企业数字化转型对服务化价值共创绩效的影响研究:基于合作网络视角

数字技术正在深刻影响制造业服务化价值共创和合作网络的动态调整。基于中国制造业A股上市公司2013-2022年的数据,将组织内外部合作网络纳入数字化转型的分析框架,实证检验数字化转型对服务化价值共创绩效的影响及作用机制,并进一步探究企业规模异质性与门槛效应。结果表明,数字化转型对服务化价值共创绩效存在“倒U”型影响,组织内部合作网络动态性会显著增强二者的“倒U”型关系;组织间合作网络中心度与结构洞在数字化转型与服务化价值共创绩效之间发挥“倒U”型中介作用。进一步研究发现,数字化转型对服务化价值共创绩效的影响效果因企业规模而异,且存在极化现象和门槛效应。

逆全球化、去规则化与全球价值链服务化

随着信息技术和智能计算机技术的发展,服务品突破本地化限制表现出强烈的全球化倾向,全球价值链服务化程度日趋提升。本文在EK模型基础上,利用中国和53个国家双边服务贸易数据以及各国的投入产出表,测度了中国参与全球价值链活动的服务化程度;并在此基础上分析逆全球化、去规则化对全球价值链服务化的影响。实证结果显示:第一,在样本期内,中国参与全球价值链活动的服务贸易附加值含量不断提升,这说明中国参与全球价值链的服务化程度不断提升。第二,全球化可以显著促进价值链服务化。金融危机之后,全球经济一体化程度受阻,逆全球化会抑制中国参与全球价值链服务化程度的提升。第三,国内市场的去规则化是促进全球价值链服务化的重要推动力量。国内市场规则优化1%,会促进全球价值链服务化程度提高0.419%。细分国内市场规则之后研究发现,商业市场的去规则化可以显著地促进全球价值链的服务化,但是就业市场和信贷市场的去规则化对全球价值链服务化的影响不显著。为了促进全球价值链服务化,一方面要坚定不移地推动对外开放政策,实现全面开放的新格局;另一方面,要注重优化国内市场规则,尤其是商业市场规则,制定出有助于服务企业深度融入全球价值链的政策组合。

制造企业服务化:概念界定及特征分析

从20世纪90年代以来,随着制造企业服务化趋势的兴起,对制造企业服务的研究也成为一个关键管理专题。文章在现有的制造企业服务化的概念及特征研究的基础上,结合制造企业服务化实际存在的问题,得出结论:所谓制造企业服务化是指制造企业以更好地满足顾客需求为导向,以实现企业的价值和竞争优势为最终目标,将价值链由以制造为中心向以服务为中心转变的动态过程;其特征主要包括:强烈的顾客导向是服务化的核心特征,服务成为制造企业创造差异化优势的主要来源,服务化是一种动态的过程,服务化改变了传统商业模式下固有的激励冲突,服务化有助于企业树立良好的品牌价值等。

自由贸易协定网络地位、服务开放与价值链服务化

文章聚焦深度FTA与价值链服务化的关系,以服务贸易国内规制为切入点,在单一FTA直接作用基础上考察了一国全球FTA网络地位对提升该国服务开放水平,继而促进双边价值链服务化的间接作用及内在机制。研究表明,一方面,FTA的服务贸易条款深度将有力推动缔约双方与服务相关的价值链合作;另一方面,相较于国内服务增加值,以一国自身的FTA缔约数量、缔约质量、FTA伙伴国的平均缔约数量和质量分别刻画的FTA网络节点地位将显著提高其制造业出口内涵的外国服务增加值比重。同时,节点地位的促进效应针对不同的国家组合、服务分行业、国内服务发展水平表现出明显的异质性,而且当贸易双方同属一个凝聚子群时,服务进口国网络地位的作用效果会更加突出。进一步分析发现,一国的经济发展水平、监管质量、治理效率对该国网络节点地位存在负向调节作用。对国内规制不完善或监管能力薄弱的国家而言,提高其在FTA网络中的地位更能倒逼其规制融合,加速推动服务开放。文章研究结论将为中国以构建“高标准自贸区网络”为抓手同步推进制度型开放提供重要的实践参考,对中国深化服务开放,优化服务领域市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境具有重要的现实意义。

Impacts of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Service Value in Yanchi County of Ningxia

Based on TM image data in 1989, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2006 and 2009 of Yanchi County of Ningxia, the land use date of Yanchi County in each year were extracted supported by RS and GIS technology, and used to analyze the dynamic change of land use. The land use data were studied for estimating the change of ecosystem services value caused by the land use change of Yanchi County, using the evaluation method of China terrestrial ecosystem services value. The results showed that the changes of land use were obvious during 1989 to 2009. The area of woodland and construction land had an increasing tendency; grassland area changed from decreasing to increasing, which was in contrary to farmland and un-used land areas （from increasing to decreasing）; water area fluctuated slightly. The ecosystem services value of Yanchi County had an increasing tendency during 1989 to 1995, because the increasing woodland area had took the major role in raising the total ecosystem services value. The grassland accounted for a large proportion of the total ecosystem service value of Yanchi County, with its contribution rate from 49.8% to 60.4%. And the composition of the ecosystem services value of Yanchi County happened benign change for the increasing contribution rate of woodland. The ecosystem services value sensitivity index of each land use type was less than 1, indicating that the ecosystem services value of Yanchi County lacks flexibility on its service value index, and the research results are reliable.

Response of Ecosystem Service Value Based on Land Use Changes and Analysis of its Driving Factors in Typical Hilly Region with Red Soil

The contribution rate of ecosystem service value variation was used to analyze the effects of land use changes on the changes of ecosystem service value in Xingguo County during 1996-2005.Grey integrated correlation was employed to explore the contribution level of the indicators such as total population,urbanization level,proportion of primary industry and investment of social fixed assets on ecosystem service value,and the correlation analysis was also carried out.The results showed that the ecosystem service value in Xingguo County during 1996-2005 mainly was woodland,and the decrease of woodland area was the major reason for the sustained reduction of ecosystem service value.With the further increase of market demand and the incentives of local government,the garden area rapidly increased during 2001-2005,and the influence degree of garden towards the changes of ecosystem service value was only second to woodland,ranking No.2.Four socio-economic indicators had different correlation degree with ecosystem service value during the different research periods.Total population,urbanization level and proportion of primary industry had high correlation degree with ecosystem service value,whereas the influence degree of various socio-economic indicators on ecosystem service value was equal with each other day by day.Urbanization level,investment of social fixed assets and total population had significant negative correlation with ecosystem service value,while the proportion of primary industry had positive correlation with ecosystem service value.

Impacts of land-use change on ecosystem service value in Changsha,China

Changsha,a typical city in central China,was selected as the study area to assess the variations of ecosystem service value on the basis of land-use change. The analysis not only included the whole city but also the urban district where the landscape changed more rapidly in the center of the city. Two LANDSAT TM data sets in 1986 and 2000 and land use data of five urban districts from 1995 to 2005 were used to estimate the changes in the size of six land use categories. Meanwhile,previously published value coefficients were used to detect the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. The result shows that the total value of ecosystem services in Changsha declines from $1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to $938.11 million per year in 2000. This decline is largely attributable to the increase of construction land,and the conversion from woodland and water body to cropland to keep the crop production. In the five districts,there is $6.19 million decline in ecosystem service value between 1995 and 2005. Yuelu District has the highest unit ecosystem service value while Yuhua District has the lowest one. This may be attributed to the greater conversion from cropland and grassland to woodland and water body with the increase of construction land in Yuelu District. It is suggested that the increase rate of construction land should be controlled rigorously and the area of woodland and water body should be increased or at least retained in the study area.

Research of the Response of Ecosystem to LUCC in Miyun County,Beijing:Based on Ecosystem Services Valuation

Miyun County,located in the northeast of Chinese capital Beijing,was underwent remarkable variations in land use in recent years.This paper aimed to detect changes in land use of Miyun from 1997 to 2005,and to qualify the response of ecosystem to LUCC based on ecosystem services valuation.With two-periods TM images,we got land use change data,and then ecosystem services values were calculated using ecosystem services valuation coefficients proposed by Chinese scholar Xie Gaodi.Results showed that water area,farm land and unused land decreased while residential land,forest land,grassland and orchard land increased during the study period.The loss of ESV was RMB 206 million and the main reason was the decrease of water area and farm land area.As for spatial variation,there were most dramatically land use change and ESV decline in reservoir ecological protection region.The coefficient sensitivity analysis indicates that valuation coefficients used in the study are suitable and results are reasonable.The driving forces of ESV loss were rapid population growth and economic development.More work should be done to make eco-environment stay healthy.

The value selection in the socialist public cultural services system innovation of colleges

The development of a national culture represents the quality of the citizens of this country, the cultural connotation of a national spirit. With the development of society, citizens demand more exuberant cultural services. Therefore, strengthening the construction of public cultural service system is imperative, at the same time, the public cultural system construction is the development and prosperity of socialist advanced culture, and building a harmonious society, the government system of public cultural services for the public and cultural life, which also constitutes a multifaceted innovative public cultural service system Building model in the public service, is the focus of the new era of cultural undertakings .

Intercultural Communication of Assist Card in Connecting Its Cardholder and Its Medical Service Provider

Technology-assisted, multi-party involved, non-face-to-face communication will become more prevail than interpersonal communication, and will play more important role in intercultural communication. Conflicts, complaints rise, how to balance all different positioned parties, how to advance the case will be of referential value to the cases coming later. AC at the center of multi-lateral communication acted timely and appropriately to have managed the complaints and facilitated communication. As an international traveling assistance and insurance company, Assist Card provides medical assistance from its direct and indirect medical service providers around the world to its cardholders. The role AC plays in connecting its cardholders and both its direct and indirect medical service providers is crucial and dominating. This is a case study of how did AC especially AC China act to facilitate the dialogue between Maria, the patient and Hengyang HP, the problem of AC intragroup communication, how did the in-group intimacy help AC trust hospital, defend for it, while believe it was Maria who should be more intercultural sensitive. Participant observation is another research method. Dialectical approach was used to analyze intercultural sensitivity responsibility.

Dynamic Simulation of Carbon Sequestration by Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

Based on the functional process of carbon sequestration of forest, we categorize carbon sequestration in two parts： carbon capture and carbon storage. Here,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica was used to simulate the dynamic changing process of carbon sequestration of forest in a century using tree growth formula and the cost of carbon capture and sequestration. We found that the total carbon captured and stored by 100-year-old P. sylvestris var.mongolica are both 966 kg C tree^-1. On the assumption that the current year is the planting year, the present total carbon sequestration value （capital value） of 100-year-old P. sylvesrtis var.mongolica is 54.78 USD tree^-1 at the discount rate of 3%, with the present total carbon capture value of 18.92 USD tree^-1 and carbon storage value of 35.86 USD tree^-1. The dynamic process of the annual value of carbon capture is ilustrated by an upside-down U shape curve, while that of carbon storage service folows an S shape curve. The combination of the dynamic processes of carbon capture value and carbon storage value represent the changing process of carbon sequestration value, which appears to be an S shape curve.

Ecosystem Service Value Evolution and Security Pattern Optimization in Huaihai Economic Zone

The ecological and environmental effects caused by land use change have attracted global attention.Huaihai Economic Zone, as the core of the Huaihe River ecological economic belt, has experienced a reciprocal evolution of land use, ecological security and regional economic development. Based on multi-stage land use data extracted by Google Earth Engine(GEE), the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of ecosystem service value(ESV) evolution in Huaihai Economic Zone from 1998 to 2018 were analyzed with the help of ESV assessment and a minimum accumulated resistance model(MCR), and the regional ecological security pattern(ESP) was optimized. The results show that ESV intensity has obvious spatial differentiation, which is higher in northeastern China and lower in southwestern China. The median ESV area accounted for the largest proportion, while the high and low ESV areas accounted for a small proportion. The characteristics of EVS temporal and spatial differentiation show decreasing and increasing grades. From the perspective of development period, the ESV grade changes show a positive trend. In the optimization of the ecological security pattern, 26 important ecological sources, 22main landscape ecological corridors, and 65 ecological strategic nodes were optimized and identified, and the middle-level ecological security zone accounted for the largest proportion. The main reasons for the changes in the ESV and ESP are closely related to the changes in local natural resources and the changes and adjustments in government protection policies. These research results can provide a reference for inter-provincial territorial space protection and the formulation of a sustainable development strategy.