企业成长过程中的服务能量扩增

本文通过对企业置身的市场环境的分析,提出现在主导企业的经营理念是以客户为中心”的经营理念,企业所拥有的服务能量是企业提供高品质的客户服务和客户关怀的基础,对企业成长过程中扩增服务能量的必要性进行分析,最后提出客户关系管理是企业扩增服务能量的有效解决方案。

生态网络仿真平台的能量管理服务

该文讨论了一种面向网络突现计算的生态网络模型中的能量管理服务。阐述了能量在生态网络模型中所起的关键作用,给出了能量对生物实体各种行为的控制机制及生态网络平台中能量管理服务的功能,最后探讨了能量安全性问题及解决办法。

基于市场经济的生态网络能量管理服务

提出了生态网络模型中基于市场经济的能量管理服务策略。它以市场中心化原则和优胜劣汰原则为基础,通过消息通信的方式依靠市场机制来实现能量管理,并给出了实现实例。该能量管理策略为生态网络结构具有自适应性、可调整性、可生存性提供了一个基本保证,也将为Internet网络体系结构的资源管理的自治性、资源及其使用者的异构性、资源分配决策的分布性和并行性等问题提供一种有效的解决途径。

考虑能量-辅助服务下的园区综合能源系统多时间尺度优化模型

在“双碳”目标下,构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统必将推动用户侧参与能量的实时平衡调控。在具有冷、热、电、气多能运行的综合能源系统中,通过结合多种可调资源的辅助调节,协调内部运行策略以支撑和响应电力系统的实时平衡,可促进园区的经济用能及地区新能源消纳。为此,以综合能源系统为视角,提出考虑能量-辅助服务市场环境下的多时间尺度优化模型,通过向电网提供调峰调频等辅助服务以优化园区的用能成本,通过等价线性化的方法求解非线性规划问题。仿真算例分析表明:在所提优化模型下,园区以多能协调互补实现经济用能的同时,通过参与调峰、调频辅助服务有效促进地区新能源消纳及实时平衡。

Modeling and performance evaluation of QoS-aware job scheduling of computational grids

To achieve high quality of service （QoS） on computational grids, the QoS-aware job scheduling is investigated for a hierarchical decentralized grid architecture that consists of multilevel schedulers. An integrated QoS-aware job dispatching policy is proposed, which correlates priorities of incoming jobs used for job selecting at the local scheduler of the grid node with the job dispatching policies at the global scheduler for computational grids. The stochastic high-level Petri net （SHLPN） model of a two-level hierarchy computational grid architecture is presented, and a model refinement is made to reduce the complexity of the model solution. A performance analysis technique based on the SHLPN is proposed to investigate the QoS-aware job scheduling policy. Numerical results show that the QoS-aware job dispatching policy outperforms the QoS-unaware job dispatching policy in balancing the high-priority jobs, and thus enables priority-based QoS.

SI-INSPIRED ENERGY AWARE QoS ROUTING TREE FOR WSN

A heuristic theoretical optimal routing algorithm （TORA） is presented to achieve the data-gathering structure of location-aided quality of service （QoS） in wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. The construction of TORA is based on a kind of swarm intelligence （SI） mechanism, i. e. , ant colony optimization. Firstly, the ener- gy-efficient weight is designed based on flow distribution to divide WSNs into different functional regions, so the routing selection can self-adapt asymmetric power configurations with lower latency. Then, the designs of the novel heuristic factor and the pheromone updating rule can endow ant-like agents with the ability of detecting the local networks energy status and approaching the theoretical optimal tree, thus improving the adaptability and en- ergy-efficiency in route building. Simulation results show that compared with some classic routing algorithms, TORA can further minimize the total communication energy cost and enhance the QoS performance with low-de- lay effect under the data-gathering condition.

图书馆借阅系统定量分析——“排队论”在图书馆借阅系统中的运用

我们知道,在图书馆借阅系统中,当读者在某一特定时间内到达服务设施(借阅处)的人数超过服务设施的服务能量时,便不能立即得到服务而需排队等候。读者从到达至离去的过程构成图书馆借阅等候系统。由于读者的到达速率是不规则的随机变量。且服务时间的长短也是不规则的随机分配,因此,服务设施的服务能量的大小很难设计。太大了会产生服务设施闲置的浪费。太小了又会造成读者排队时间的浪费。借阅系统服务的费用与读者等候的费用之间是成反比关系的。

ESCO事业和节能诊断、评价

ESCO(EnergyServiceCompany)指的是能量服务公司,是建筑节能中的一项新兴事业,它能发掘节能潜力,实现已建大楼空调、住宅小区采暖的节能,具有很广阔的发展前景。ESCO事业的特征包括节能资金的筹措,采暖、空调系统能效的改善等所有与系统相关的业务,并且用能效改善后所获得的能量减少费用部分偿还节能改造费。在ESCO事业中的节能诊断有“预备诊断”和“详细诊断”。前者的目的是判断ESCO事业是否可行,后者是为了提出节能方案而进行的诊断。节能评价有个别评价和综合评价,采用ESCO事业的可能范围是投资回收年限T≤5年。文中预测,我国ESCO事业的发展速度为每年增长20%。

A SDN-Based Energy Saving Strategy in Wireless Access Networks

This paper investigates on the base stations(BSs) sleeping control and energy saving in wireless network. The objective is to find the sleeping control and energy saving configuration between total power consumption and average video's quality. On the Software Defined Network(SDN) access network architecture, a type of sleeping control and active BSs' optimal transmitting time strategy is considered, the BS sleeps when there is no active users, and wakes up after a period of vacation time. In this paper, we study the active users grouping strategy, In order to spare more BSs into sleeping mode. Then this paper proposes an active BS transmitting time optimal strategy according to the users' Qo S. In the proposed strategy, the active BSs' transmitting time is minimized in order to save energy. This paper employs the mixed integer-programming model to present this optimization problem. Then we utilized a novel algorithm to save the energy in access networks and also meet the Qo S requirements. Both the analytical and simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively save energy in the access network BSs.

Power Consumption Optimization of Downlink Macro-Femto Heterogeneous Networks Based on Cross-Layer Design

Based on the cross-layer design, the power-optimization problem of Macro-Femto Heterogeneous Networks （HetNets） has been formulated. The constraints of power and re-source block allocation in the physical layer, delay and target data rate in the medium ac-cess control layer, urgent queue length in the network layer, and packet error rate in the transport layer, have been considered. The original problem is non-deterministic polyno-mial time hard, which cannot be solved practi-cally. After the restrictions of upper layers are translated into constraints with physical layer parameters, and the integer restrictions are relaxed, the original problem can be decom- posed into convex optimization subproblems. The optimal solutions of resource block allo-cation and power allocation can be obtained by using the Lagrangian optimization. Simula-tion results show that the proposed scheme is better than both the round robin algorithm and the max-rain one in terms of energy efficiency, throughput and service fairness. The round robin algorithm and the max-min one only focus on the user fairness rather than quality of service fairness. Compared to the round robin scheme （the max-min one）, the proposed scheme improves the energy efficiency 58.85% （62.41%）, the throughput 19.09% （25.25%）, the service fairness 57.69% （35.48%）.

SERVICE QUALITY CHALLENGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY ——THE POWER OF PEOPLE

The power of employees is usually under estimated by managers in an organization. In order to achieve effectively the organizational objectives and compete externally, leaders must appreciate the importance of the employees and help them to do right things to the organization. The process to develop powerful employees, enhance a learning culture and recognize the achievements is the important element to employee satisfaction. The winner of the 21st century is the one who can understand and apply the strategy of people.

Quantitative Evaluation on Wetland Ecosystem Service Function in Chao Lake

[Objective] The aim was to better reveal the type of ecosystem service function of wetlands in Chao Lake and provide references for protection and man- agement, restoration and rebuilding of local wetland ecosystem. [Method] The val- ues of ecosystem function was estimated by market value method, opportunity cost approach, replacement cost method, shadow engineering approach, travel cost method, hedonic pricing method and contingent value method. [Result] With wetland ecosystem service function value totals 4.968 billion yuan, the value of eco-environ- ment regulation and maintenance was the highest, followed by the value of cultural and social function. The value of material production was the least. The values of sub-functions can be concluded by comparison of service function va}ue and pro- portions, as follows： flood mitigation 〉water purification 〉water conservation 〉 tourism＆leisure〉material production〉scientific research and education〉water supply〉 biodiversity maintenance〉regulation on atmosphere constituents. [Conclusion] The re- search performed quantitative evaluations on ecosystem service function values of wetlands in Chao Lake and is of significance for specific development and protec- tion of local wetlands.

A QoS-Aware Packet Scheduling Mechanism in Cognitive Radio Networks for Smart Grid Applications

Cognitive radio sensor network is applied to facilitate network monitoring and management, and achieves high spectrum efficiencies in smart grid. However, the conventional traffic scheduling mechanisms are hard to provide guaranteed quality of service for the secondary users. It is because that they ignore the influence of diverse transition requirements in heterogeneous traffi c. Therefore, a novel Qo S-aware packet scheduling mechanism is proposed to improve transmission quality for secondary users. In this mechanism, a Qo S-based prioritization model is established to address data classification firstly. And then, channel quality and the effect of channel switch are integrated into priority-based packet scheduling mechanism. At last, the simulation is implemented with MATLAB and OPNET. The results show that the proposed scheduling mechanism improves the transmission quality of high-priority secondary users and increase the whole system utilization by 10%.

Common Information Model： A Bus Service for Electric Calculations in AES Eletropaulo

This paper resumes a research project developed in the concession area of AES Eletropaulo, the largest electrical energy distribution company in Brazil. First, the global standards of information exchange within power transmission and distribution area were evaluated, allowing the definition of state of the art on the theme, followed by determining its applications considering technologies already applied by the company. The specifications needed for the generation of a data integration model are adapted to radial overhead network at company concession area. The project developed an intermediary connectivity layer, based on the CIM （common information model）, which enables corporative systems to communicate in a standard way, through the use of integrating technologies. It, therefore, enabled modeling all main subjects of an electrical network in an open, extensible and non-proprietary way, in a model that contains classes and attributes of such subjects, as well as their relationships. Calculation and planning products adopted by the company were integrated to the technological layer implemented.

Service-Oriented Advanced Metering Infrastructure for Smart Grids

Advanced Metering Infrastructure （AMI） enables smart grids to involve power consumers in the business process of power generation transmission, distribution and consumption. However, the participant of consumers challenges the current power systems with system integration and cooperation and security issues. In this paper, the authors introduce a service-oriented approach to AMI aiming at solving the intercommunication problem and meanwhile providing a trust and secure environment for smart grids. In this approach heterogeneous systems expose services to the network. System integration and cooperation are done through service composition. A generic service interfacing method is designed to develop standardized services for heterogeneous power systems. Moreover, role-based access control mechanism is used to guarantee the secure access to smart grids. With the seamless communication between consumers and power systems and among power systems themselves, this service-oriented AMI can associate consumers with actual system workload and furthermore support the intelligent running of power systems.

Study on the Diffusion Performance of Standard E-Government Information Systems

Standard e-government information system(SEIS) including mobile-government applications are playing more and more important roles in the establishing of national e-government framework. It can be beneficial not only for avoiding redundant e-government IS development but also for improving collaboration among government agencies. Two research questions were explored: what are the factors influencing the performance of SEIS? Will mandatory SEIS create a better performance than non-mandatory SEIS? Specifically, the use of five categories of IS aspects--information system quality, online service quality, offline service quality, diffusion modes and standard network size—is proposed to understand the performance of SEIS through applying both survey study and simulation study. The results show that information system quality and online service quality of SEIS have strong effects on users' expectation and users' satisfaction, which thereafter promotes the performance of SEIS. Government agencies' offline service quality shows a significant effect on users' satisfaction while not on users' expectation. Furthermore, the diffusion speed of SEIS in non-mandatory and mandatory modes and the standard network size also have great influence on the utility of SEIS.

Energy Efficient Power Allocation Scheme for Distributed Antenna Systems with Target BER Constraint

The energy efficiency(EE) of distributed antenna system with quality of service(Qo S) requirement is investigated over composite Rayleigh fading channel,where the shadow fading,path loss and Rayleigh fading are all considered. Our aim is to maximize the EE which is defined as the ratio of the transmission rate to the total consumed power subject to the maximum transmit power of each remote antenna constraint and Qo S(target BER) requirement. According to the definition of EE and using the upper bound of average EE,the optimized objective function is provided. Based on this,utilizing Karush-KuhnTucker conditions and numerical calculation,a suboptimal energy efficient power allocation(PA) scheme is developed,and the closedform expression of PA coefficients is derived. The scheme may obtain the EE performance close to the existing optimal scheme. Moreover,it has relatively lower complexity than the existing scheme because only the statistic channel information and less iteration are required. Simulation results show the presented scheme is valid and can meet the target BER requirement,and the EE can be increased as target BER requirement decreases.

Review of Methods to Quantify Trade-offs among Ecosystem Services and Future Model Developments

Ecosystem services are spatially heterogeneous and temporal variability, which results in trade-offs,synergies and neutrality. The trade-off is a key problem in ecosystem management and requires optimized decision-making research. This paper reviews methods for identifying trade-offs and suggest future model developments. We conclude that(1) ecosystem service assessment depends on quantitative indicators and its modeling;(2)scenario analysis, multi-objective analysis and production possibility boundary are an effective means of ecosystem service trade-off decision-making;(3) future research needs to strengthen ecosystem service supply and demand flow and assist decision-making ecosystem mapping. Finally, integrated models should be developed to simulate and diagnose different scenarios and to optimize measures in land and ecosystem management for sustainability.

Enhanced power saving mechanism for supporting multicast services in 802.11 wireless LANs

Traditional 802.11 power saving mechanism (PSM) treats multicast and broadcast traffic equally, and suffers sig-nificant performance degradation with multicast background traffic. This paper proposes an enhanced PSM that effectively dif-ferentiates multicast streams. It re-arranges the virtual bitmap of the traffic indication map (TIM) to carry traffic status for mul-ticast groups and introduces a concept of sequential transmission of multi-addressed data to facilitate differentiation among mul-ticast groups. Our analysis shows that the enhanced PSM can effectively save power in mixed traffic environments.