列车车轮辐射声场的有限元法-边界元法研究

为探索车轮在轮轨表面粗糙度激励下的振动辐射声场特征,利用有限元法-边界元法相结合的方法,完成了建立车轮和轨道的三维有限元模型,根据有限元法分析其结构振动模态和位移导纳特性,通过声学边界元软件Virtual.Lab对车轮辐射声场及真实激励下辐射声功率级进行预测研究。结果表明:轮轨接触点处车轮径向导纳变化剧烈,在计算频率范围内自振频率较多,而钢轨的垂向导纳变化整体较为平和,在钢轨Pinned-Pinned频率附近变化较剧烈;车轮的声辐射具有较强的指向性,其声辐射效率在低频时较小,随着频率增大而增大,并逐渐趋于1;计算得到的每单位粗糙度的接触力与D.J Thompson根据轮轨相互作用模型计算出的结果基本相符,真实激励下的声辐射功率总体来看高频范围的声功率级大于低频范围。研究结果可为进一步探讨列车车轮在真实激励下的辐射噪声预测及控制提供帮助与参考。

Numerical Simulation of Sloshing in Rectangular Storage Tank Using Coupled FEM-BEM

Sloshing of liquid can increase the dynamic pressure on the storage sidewalls and bottom in tanker ships and LNG careers. Different geometric shapes were suggested for storage tank to minimize the sloshing pressure on tank perimeter. In this research, a numerical code was developed to model liquid sloshing in a rectangular partially filled tank. Assuming the fluid to be inviscid, Laplace equation and nonlinear free surface boundary conditions are solved using coupled FEM-BEM. The code performance for sloshing modeling is validated against available data. To minimize the sloshing pressure on tank perimeter, rectangular tanks with specific volumes and different aspect ratios were investigated and the best aspect ratios were suggested. The results showed that the rectangular tank with suggested aspect ratios, not only has a maximum surrounded tank volume to the constant available volume, but also reduces the sloshing pressure efficiently.

Structural-acoustic optimization of stiffened panels based on a genetic algorithm

For the structural-acoustic radiation optimization problem under external loading,acoustic radiation power was considered to be an objective function in the optimization method. The finite element method(FEM) and boundary element method(BEM) were adopted in numerical calculations,and structural response and the acoustic response were assumed to be de-coupled in the analysis. A genetic algorithm was used as the strategy in optimization. In order to build the relational expression of the pressure objective function and the power objective function,the enveloping surface model was used to evaluate pressure in the acoustic domain. By taking the stiffened panel structural-acoustic optimization problem as an example,the acoustic power and field pressure after optimized was compared. Optimization results prove that this method is reasonable and effective.

三相电抗器立体井型线声源等效模型的建立

随着社会发展和人民环保意识的提高,特高压(ultra high voltage,UHV)噪声污染的投诉与纠纷日益增多,已经成为制约电网绿色发展与建设的重要因素。通过对特高压变电站内主设备噪声的测量,发现三相电抗器噪声最大,且出现极大与极小值交替现象。说明电抗器噪声在传播过程中存在明显的干涉效应,这也是造成常用商业噪声软件的预测值与实测结果不符的主要原因。为解决此问题,基于有限元法(finite element method,FEM)声固耦合及有限元法-边界元法(FEM-boundary element method,FEM-BEM)耦合理论,使用数值仿真软件COMSOL对三相电抗器声源特性及声源等效模型建立方法展开研究。研究发现三相电抗器噪声频谱中100 Hz的声功率级占比全频带声功率级超过90%,说明100 Hz是造成干涉效应的主要频率。并基于此频率提出一种通过设置井型线声源的方法建立三相电抗器声源等效模型。结果显示:模型仿真计算的预测结果与实测值的趋势基本一致,差异在修正后实现了较高的吻合度。研究对于三相电抗器设备的噪声预测与治理具有现实指导意义,为特高压输变电工程的进一步精细化设计提供了一种有效思路与方法。

列车车轮滚动噪声的频域特性研究

为探究轮轨表面粗糙度激励下车轮的振动辐射声场特征,采用有限元法-边界元法相结合的方法,建立车轮和轨道的三维有限元模型。分析了其结构振动模态和位移导纳,并通过声学边界元软件LMS Virtual.Lab建模,对车轮辐射声场与真实激励下辐射声功率级进行预测研究。结果表明,轮轨接触点处车轮径向导纳变化剧烈,在计算频率范围内自振频率较多,而钢轨垂向导纳变化整体较为平和,仅在钢轨Pinned-Pinned频率附近变化较剧烈;车轮的声辐射效率在低频时较小,随着频率增大而增大,并逐渐趋近于1;计算得到的每单位粗糙度接触力与Thompson的计算结果基本相符,在国际标准BS EN ISO3095:2013激励下,高频范围的声功率级大于低频范围。研究结果为探讨轨道车轮在真实激励下的辐射噪声预测及控制提供了帮助与参考。

Noise comparison of centrifugal pump operating in pump and turbine mode

Investigations regarding the relation of noise performance for centrifugal pump operating in pump and turbine modes continue to be inadequate.This paper presents a series of comparisons of flow-induced noise for both operation modes.The interior flow-borne noise and structure modal were verified through experiments.The flow-borne noise was calculated by the acoustic boundary element method(ABEM),and the flow-induced structure noise was obtained by the coupled acoustic boundary element method(ABEM)/structure finite element method(SFEM).The results show that in pump mode,the pressure fluctuation in the volute is comparable to that in the outlet pipe,but in turbine mode,the pressure fluctuation in the impeller is comparable to that in the draft tube.The main frequency of interior flow-borne noise lies at blade passing frequency(BPF)and it shifts to the 9th BPF for interior flow-induced structure noise.The peak values at horizontal plane appear at the 5th BPF,and at axial plane,they get the highest sound pressure level(SPL)at the 8th BPF.Comparing with interior noise,the SPL of exterior flow-induced structure noise is incredibly small.At the 5th BPF,the pump body,cover and suspension show higher SPL in both modes.The outer walls of turbine generate relatively larger SPL than those of the pump.