Ecosystem services valuation seeks to increase the social relevance of ecosystem characteristics, the underlying biological mechanisms that support services, by making the contribution of ecosystems to human well-bein...Ecosystem services valuation seeks to increase the social relevance of ecosystem characteristics, the underlying biological mechanisms that support services, by making the contribution of ecosystems to human well-being explicit. Economic valuation can help management by clarifying the full range of benefits and costs of proposed management actions. In the past two decades, economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services has become one of the most significant scientific priorities for wetland protection. In this paper, we provide an overview of ecosystem services, and summarize the main interdisciplinary approaches to measure and value wetland ecosystem services. We identified four main methodological gaps preventing progress on wetland valuation of ecosystem services in China, which are: 1) confusion on terminology like intermediate and final ecosystem services, 2) lack of ecological production functions to link ecosystem characteristics to final ecosystem services, 3) static valuation making it difficult to evaluate the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services, and 4) lack of clear guidance on relating ecological compensation programs to conservation targets. Overcoming these gaps is important to inform wetland compensation mechanisms and conservation policies. We propose future research on wetland ecosystem services in China should be focused on: 1) defining final ecosystem services based on beneficiary preferences and underlying biophysical mechanisms, 2) establishing wetland monitoring programs at specific sites to collect data on final ecosystem service indicators and ecosystem characteristic metrics to create ecological production functions for economic valuation and rescaling techniques, and 3) incorporating wetland ecosystem service values into decision-making processes to inform wetland management.展开更多
Payments for ecosystem service （PES） schemes have spread all over developing countries in the last 20 years or so. PES schemes often have high opportunity costs in terms of foregone uses of goods and services offere...Payments for ecosystem service （PES） schemes have spread all over developing countries in the last 20 years or so. PES schemes often have high opportunity costs in terms of foregone uses of goods and services offered by the environment. It is within this scope that economic evaluation of environmental goods and services plays a role. In this paper we surveyed articles and studies that report application of economic environmental valuation procedures in PES schemes. Special attention was paid to data collection and analysis, to theoretical robustness of its procedures and to the aggregation of estimated value. We also scrutinize how these estimates had been incorporated into PES schemes, in particularly in the assessment phase of these schemes. Empirical data from Brazil and other Latin American countries were used, particularly those in the Amazon Basis. Our results reveal a frequent overestimation of the values of ecosystem services calculated through the use of economic valuation methods. Values have been estimated by production function methods （opportunity cost, preventive expenditures, recovering cost or dose-response methods）. As a consequence, estimated values reflect much more willingness to accept compensation by supplier and rarely willingness to pay by consumer of these ecosystem services. Besides this distance between supply and demand, application of valuation methods did not account for problems such as uncertainty, risks, and lack of information. All these limitations have led to wrong decision-making.展开更多
Integrating with practical e-commerce application, this paper introduces a novel multi-dimension evaluation method to depict and calculate the trust values. The multi-dimension evaluation metrics include functional an...Integrating with practical e-commerce application, this paper introduces a novel multi-dimension evaluation method to depict and calculate the trust values. The multi-dimension evaluation metrics include functional and nonfunctional properties and corresponding weights. The continuous measurement values and the Markov chain mechanism are adopted to compute the trust value and detect the malicious behaviors. The current evaluation has larger influence factor on the next transaction behavior. A trust model is implemented with web service which consists of publication, filtrating, calculating and storage center. It is easily extended and the user only defines each property and its weights according to specific requirements, then the trust values are got. In order to conveniently manage and avoid the dead-lock, some constraint rules are proposed. The results show that the method based on multi-dimension can reflect objectively the dynamic change of trust values.展开更多
Today, service science provides the authors with a new paradigm, as well as new values, which are able to be co-createa through the supportive efforts of people, facilitated by advanced technologies. Thus, the author,...Today, service science provides the authors with a new paradigm, as well as new values, which are able to be co-createa through the supportive efforts of people, facilitated by advanced technologies. Thus, the author, believing that analyzing and interpreting the characteristics and the properties of service science is significant, proves the effectiveness and validity of Dominant AHP as a measuring method of economic and service values in this paper.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Forestry Nonprofit Industry Scientific Research Special Project(No.201204201)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011BAJ07B05)
文摘Ecosystem services valuation seeks to increase the social relevance of ecosystem characteristics, the underlying biological mechanisms that support services, by making the contribution of ecosystems to human well-being explicit. Economic valuation can help management by clarifying the full range of benefits and costs of proposed management actions. In the past two decades, economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services has become one of the most significant scientific priorities for wetland protection. In this paper, we provide an overview of ecosystem services, and summarize the main interdisciplinary approaches to measure and value wetland ecosystem services. We identified four main methodological gaps preventing progress on wetland valuation of ecosystem services in China, which are: 1) confusion on terminology like intermediate and final ecosystem services, 2) lack of ecological production functions to link ecosystem characteristics to final ecosystem services, 3) static valuation making it difficult to evaluate the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services, and 4) lack of clear guidance on relating ecological compensation programs to conservation targets. Overcoming these gaps is important to inform wetland compensation mechanisms and conservation policies. We propose future research on wetland ecosystem services in China should be focused on: 1) defining final ecosystem services based on beneficiary preferences and underlying biophysical mechanisms, 2) establishing wetland monitoring programs at specific sites to collect data on final ecosystem service indicators and ecosystem characteristic metrics to create ecological production functions for economic valuation and rescaling techniques, and 3) incorporating wetland ecosystem service values into decision-making processes to inform wetland management.
文摘Payments for ecosystem service （PES） schemes have spread all over developing countries in the last 20 years or so. PES schemes often have high opportunity costs in terms of foregone uses of goods and services offered by the environment. It is within this scope that economic evaluation of environmental goods and services plays a role. In this paper we surveyed articles and studies that report application of economic environmental valuation procedures in PES schemes. Special attention was paid to data collection and analysis, to theoretical robustness of its procedures and to the aggregation of estimated value. We also scrutinize how these estimates had been incorporated into PES schemes, in particularly in the assessment phase of these schemes. Empirical data from Brazil and other Latin American countries were used, particularly those in the Amazon Basis. Our results reveal a frequent overestimation of the values of ecosystem services calculated through the use of economic valuation methods. Values have been estimated by production function methods （opportunity cost, preventive expenditures, recovering cost or dose-response methods）. As a consequence, estimated values reflect much more willingness to accept compensation by supplier and rarely willingness to pay by consumer of these ecosystem services. Besides this distance between supply and demand, application of valuation methods did not account for problems such as uncertainty, risks, and lack of information. All these limitations have led to wrong decision-making.
文摘Integrating with practical e-commerce application, this paper introduces a novel multi-dimension evaluation method to depict and calculate the trust values. The multi-dimension evaluation metrics include functional and nonfunctional properties and corresponding weights. The continuous measurement values and the Markov chain mechanism are adopted to compute the trust value and detect the malicious behaviors. The current evaluation has larger influence factor on the next transaction behavior. A trust model is implemented with web service which consists of publication, filtrating, calculating and storage center. It is easily extended and the user only defines each property and its weights according to specific requirements, then the trust values are got. In order to conveniently manage and avoid the dead-lock, some constraint rules are proposed. The results show that the method based on multi-dimension can reflect objectively the dynamic change of trust values.
文摘Today, service science provides the authors with a new paradigm, as well as new values, which are able to be co-createa through the supportive efforts of people, facilitated by advanced technologies. Thus, the author, believing that analyzing and interpreting the characteristics and the properties of service science is significant, proves the effectiveness and validity of Dominant AHP as a measuring method of economic and service values in this paper.
