Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improvi...Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas.展开更多
The significance of biodiversity and ecosystem services are gradually recognized by human as an approach towards sustainability, so it is important to understand relationships and congruence between them to support co...The significance of biodiversity and ecosystem services are gradually recognized by human as an approach towards sustainability, so it is important to understand relationships and congruence between them to support conservation planning, especially in the hotspot areas with a prominent role in conservation. However, the management of most conservation hotspots mainly focused on biodiversity, and rarely concerned with ecosystem services. With the aim of proposing criteria for conservation strategies that contribute to the optimization of biodiversity and ecosystem services, in this study, a Geographic Information System(GIS)-based approach was designed to estimate and map the biodiversity and ecosystem services in Chongqing Municipality of China. Furthermore, the distributions of hotspot areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services were mapped based on the relationship between cumulative ecosystem services and areas. Finally the statistical analysis was processed focused on specific conservation objectives. The results showed that hotspot areas can conserve the most biodiversity but with the least ecosystem services under the conservation plans target to biodiversity conservation. In contrast, depending on the ecosystem services of interest, hotspot areas can conserve the largest ecosystem services but with the least biodiversity. By integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services into conservation plan, we found that the conservation and regeneration of these small areas, would contribute to a conservation of 44% of the biodiversity hotspot and 14%–42% of the ecosystem services hotspot. Moreover, the current nature reserve selection was not maximize the biodiversity and ecosystem services compared to integration strategy, indicating that hotspot areas conservation and selection is vital for optimization protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and has practical significance for natural resources and ecosystem management.展开更多
This study aimed to assess the incidence of institutional food service practice management errors in the kitchen of a general hospital, Chubu region, Japan. Clarifying the cause of incidents of institutional food serv...This study aimed to assess the incidence of institutional food service practice management errors in the kitchen of a general hospital, Chubu region, Japan. Clarifying the cause of incidents of institutional food service operation can reduce institutional food service practice management errors. This is the first study to analyze incidents at a general hospital kitchen in Japan in English. Data were collected from incident reports over the course of one year, between October 1, 2011 and November 30, 2012. Forty two reports of incidents whose locations were the kitchen were analyzed, for example, incident dates, incident times, workloads, incident contents, incident causes, accident levels, and the presence or absence of negligence. The frequency of incidents for months, for each third of month, for day of week, for time of day, for workload levels of staff member, and for types of incidents were analyzed using chi-square test following Ryan multiple comparison. The incidents were more likely to occur at the start of the business year, during the 11：00 to 12：59 time blocks, and when staffs were busy. Breakdown of incident contents of＂foreign contamination （hair）＂ was 10 reports （24%）. To prevent incidents, new staff should also be trained to acquire skills to avoid making errors during food preparation, ensuring that there is a clear route for communicating changes in the number of hospitalized patients, and building a system that allows for changes to be made to the number of meals to be served and the content of those meals in an accurate and prompt fashion. Furthermore, work uniform should be changed promptly as such contamination can reportedly be improved by having workers wear a work cap.展开更多
基金supported by the grant from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2007CB411507)Open Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science (SKLCS 08-05)
文摘Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011BAC09B08)Special Issue of National Remote Sensing Survey and Assessment of Eco-Environment Change Between 2000 and 2010(No.STSN-04-01)
文摘The significance of biodiversity and ecosystem services are gradually recognized by human as an approach towards sustainability, so it is important to understand relationships and congruence between them to support conservation planning, especially in the hotspot areas with a prominent role in conservation. However, the management of most conservation hotspots mainly focused on biodiversity, and rarely concerned with ecosystem services. With the aim of proposing criteria for conservation strategies that contribute to the optimization of biodiversity and ecosystem services, in this study, a Geographic Information System(GIS)-based approach was designed to estimate and map the biodiversity and ecosystem services in Chongqing Municipality of China. Furthermore, the distributions of hotspot areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services were mapped based on the relationship between cumulative ecosystem services and areas. Finally the statistical analysis was processed focused on specific conservation objectives. The results showed that hotspot areas can conserve the most biodiversity but with the least ecosystem services under the conservation plans target to biodiversity conservation. In contrast, depending on the ecosystem services of interest, hotspot areas can conserve the largest ecosystem services but with the least biodiversity. By integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services into conservation plan, we found that the conservation and regeneration of these small areas, would contribute to a conservation of 44% of the biodiversity hotspot and 14%–42% of the ecosystem services hotspot. Moreover, the current nature reserve selection was not maximize the biodiversity and ecosystem services compared to integration strategy, indicating that hotspot areas conservation and selection is vital for optimization protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and has practical significance for natural resources and ecosystem management.
文摘This study aimed to assess the incidence of institutional food service practice management errors in the kitchen of a general hospital, Chubu region, Japan. Clarifying the cause of incidents of institutional food service operation can reduce institutional food service practice management errors. This is the first study to analyze incidents at a general hospital kitchen in Japan in English. Data were collected from incident reports over the course of one year, between October 1, 2011 and November 30, 2012. Forty two reports of incidents whose locations were the kitchen were analyzed, for example, incident dates, incident times, workloads, incident contents, incident causes, accident levels, and the presence or absence of negligence. The frequency of incidents for months, for each third of month, for day of week, for time of day, for workload levels of staff member, and for types of incidents were analyzed using chi-square test following Ryan multiple comparison. The incidents were more likely to occur at the start of the business year, during the 11：00 to 12：59 time blocks, and when staffs were busy. Breakdown of incident contents of＂foreign contamination （hair）＂ was 10 reports （24%）. To prevent incidents, new staff should also be trained to acquire skills to avoid making errors during food preparation, ensuring that there is a clear route for communicating changes in the number of hospitalized patients, and building a system that allows for changes to be made to the number of meals to be served and the content of those meals in an accurate and prompt fashion. Furthermore, work uniform should be changed promptly as such contamination can reportedly be improved by having workers wear a work cap.
