基于直接多层有限元模拟的二维压电材料的力电性能研究

该文采用直接多层有限元模拟(Direct multi-layer finite element,Direct FE^(2))方法,模拟非均质材料的力-电耦合问题。该方法突破了传统并发多尺度分析方法必须依赖控制脚本进行宏-微观跨尺度信息传递的固有框架。首先,通过有限元的控制方程和并发多尺度分析所需的Hill-Mandel均质化条件,推导出可直接实现宏观与微观信息实时传递的多节点约束方程。其次,将并发多尺度分析所需的宏观结构模型和代表体积单元模型合并为一个有限元模型,避免了在两个尺度之间的重复数据传输。最后,通过算例验证该文算法的正确性和有效性。

非均布移动荷载作用下黏弹性沥青路面动力响应分析

基于实测非均布车辆荷载移动特性,采用Witczak黏弹性模型动态剪切模量,建立了非均布移动荷载作用下沥青路面结构瞬态动力分析的三维有限层模型,通过3D-MOVE Analysis软件分析不同路面温度、不同车辆行驶速度下沥青路面动力响应的时程变化和横向分布规律,并与均布移动荷载的计算结果进行比较。结果表明:路面结构层动力响应具有交变特性;基层与土基应变恢复具有滞后现象;面层顶面出现应力应变集中现象;在双轮加载区域内路面动力响应横向分布具有非对称性,各动力响应峰值出现在不同横向位置上;与均布移动荷载比较,非均布移动荷载作用下的动力响应沿横向变化较小;随着车辆行驶速度的增加,面层底部动力响应先减小后增大,有一个峰值点,临界速度约为48 km/h;当路面温度由-10℃升高至50℃时,面层底部纵向、横向应变突变幅度分布分别增加了2.75,1.53倍,面层底部剪应力显著增加,且高温下面层底部剪应力容易出现应力集中现象。

In-situ Micro-CT analysis of deformation behavior in sandwich-structured meta-stable beta Ti−35Nb alloy

Beta Ti−35Nb sandwich-structured composites with various reinforcing layers were designed and produced using additive manufacturing(AM)to achieve a balance between light weight and high strength.The impact of reinforcing layers on the compressive deformation behavior of porous composites was investigated through micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)and finite element method(FEM)analyses.The results indicate that the addition of reinforcement layers to sandwich structures can significantly enhance the compressive yield strength and energy absorption capacity of porous metal structures;Micro-CT in-situ observation shows that the strain of the porous structure without the reinforcing layer is concentrated in the middle region,while the strain of the porous structure with the reinforcing layer is uniformly distributed;FEM analysis reveals that the reinforcing layers can alter stress distribution and reduce stress concentration,thereby promoting uniform deformation of the porous structure.The addition of reinforcing layer increases the compressive yield strength of sandwich-structured composite materials by 124%under the condition of limited reduction of porosity,and the yield strength increases from 4.6 to 10.3 MPa.

Perfectly matched layer-absorbing boundary condition for finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equations

The perfectly matched layer （PML） is a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition used for the numerical modeling of seismic wave equation. The article focuses on the application of this technique to finite-element time-domain numerical modeling of elastic wave equation. However, the finite-element time-domain scheme is based on the second- order wave equation in displacement formulation. Thus, the first-order PML in velocity-stress formulation cannot be directly applied to this scheme. In this article, we derive the finite- element matrix equations of second-order PML in displacement formulation, and accomplish the implementation of PML in finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equation. The PML has an approximate zero reflection coefficients for bulk and surface waves in the finite-element modeling of P-SV and SH wave propagation in the 2D homogeneous elastic media. The numerical experiments using a two-layer model with irregular topography validate the efficiency of PML in the modeling of seismic wave propagation in geological models with complex structures and heterogeneous media.

Experimental and FEM Study of Coated and Uncoated Tools Used for Dry Milling of Compacted Graphite Cast Iron

Compacted graphite cast iron （CG1） has been the material for high-power diesel engines recently, but its increased strength causes poor machinability. In this study, coated and uncoated carbide tools were used in dry milling experiment and FEM simulation to study the machinability of CGI and wear behaviour of tools. The experimental and FEM simulation results show that coated tool has great advantage in dry milling of CGI. SEM and EDS analysis of tool wear indicate the wear morphology and wear mechanism. Adhesive wear is the main mechanism to cause un- coated tool wear, while abrasive wear and delamination wear are the main mechanism to cause coated tool wear. Stress and temperature distribution in FEM simulation help to understand the wear mechanism including the reason for coat- ing peeled off.

Simulation of residual stresses and their effects on thermal barrier coating systems using finite element method

Thermal barrier coating(TBC)systems are widely used in industrial gas-turbine engines.However,premature failures have impaired the use of TBCs and cut down their lifetime,which requires a better understanding of their failure mechanisms.In the present study,experimental studies of isothermal cycling are firstly carried out with the observation and estimation of microstructures.According to the experimental results,a finite element model is established for the analysis of stress perpendicular to the TBC/BC interface.Detailed residual stress distributions in TBC are obtained to reflect the influence of mechanical properties,oxidation,and interfacial roughness.The calculated results show that the maximum tensile stress concentration appears at the peak of TBC and continues to increase with thermal cycles.Because of the microstructural characteristics of plasma-sprayed TBCs,cracks initialize in tensile stress concentration(TSC)regions at the peaks of TBC and propagate along the TBC/BC interface resulting in the spallation of TBC.Also,the inclusion of creep is crucial to failure prediction and is more important than the inclusion of sintering in the simulation.

3D finite element simulation of explosive welding of three-layer plates

A 3D t＇mite element model of the explosive welding process of three-layer plates with materials of steel-copper-copper is es- tablished. Based on the presented model, the bonding mechanism is simulated and analyzed, different detonation modes are also comparatively studied to indicate the driving force spread in few microseconds. The results show that the three layer plates bond together after many times of impact between the flyers and the base driven by detonation wave, which is damping rapidly at each impact with wavelength decreasing. The pressure at the detonation point is minimal, which induces non-bonding of the plates here. Detonation wave propagates in concentric circle both under side-midpoint detonation mode and under center-point detonation mode, but the movement of the flyer is different, which makes non-bonding easily occur at the end of detonation under side-midpoint detonation and at the center of the plate under center-point detonation.

Numerical simulation of the separation between concrete face slabs and cushion layer of Zipingpu dam during the Wenchuan earthquake

The Zipingpu concrete-faced rockfill dam(CFRD)experienced strong ground motion from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Separation between concrete face slabs and the cushion layer was observed after the earthquake.The separation voids under the stage III slabs make up 55%of the total area of the stage III slabs.The observed maximum height of the separation voids was nearly 23 cm at the top of the stage III slabs.Separation voids were also observed locally below the top of stage II slabs near the left abutment,with a maximum height of 7 cm.In this study,a static and dynamic elasto-plastic finite element analysis on Zipingpu CFRD was conducted to capture the separation during the Wenchuan earthquake.The rockfill materials were described using a state-dependent elasto-plastic model that considered particle breakage.The model parameters of rockfill materials were obtained from feedback analysis.The numerical results were largely consistent with the field measurements during construction and after the Wenchuan earthquake.A three-dimensional state-dependent elasto-plastic model that can trace the separation and re-contact of a soil-structure interface was employed to investigate the interaction between concrete face slabs and a cushion layer.The analysis showed the distribution of separation voids observed in the Zipingpu CFRD has a close relationship to the water level and slab dislocations at the time of the earthquake.The phenomenon of the separation from the Wenchuan earthquake was successfully captured by the proposed numerical procedure.

Research on residual stress inside Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy coating by laser cladding processing

The stainless Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy(SMA) coating was prepared on the surface of AISI 304 stainless steel. The principal residual stress measured by the mechanical hole-drilling method indicates that the Fe-Mn-Si SMA cladding specimen possesses a lower residual stress compared with the 304 stainless steel cladding specimen. The mean stress values of the former and the latter on 10-mm-thick substrate are 4.751 MPa and 7.399 MPa, respectively. What's more, their deformation values on 2-mm-thick substrate are about 0° and 15°, respectively. Meanwhile, the variation trend and the value of the residual stress simulated by the ANSYS finite element software consist with experimental results. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) pattern shows ε-martensite exists in Fe-Mn-Si SMA coating, which verifies the mechanism of low residual stress. That's the γ→ε martensite phase transformation, which relaxes the residual stress of the specimen and reduces its deformation in the laser cladding processing.