International institute of welding, IIW)推荐标准,分别建立了双点和三点拉剪试件的三维实体有限元模型进行弹性应力分析,从有限元分析结果提取von Mises最大应力变化值,结合IIW推荐标准中的S-N曲线对试件进行疲劳寿命分析预测;在使用结构应力法时则采用梁壳混合单元进行有限元应力分析,并且根据主S-N曲线进行疲劳寿命预测。结果表明,在低周疲劳范围内,缺口应力法和等效结构应力法预测的结果相对于试件的实际寿命有较好地相关性,其中等效结构应力法的结果更接近实验寿命结果。

不同生物瓣型面应力的有限元分析

采用四节点板壳元,对球面、圆柱面、旋转抛物面3种不同型面生物瓣瓣叶的应力分布进行了超弹性有限元数值模拟.分析了3种不同型面应力分布的差别,结果表明:3种型面中,旋转抛物面型瓣叶的应力分布较为合理.进一步分析了具有散布钙化点的瓣膜应力分布,发现当瓣叶出现钙化时,不同型面都会在钙化点及其周围产生应力集中,促进钙化的进一步加剧并最终导致瓣叶失效.

曲面分段的焊接试验及弯曲变形评估

曲面分段的建造精度直接影响船体结构的水动力性能及运营成本,其焊接变形的预测和控制,是船舶智能建造的研究难点。以6 mm厚Q235船板钢的单曲率加筋焊接结构为研究对象,在专用胎架上通过二氧化碳(CO_(2))气体保护焊,完成曲面分段建造;采用全站仪测量曲面分段上胎、封胎、焊接以及脱胎等状态下的结构形状,通过线切割和抛光腐蚀,获得平角焊接头的宏观金相。基于瞬态的热-弹-塑性有限元方法,分析典型平角焊的热-力学行为以及夹具拘束的影响;通过对比熔池形状,确认计算的可靠性,进而评估出焊接固有变形;建立曲面分段的壳单元网格模型,以焊接固有变形为力学载荷,预测曲面分段的建造精度。研究表明:有限元预测的结果与试验测量数据高度吻合,且焊接纵向收缩是曲面分段产生弯曲变形的主要原因。基于上述先进的焊接变形计算方法,分析拘束距离、满焊等工艺对典型接头焊接变形和曲面分段建造精度的影响,可为后续曲面分段的建造工艺优化提供参考。

某型发动机第2级涡轮叶片低循环疲劳寿命分析

对改型后的某型发动机第2级涡轮叶片进行了热弹性有限元应力分析,结果表明在发动机各功率状态下,第2级涡轮叶片始终处于弹性应力范围,最大应力始终位于叶片和轮盘的交界部位;采用EGD-3应力标准中的应力疲劳分析方法,分别按假设的最好和最差的S-N曲线,估算了第2级涡轮叶片的低循环飞行小时寿命。

钟形壳球面沟槽新型精磨夹具的设计与分析

针对钟形壳球面沟槽精密磨削加工过程中定位夹紧及上下料过程时间长,生产效率较低的问题,设计一种自动定心,弹性夹紧一体的钟形壳球面沟槽精密磨削夹具,并创新设计了自动弹出机构,适用不同尺寸零件加工辅助机构。在完善总体夹具设计基础上,根据受力情况,对弹性夹头和钟形壳的变形量进行理论计算,并通过Solid Works建立弹性夹头三维模型,有限元Workbench分析弹性夹头的静力学特性,分析结果与理论结果一致,验证弹性夹头结构设计的合理性。利用此新型夹具,可有效提高钟形壳球面沟槽精密磨削的生产效率。

结构混凝土拉压杆模型法配筋设计

对于钢筋混凝土结构 ,现行规范通常采用以截面为分析对象的极限状态法 (即截面内力法 )进行设计。此方法对于结构的有些区域比较适用 ,但对有些区域就不合理 ,甚至不能用此方法设计。近年来 ,欧美国家提出一种在有限元分析基础上适用于混凝土结构各部位配筋设计的拉压杆模型法 ,但国内对此方法还缺乏系统研究。该文主要介绍它的设计原理、一般准则及具体步骤 ,以引起国内学者的关注与兴趣 ,共同研究与探讨 ,推动我国在此方面的研究工作。

Finite element analysis of stress at implant-bone interface of dental implants with different structures

The effect of structure,elastic modulus and thickness of lower modulus layer in porous titanium implants on the stress distribution at the implant-bone interface was investigated.Three-dimensional finite element models of different titanium implants were constructed.The structures of the implants included the whole lower modulus style （No.1）,bio-mimetic style （No.2）,the whole lower modulus style in cancellous bone （No.3） and the whole dense style No.4.The stress distributions at bone-implant interface under static loading were analyzed using Ansys Workbench 10.0 software.The results indicated that the distribution of interface stress is strongly depended on the structure of the implants.The maximum stresses in cancellous bone and root region of implant No.2 are lower than those in the other three implants.A decrease in the modulus of the low modulus layer facilitates the interface stress transferring.Increasing the thickness of the low modulus layer can reduce the stress and induce a more uniform stress distribution at the interface.Among the four implants,biomimetic style implant No.2 is superior in transferring implant-bone interface stress to surrounding bones.

层间结合状态对搭板法处治旧水泥路面的影响

采用Goodman接触单元模拟层间结合状态 。

横梁腹板开孔剪切稳定性加强方式

船体结构中,为方便管线通过,常需在横梁腹板上开孔,这将影响横梁的强度和稳定性。本文主要针对腹板开孔对其剪切稳定性影响进行讨论,并为补偿开孔后腹板剪切稳定性的损失,采用有限元弹性屈曲分析方法,探讨了常用的加强筋、围缘扁钢和复板3种加强方式在不同加强尺寸下的加强效果。本文的计算和分析结果能为横梁腹板开孔的加强设计提供一定的参考。

基于固有变形的环肋耐压圆柱壳结构焊接变形预控

耐压结构的焊接建造精度严重影响其生产周期与成本,为解决这一问题,以环肋耐压圆柱壳结构为研究对象,进行典型接头焊接试验,采用三坐标测量仪测量其面外变形。进行接头的热-弹-塑性有限元分析,预测其焊接变形,结果显示数值计算结果与试验结果吻合较好;通过变形反演法获得了更加准确的固有变形数据;利用接头固有变形进行耐压结构的弹性有限元分析,预测其焊接变形,并运用预置反变形、优化装焊顺序等手段对焊接变形进行控制。结果表明:弹性有限元分析可作为预测大型结构焊接变形的有效手段,平均径向变形可更加准确地评估耐压结构的整体变形情况;采用肋骨分组的装焊顺序最终引起的平均径向变形最小,变形值相比普通顺序焊下降了50.3%;施加反变形可使耐压结构的平均径向变形下降57.5%。

Finite element analysis on thermal upheaval buckling of submarine burial pipelines with initial imperfection

In-service hydrocarbons must be transported at high temperature and high pressure to ease the flow and prevent the solidification of the wax fraction. The pipeline containing hot oil will expand longitudinally due to the rise in temperature. If such expansion is resisted, for example by frictional effects over a kilometer or so of pipeline, compressive axial stress will be built up in the pipe-wall. The compressive forces are often so large that they induce vertical buckling of buffed pipelines, which can jeopardize the structural integrity of the pipeline. A typical initial imperfection named continuous support mode of submarine pipeline was studied. Based on this type of initial imperfection, the analytical solution of vertical thermal buckling was introduced and an elastic-plasticity finite element analysis （FEA） was developed. Both the analytical and the finite element methodology were applied to analyze a practice in Bohai Gulf, China. The analyzing results show that upheaval buckling is most likely to build up from the initial imperfection of the pipeline and the buckling temperature depends on the amplitude of initial imperfection. With the same amplitude of initial imperfection, the triggering temperature difference of upheaval buckling increases with covered depth of the pipeline, the soil strength and the friction between the pipeline and subsoil.

Stress distributions on crown-luting cement-substrate system with finite element method

The aim of this work is to analyze the stress distributions on a crown-luting cement-substrate system with a finite-element method in order to predict the likelihood of interfacial micro cracks, radial or circumferential cracks, delamination, fracture and delamination with torsion. The contact and layer interface stresses in elastic layered half-space indented by an elastic sphere were examined using finite element method. The model consists of crown, luting cement and substrate. The solutions were carried out for three different elastic moduli of luting cement. It was placed between the cement and the substrate as a middle layer and its elastic module was chosen lower than the elastic module of crown and higher than the elastic module of dentin. An axisymmetric finite element mesh was set up for the stress analysis. Stress distributions on the contact surface and the interfaces of crown-luting cement and luting cement-dentin have been investigated for three different values of luting cement by using ANSYS. The effects of the luting cement which has three different elastic moduli on the pressure distribution and the location of interfacial stresses of the multi-layer model have been examined. The mechanism of crack initiation in the interfaces and interracial delamination was also studied quantitatively. For each luting cement, the pressure distribution is similar at the contact zone. Stress discontinuities occur at the perfect bonding interfaces of the crown-luting cement and the substrate-luting cement. The maximum stress jumps are obtained for the highest and the lowest elastic module of the luting cement. In the crown-luting cement-substrate system, failures may initiate at crown-luting cement region for luting cement with the lowest elastic module value. In addition, failures at luting cement-substrate region may occur for luting cement with the highest elastic module. In the luting cement, the medium elastic module value is more suitable for stress distribution in crown-luting cement-substrate interfaces.

Influence of features of natural soft clay on behaviour of embankment

The influence of different features of natural soft clays,namely anisotropy,destructuration and viscosity,on modelling the time-dependent behaviour of Murro embankment was investigated.The newly developed elasto-viscoplastic models were enhanced for determining viscosity parameters in a straightforward way and adopted for the finite element analysis.The same set of common parameters determined from conventional triaxial and oedometer tests was employed for all models,with additional parameters required for representing different soil features.The finite element predictions by using models coupled with BIOT's consolidation theory were compared with each other and with field data for settlement,horizontal displacement and excess pore pressures.In addition,the stress paths under the embankment loading were also compared with each other to improve the understanding of the effect of different soil features.All simulations demonstrate that all three features significantly influence the predictions.As a consequence,accounting for soil features needs to be carefully considered when they are applied to a construction site.

Time-dependent lateral response of pile embedded in elasto-plastic soil

A two-dimensional （2D） finite element analysis was carried out to assess the time-dependent behavior of single vertical pile embedded in elasto-plastic soil. The finite element analyses were carried out using the linear elastic model for the structure of the pile, while the Mohr-Coulomb model was used for representing the soil behavior surrounding the pile. The study includes cohesionless and cohesive soil to assess the lateral response of pile in the two types of soil. The whole geoteehnical model is suitable for problem of piles to determine the design quantities such as lateral deformation, lateral soil stress and its variation with time. The model is verified based on the results of published cases and there is good comparison between the results of published ease and the present simulation model. It is found that, the pile in cohesionless soil has more resistance in the rapid loading and less one in the long term loading. On the other hand, the pile in cohesive soil shows opposite behavior.

位移监控及预报方法在地下工程中的应用

以北京地铁西单车站横通道施工为例,对位移监控及预报方法在地下工程中的实际应用作了详细介绍,得出了某些规律性的认识。