Recently, the demand of services for architectural space is more increasing due to the diversification and complication of people＇s needs. In this research, it is assumed that the robot will support people＇s various...Recently, the demand of services for architectural space is more increasing due to the diversification and complication of people＇s needs. In this research, it is assumed that the robot will support people＇s various needs and people＇s lives in the near future. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between a robot and a person in quasi space close to actual life space. The authors carried out an experiment to clarify the feelings of worriment due to a robot in the living room in the case of Japanese males. This research aims to establish architecture techniques for robots and humans living together. In this experiment, the robot approached a male sitting on a sofa in quasi space. At different distances between the robot and the male, the subject evaluated his feelings of worriment from ＂no worriment＂ to ＂worriment＂ in five steps from one to five. The robot used in this experiment is middle-sized （380 mm （L） × 380 mm （W） × 350 mm （H））. In this experiment, it is considered that the robot asks for help outside when an emergency occurs. In this experiment, the authors had three situations for the subject： watching television, reading a magazine and just sitting.展开更多
A growing body of empirical evidence shows that females of many animal species gain benefits by mating polyan- drously, and often prefer to mate with novel males over previous mates. Although a female preference for n...A growing body of empirical evidence shows that females of many animal species gain benefits by mating polyan- drously, and often prefer to mate with novel males over previous mates. Although a female preference for novel males has been ,demonstrated for multiple animal taxa, the mechanisms used by females to discriminate between novel and previous mates remain largely unknown. However, recent studies suggest that in decorated crickets Gryllodes sigillatus, females actually imbue males with their own chemical cues, known as cuticular hydrocarbons （CHCs） during mating, and utilize chemosensory self-referencing 1：o recognize recent mates. Here we review evidence that self-referent phenotype matching is a widespread mechanism of recogni- tion in arthropods, and explore how CHCs are used to facilitate mate-choice decisions. There is substantial evidence that CHCs are used as recognition cues to discriminate between species, kin, sexes, mates, individuals, and self and non-self, and are used to facilitate mate-choice decisions in a wide range of arthropod taxa. There is also evidence that CHCs are often transferred between individuals during direct physical contact, including copulation. Chemosensory self-referencing via cuticular hydrocarbons could provide a simple, but reliable mechanism for identifying individuals from previous mating encounters. This mechanism does not require any specialized cognitive abilities because an individual＇s phenotype is always available for reference. Given the ubiqui- tous use of CHCs among arthropods, chemosensory self-referencing may be a widespread mechanism used by female arthropods to facilitate ibmale mate-choice decisions and to enhance opportunities for polyandry [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 239-248, 2013].展开更多
文摘Recently, the demand of services for architectural space is more increasing due to the diversification and complication of people＇s needs. In this research, it is assumed that the robot will support people＇s various needs and people＇s lives in the near future. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between a robot and a person in quasi space close to actual life space. The authors carried out an experiment to clarify the feelings of worriment due to a robot in the living room in the case of Japanese males. This research aims to establish architecture techniques for robots and humans living together. In this experiment, the robot approached a male sitting on a sofa in quasi space. At different distances between the robot and the male, the subject evaluated his feelings of worriment from ＂no worriment＂ to ＂worriment＂ in five steps from one to five. The robot used in this experiment is middle-sized （380 mm （L） × 380 mm （W） × 350 mm （H））. In this experiment, it is considered that the robot asks for help outside when an emergency occurs. In this experiment, the authors had three situations for the subject： watching television, reading a magazine and just sitting.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and a visiting profes- sorship from The Leverhulme Trust to S.K.S., a University Royal Society Fellowship and Royal Society Equipment Grant to J.H, and grants from the Orthopterists＇ Society, the Beta Lambda Chapter of Phi Sigma, and the Graduate Student As- sociation of Illinois State University to C.B.W. We thank Gil Rosenthal, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript.
文摘A growing body of empirical evidence shows that females of many animal species gain benefits by mating polyan- drously, and often prefer to mate with novel males over previous mates. Although a female preference for novel males has been ,demonstrated for multiple animal taxa, the mechanisms used by females to discriminate between novel and previous mates remain largely unknown. However, recent studies suggest that in decorated crickets Gryllodes sigillatus, females actually imbue males with their own chemical cues, known as cuticular hydrocarbons （CHCs） during mating, and utilize chemosensory self-referencing 1：o recognize recent mates. Here we review evidence that self-referent phenotype matching is a widespread mechanism of recogni- tion in arthropods, and explore how CHCs are used to facilitate mate-choice decisions. There is substantial evidence that CHCs are used as recognition cues to discriminate between species, kin, sexes, mates, individuals, and self and non-self, and are used to facilitate mate-choice decisions in a wide range of arthropod taxa. There is also evidence that CHCs are often transferred between individuals during direct physical contact, including copulation. Chemosensory self-referencing via cuticular hydrocarbons could provide a simple, but reliable mechanism for identifying individuals from previous mating encounters. This mechanism does not require any specialized cognitive abilities because an individual＇s phenotype is always available for reference. Given the ubiqui- tous use of CHCs among arthropods, chemosensory self-referencing may be a widespread mechanism used by female arthropods to facilitate ibmale mate-choice decisions and to enhance opportunities for polyandry [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 239-248, 2013].
