基于动态服务价的充电站有序充电控制方法

为了解决电动汽车充电困难与充电设施利用率低这一对新矛盾,本文首先调查分析了各种电动车辆的出行习惯和充电特点;然后把社会充电站归纳成城市公共充电站和公交物流车等专用充电站两类,提出了分时电价响应和动态服务价响应两种有序充电方式,并制定以风电、光伏等绿色新能源出力反向激励的动态服务价引导机制,建立了以用户充电费用最低为目标的数学模型;最后进行了仿真分析。结论为:从负荷波动性看,分时电价响应与动态服务价响应有序充电方式均比无序充电方式降低,动态服务价响应有序充电方式还能够有效提高西部地区绿色电能利用率,大幅减少弃风弃光。

基于成本核算的医院内部服务价格的制定

随着医院内部成本核算基础工作的日益加强和成本核算体系的日趋成熟,为了使单位内部责任的划分更加清晰、明确,把责任成本作为成本控制的重要内容纳入总体绩效考核评价体系中,实行内部服务价格势在必行。以成本核算为基础,探讨医院内部服务价格制定的作用、原则和方法,并以某大型三甲医院机电维修内部服务价格的制定为例,研究内部服务价格的制定步骤和实施环节。

知识溢价与服务溢价:智能变革中的影响力生成

随着人们的知识需求与精神满足的改变,智能传播变革中的内容制作思维、媒体运作思维都需要变革。不仅要基于提供更多知识溢价和服务溢价以增强内容产品吸引力和竞争力,还要面向社会生产体系制作高价值数据内容。这就需要从面对阅读需求走向面向发展需求、从立足分析思维走向立足发现思维、从注重分析态势走向注重挖掘机会、从优化传播思维走向驱动传播思维、从提升传播价值走向提升知识价值、从满足获知需求走向满足认知需求、从关注内容需求走向关注精神需求。

电网企业供电服务定价模式研究

随着用电量的不断增加,居民、企业等用电客户对电气设施的维修要求日益增加。根据《供电营业规则》相关规定,用电客户的维修需求大多不在供电企业免费服务范围内。为此,我们对相关的供电服务的责权进行了界定,对供电服务的概念、分类、服务定价模式等进行了探讨,给价格管理部门制定相关政策提供参考。

基于激励的自主雾计算网络时延确定性服务

为应对雾计算网络中雾节点自主反馈服务能力造成的服务时延不确定性问题,提出一种基于激励的最佳性价比时延确定性卸载服务策略。综合考虑雾节点和终端节点特性,构建满足服务时延阈值的服务性价比最优化问题,推导得出卸载服务时延满足阈值的条件。终端节点通过设定初始服务价格,根据时延确定性条件调整价格激励自主雾节点提供更强的服务能力,得到满足时延阈值条件的最佳性价比卸载策略。仿真结果表明,所提算法可以提供性价比最高的时延确定性卸载服务。

激活养老服务业 延长就业年龄

中国在2000年进入老龄社会,自2012年以后,年均老龄人口增加与劳动人口减少700万,养老服务需求迅速上涨,带来几千万就业岗位。劳动供给迅速减少,服务价格迅速提高,直接挑战老龄人口的购买力。养老服务的岗位需求目前我国65岁以上人口约为1.5亿,并呈逐年上升趋势。城市老年人生活能够完全自理的占85.4%,能部分自理的占9.6%,完全不能自理的老年人占5.0%。

运用价费政策促进养老产业发展的探讨——基于福建省的基本情况分析

随着"421""422"家庭数量急剧增长,当前我国的养老产业发展已经远远不能满足老年人对养老服务的需求,加快发展养老产业成为各级政府的工作重点。然而,养老服务发展存在着供需矛盾突出、区域发展不平衡、专业人才紧缺及政策的不完善等问题。因此,通过运用价费政策促进养老产业发展不乏为一种尝试。

住宅小区动态分时充电价格响应的电动汽车有序充电策略

在住宅小区传统建设模式下,充电桩安装难、配套投资大,严重阻碍了充电桩在小区内进行普及使用。为解决该问题,本文首先调研了住宅小区内的电动汽车用户的出行习惯和充电特点,提出了分时电价响应和动态服务价响应两种有序充电模式,然后以用户充电费用最低为目标建立了数学模型,并引入超小区配电变压器容量的惩罚因子,最后利用改进粒子群算法,仿真分析在无序充电、分时电价响应有序充电、动态服务价响应有序充电三种方式下的负荷波动性。算法仿真后,证明了所提出充电策略的正确性、有效性。最后,针对住宅小区公共、个人停车位充电桩,提出了住宅小区停车位安装充电桩响应有序充电建设方案,为今后住宅小区电动汽车实际应用充电提供了指导建议。

基于物流服务的网购服务供应链决策的博弈模型研究

随着顾客在网购过程中对物流服务能力的期望日益升高,网络零售商对网购服务供应链的物流服务能力采取优化策略成为了必然选择。通过模型分析,当网络零售商根据物流服务性价比进行订单分配决策时,提升服务性价比所引起的订单量的增加会激励各物流服务商提升其物流服务能力;随着物流服务性价比的提升,商品的零售价格也随之上升,并使网络零售商获得更多的利润;当网络零售商为中性偏好时,随着物流服务性价比的订单影响系数的增加,平台自营物流的服务能力的提升要高于第三方物流。因此网络零售商最终会选择平台自营物流为其提供服务。

对医疗机构实行优质优价的几点看法

关于优质优价中优价的提法问题优质优价中关于优价的提法,就一般理解而言,那就是优质的服务收费价格高。但仔细推敲一下,优价似乎是另外一层意思。那就是物质商品市场中经常可以听到的和看到的“优惠价”,价格“从优”,物美价廉。如果这样去理解的话,那与我们医疗机构实行优质优价本来的意义则相反。另外,提出优质优价以后,无优价的是否意味着无优质可言?所以,本人认为优价的提法不够妥当。

Response of Ecosystem Service Value Based on Land Use Changes and Analysis of its Driving Factors in Typical Hilly Region with Red Soil

The contribution rate of ecosystem service value variation was used to analyze the effects of land use changes on the changes of ecosystem service value in Xingguo County during 1996-2005.Grey integrated correlation was employed to explore the contribution level of the indicators such as total population,urbanization level,proportion of primary industry and investment of social fixed assets on ecosystem service value,and the correlation analysis was also carried out.The results showed that the ecosystem service value in Xingguo County during 1996-2005 mainly was woodland,and the decrease of woodland area was the major reason for the sustained reduction of ecosystem service value.With the further increase of market demand and the incentives of local government,the garden area rapidly increased during 2001-2005,and the influence degree of garden towards the changes of ecosystem service value was only second to woodland,ranking No.2.Four socio-economic indicators had different correlation degree with ecosystem service value during the different research periods.Total population,urbanization level and proportion of primary industry had high correlation degree with ecosystem service value,whereas the influence degree of various socio-economic indicators on ecosystem service value was equal with each other day by day.Urbanization level,investment of social fixed assets and total population had significant negative correlation with ecosystem service value,while the proportion of primary industry had positive correlation with ecosystem service value.

Seagrass Bed Ecosystem Service Valuation——A Case Research on Hepu Seagrass Bed in Guangxi Province

Seagrass bed ecosystem is a coastal ecosystem with abundant biodiversity and high production. It is also an important system for the sustainable development of human society and economy. Based on the local research, statistical data and prevenient research results, the main services of Hepu seagrass ecosystem were analyzed in the paper, including fishing production, nutrient cycling, scientific research, protecting the coast from eroding, climate regulation, biodiversity, culture, bequest valuation, option valuation and existence valuation and so on. At the same time, we used ecological and economic methods for economic evaluation of seagrass in Hepu of Guangxi, including the market valuation method, contingent valuation method, carbon and tax method, benefit transfer method and expert survey method. The results showed that the total valuation of the Hepu seagrass ecosystem service was about 6.29 × 10^5 Yuan RMB/ha in 2005. Among these services, the indirect using valuation is the main aspect, which was 4.47 x 10^5Yuan RMB/ha in 2005, accounting for 70.97 % of the total valuation. The non-using valuation was 1.54 × 10^5 Yuan RMB/ha in 2005, accounting for 24.52 % of the total valuation. The direct using valuation is the least, which was only 2.84 × 10^4 Yuan RMB/ha in 2005, accounting for 4.51% of the total valuation.

Assessment of Ecosystem Services Value in Hotan Oasis, Xingjiang

[Objective] The study aimed to assess the ecosystem services value in Hotan Oasis, Xingjiang. [Method] The visual interpretation method was adopted to process TM/ETM＋ images based on field investigation in Hotan Oasis. These inter- pretation data, along with two periods of land use data, were reclassified to farm- land, forest, grassland and so on. Then, the ecosystem services value was calculat- ed and analyzed. [Result] Analysis indicated that the ecosystem services value had been increased by 30.44x108 Yuan （16.51%） in the study area during 1980-2010, which can be explained by the increase of glacier and snowfield distributed in the south mountain with the increase of annual precipitation. At the same time, the con- tribution rate of grassland to ecosystem services value had been decreased as a result of degradation of grassland and occupation from farmland. For the whole basin, the increase of ecosystem services value came from the upper reaches, while the ecosystem services value had been reduced in the middle and lower reaches. In the middle reaches, the reduction came mainly from wetland （-1.83x10s Yuan）, waters （-1.68x10s Yuan）, forest （-0.86x108 Yuan） and grassland （-0.80x108 Yuan）. But in the lower reaches, the ecosystem services values of waters, grassland and forest were -0.61 x108 Yuan, -0.24x108 Yuan, and -0.07x10s Yuan, respectively. [Conclusion] If some effective policies, such as the implementation of returning farm- land to forest and ceasing from farming to grazing, would be taken, the ecosystem degradation can be constrained and reversed in the northwest arid region.

Impacts of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Service Value in Yanchi County of Ningxia

Based on TM image data in 1989, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2006 and 2009 of Yanchi County of Ningxia, the land use date of Yanchi County in each year were extracted supported by RS and GIS technology, and used to analyze the dynamic change of land use. The land use data were studied for estimating the change of ecosystem services value caused by the land use change of Yanchi County, using the evaluation method of China terrestrial ecosystem services value. The results showed that the changes of land use were obvious during 1989 to 2009. The area of woodland and construction land had an increasing tendency; grassland area changed from decreasing to increasing, which was in contrary to farmland and un-used land areas （from increasing to decreasing）; water area fluctuated slightly. The ecosystem services value of Yanchi County had an increasing tendency during 1989 to 1995, because the increasing woodland area had took the major role in raising the total ecosystem services value. The grassland accounted for a large proportion of the total ecosystem service value of Yanchi County, with its contribution rate from 49.8% to 60.4%. And the composition of the ecosystem services value of Yanchi County happened benign change for the increasing contribution rate of woodland. The ecosystem services value sensitivity index of each land use type was less than 1, indicating that the ecosystem services value of Yanchi County lacks flexibility on its service value index, and the research results are reliable.

Changes in Grassland Ecosystem Service Values in the Three-River Headwaters Region,China

[Method] This study aimed to assess the changes in grassland ecosystem Service values in the Three-River Headwaters Region of China, the source of the Yangtze, Yellow （Huang He） and Lantsang （Mekong） rivers. [Method] Biophysical values of four services were monetized within the region, including water regulation, air quality regulation, climate regulation and soil conservation. [Result] The total ESVs were 884.97×10^8 Yuan, 1 302.06×10^8 Yuan and 1 299.49×10^8 Yuan in 2000, 2005 and 2008, respectively. The amount of value per unit area experienced a steep increase from 2000 to 2005（18.10×10^4 Yuan/km2）, and then remained almost unchanged from 2005 to 2008 （-0.31×10^4 Yuan/km2）. The ESV tended to decline from the southeastern to the northwestern. ESV in the eastern and central part increased faster than that in the south-central and western part of the TRHR from 2000 to 2008. It could be seen that the ecosystem condition of grassland in the TRHR improved signifi- cantly over the study period of 2000-2008. [Conelusion] The results provided good information to assess the effectiveness of current ecological protection measures in the TRHR and support regional sustainable management policies.

Study on the Ecosystem Services Value of Fei County Based on RS and GIS

[Objective] With the background of dramatic changes in land use patterns,the aim was to explore the ecosystem services value of Fei County based on RS and GIS.[Method] Ecological changes in the environment can bring changes in economic value expressed quantitatively by ecosystem service value （ESV）.According to modified ESV equivalency factor tables and three periods of interpreted TM remote sensing images in 1990,2000 and 2009,this paper calculated the total ESV in Fei County,Shandong Province,China and analyzed the relationship between ESV and the land-use changes at last.[Result] The results showed that the total ESV of the study area decreased from 2.144×109 yuan in 1990,2.139×109 yuan in 2000,and at last to 2.098×109 yuan in 2009 as the overall study area land use pattern changed dramatically,in which the built-up land increased by 23％,while the cropland and forest were constantly on the decrease.[Conclusion] The research provides theoretical support for the construction of high efficient ecological economic zone and sustainable development of the region.

使用宽裕时间有效分配优化工作流逆向分层算法

针对截止期约束的工作流费用优化问题,逆向分层算法利用同步结束特征优化调度取得了较好的效果.然而,现有此类算法缺乏有效的宽裕时间分配策略容易产生无效时间碎片.通过定义邻服务级差性价比,以及对分配避免活动集的特性分析设计了宽裕时间有效分配启发式算法(slack-time effective allocation,SEA).SEA使宽裕时间分配给所需的逆向分组以产生最大的费用优化效果,避免无效时间碎片.同时基于对工作流截止期的不同分区属性的分析设计了改进的时序一致性工作流费用优化算法(slack-time effective allocation extended TCDBL,SATCDBL).实验结果表明了SATCDBL相比典型逆向分层算法DBL和TCDBL,平均费用分别降低了25.9%和12.7%.

Value co-creation model based on IS application capabilities

To illustrate how firms and customers co-create value in business to business （B2B） e-commerce, an integrated value co-creation model is proposed based on information systems （IS） application capabilities from the relational view. IS application capabilities, relational assets, customer agility and relational value are constructed and tested by empirical analysis. The empirical research tests and verifies the mediating effect of customer agility, and the interactions of IS application capabilities and relational assets, as well as their effect on relational value. This model expands the research framework of value co-creation in service dominant logic, and reveals the mechanism of how f＇n＇ms and customers co-create value in B2B e-commerce based on IS application capabilities, which provides the basis for further theory development and a practice guide.

Implementing VMI service pricing strategy for 3PL corporation considering recovery costs

The collector managed inventory(CMI)management idea is introduced based on the comparison of manufacturer and third-party logistics(3PL)implementing vendor managed inventory(VMI)services.Considering recovery costs,the service pricing strategies for 3PL corporations implementing VMI are studied to meet two conditions of participation constraints and incentive-compatibility constraints.The numerical simulation results indicate that the supply chain partners' profits change after considering recovery costs,and the 3PL corporation's profits and the total profits increase first,and then decrease.The retailers' and manufacturers' profits also increase.The total profits of the supply chain have a characteristic of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of the callback ratio of unsold products.The concrete extremum point is codetermined by price flexibility,service pricing of the 3PL corporation,callback price and callback ratio.

Preliminary Evaluation on Urban Forest Ecosystem Services Function in Meizhou City

In order to better explore the function of urban forest in human habitation and settlement environment,the ecosystem functions were evaluated in terms of air purification,water conservation,soil conservation,maintenance of biodiversity in Meizhou by the methods of market price,shadow prices approach and opportunity cost,and the problems of the value assessment at home and abroad in urban forest ecosystem services function were simply discussed.