基于基本医疗服务服务量的县级医院财政补偿方式探讨

县级医院是公立医院改革的重点和突破口。从县级医院财政补偿的现状出发,提出了结合服务总量和单位服务量补偿额度的医院基本医疗服务的财政补偿方式,以图合理弥补县级医院提供基本医疗服务的成本的同时,引导和促进医院的持续发展。

国外医疗服务补偿方式及对我国的启示

医疗服务的补偿方式分为工资支付、按人头收费、按服务项目收费、以病种为基础的补偿制度等。目前,美、德、日等发达国家已经脱离按固定工资或按服务收费的医疗补偿模式,而是采用按照医护人员工作量标准对医疗服务进行补偿,比我国目前实行的按服务项目收费,它更精准地反映了医疗成本,促进医院管理提升,也方便管理层考核医院绩效。通过对国外较为先进的"服务量法"和"以病种为基础的补偿制度(DRGs)"补偿方式进行分析,借鉴其优点,探索适合我国国情的医疗服务补偿方式,对公立医院补偿制度有较为重要的意义。

安徽省卫生总费用实际使用法研究报告

卫生总费用实际使用法是根据消费者所接受的各种卫生服务的数量和成本价格估算卫生总费用的一种测量方法。中国卫生总费用核算小组根据上述原则与方法测算了安徽省1997、1998年卫生总费用。首次介绍了在安徽省应用实际使用法测算卫生总费用的目的、指标体系及其理论依据、测算方法及结果。从卫生总费用的总量及其构成、发展速度等方面与全国卫生总费用相关指标进行了初步对比分析,并提出了有关的建议。

安徽省妇幼卫生费用研究报告

妇幼卫生费用是指妇女儿童为获得妇幼卫生服务所消费的各种费用的总和。为了体现卫生总费用为政策服务的目的,中国卫生总费用核算小组采用服务量法,测算了1997～1999年安徽省妇幼卫生费用。介绍了妇幼卫生费用的测算目的、指标体系及测算方法与结果,并从妇幼卫生费用总量及其构成、妇幼卫生业务收入及其构成、住院分娩费用因素分析等角度对测算结果进行初步分析,并与全国相关指标进行了对比,根据测算结果提出了有关的建议。

MULTI-CLASS TRAFFIC QOS ROUTING FOR LEO SATELLITE NETWORKS

Due to the diversified demands of quality of service（QoS） in volume multimedia application, QoS routings for multiservice are becoming a research hotspot in low earth orbit（LEO） satellite networks. A novel QoS satellite routing algorithm for multi-class traffic is proposed. The goal of the routing algorithm is to provide the distinct QoS for different traffic classes and improve the utilization of network resources. Traffic is classified into three classes and allocated priorities based on their QoS requirements, respectively. A priority queuing mechanism guarantees the algorithm to work better for high-priority classes. In order to control the congestion, a blocking probability analysis model is built up based on the Markov process theory. Finally, according to the classification link-cost metrics, routings for different classes are calculated with the distinct QoS requirments and the status of network resource. Simulations verify the performance of the routing algorithm at different time and in different regions, and results demonstrate that the algorithm has great advantages in terms of the average delay and the blocking probability. Meanwhile, the robustness issue is also discussed.

On service differentiation in mobile Ad Hoc networks

A network model is proposed to support service differentiation for mobile Ad Hoc networks by combining a fully distributed admission control approach and the DIFS based differentiation mechanism of IEEE802.11. It can provide different kinds of QoS (Quality of Service) for various applications. Admission controllers determine a committed bandwidth based on the reserved bandwidth of flows and the source utilization of networks. Packets are marked when entering into networks by markers according to the committed rate. By the mark in the packet header, intermediate nodes handle the received packets in different manners to provide applications with the QoS corresponding to the pre-negotiated profile. Extensive simulation experiments showed that the proposed mechanism can provide QoS guarantee to assured service traffic and increase the channel utilization of networks.

An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Allocation Optimization of Distribution Centers

This paper introduced an integrated allocation model for distribution centers (DCs). The facility cost, inventory cost, transportation cost and service quality were considered in the model. An improved genetic algorithm (IGA) was proposed to solve the problem. The improvement of IGA is based on the idea of adjusting crossover probability and mutation probability. The IGA is supplied by heuristic rules too. The simulation results show that the IGA is better than the standard GA(SGA) in search efficiency and equality.

Application of Structural Equation Modeling to Evaluate Service Quality of Sportswear Retailing

Structural Equation Modeling （SEM） used widely in sociology, economics and psychology is adopted. Based on data obtained from marketing research, and using statistical analysis software SPSSll. 0 and LISRELS. 7, Theory of Five Dimensions of service quality is proved to be suitable in sportswear retailing in China. It analyzes the relationship among five dimensions and puts them in order of importance as to service quality in sportswear retailing. Advices are given for sportswear retail companies to improve their .Service quality and enhance customer loyalty.

Effective multicasting algorithm for dynamic membership with delay constraint

This paper proposes an effective heuristic algorithm The tree constructed by DDMR has the following characteristics： for dynamic multicast routing with delay-constrained DDMR. （1） multicast tree changes with the dynamic memberships; （2） the cost of the tree is as small as possible at each node addition/removal event; （3） all of the path delay meet a fixed delay constraint; （4） minimal perturbation to an existing tree. The proposed algorithm is based on “damage” and “usefulness” concepts proposed in previous work, and has a new parameter bf（Balancing Factor） for judging whether or not to rearrange a tree region when membership changes. Mutation operation in Genetic Algorithm （GA） is also employed to find an attached node for a new adding node. Simulation showed that our algorithm performs well and is better than static heuristic algorithms, in term of cost especially.

Routing Protocol Based on Grover’s Searching Algorithm for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), routing protocols directly affect various indices of network Quality of Service (QoS), so they play an important role in network performance. To address the drawbacks associated with traditional routing protocols in MANETs, such as poor anti-fading performance and slow convergence rate, for basic Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), we propose a new routing model based on Grover's searching algorithm. With this new routing model, each node maintains a node vector function, and all the nodes can obtain a node probability vector using Grover's algorithm, and then select an optimal routing according to node probability. Simulation results show that compared with DSR, this new routing protocol can effectively extend the network lifetime, as well as reduce the network delay and the number of routing hops. It can also significantly improve the anti-jamming capability of the network.

User Feedback Oriented Quality of Experience Management Framework

Recently,Quality of Experience(QoE)has been introduced as a subjective measure of a user’s experience of communication services.QoE was expected to take the place of traditional Quality of Service(QoS)measure in that QoE may express a direct and accurate user experience.In this paper,we propose a QoE management scheme which is based on a user’s simple feedback.We explain the proposed QoE management steps and the dominant reason extraction algorithm to determine the quality-falling instance.We also present a QoE prediction method that will provide an optimal quality management scheme in communication services.Experiments on multimedia streaming service prove the efficiency of the dominant factor extraction algorithm,and the experiment using the QoE prediction method present a very high accuracy.The QoE management scheme proposed in this paper can be generally adapted to any communication services,to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of quality management systems.

A Heuristic Algorithm on QoS Routing

This paper focuses on solving the delay constrained least cost routing problem, and propose a simple, distributed heuristic solution, called distributed recursive delay constrained least cost (DR DCLC) unicast routing algorithm. DR DCLC only requires local information to find the near optimal solution. The correctness of DR DCLC is proued by showing that it is always capable of constructing a loop free delay constrained path within finite time, if such a path exists. Simulation is also used to compare DR DCLC to the optimal DCLC algorithm and other algorithms.

The Establishment of Measurement Model and Implementation Strategy for Service Productivity

As a key factor of economic growth, productivity has been valued in the academic community. Today, with the rapid development of service industry, the research for service productivity has also attracted wide attention. However, in the service industry, because of its own characteristics and properties, measurement of service productivity could not apply for the traditional productivity measurement methods simply. This research first has put out the constitution model of service productivity, and thus put out the measurement model of service productivity. And explains that service productivity is a function which contains internal efficiency, external efficiency, and capacity efficiency. In service productivity, external efficiency is the key one, internal efficie and capacity efficiency should also be given considerations. Eventually, the strategy of implementing measurement of service productivity have been proposed ncy the

QOS-BASED MULTICAST ROUTING OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS FOR INTERNET

Most of the multimedia applications require strict Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantee during the communication between a single source and multiple destinations. The paper mainly presents a QoS Multicast Routing algorithms based on Genetic Algorithm (QMRGA). Simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm is capable of discovering a set of QoS-based near optimized, non-dominated multicast routes within a few iterations, even for the networks environment with uncertain parameters.

PPP： Towards Parallel Protocol Parsing

Network traffic classification plays an important role and benefits many practical network issues,such as Next-Generation Firewalls(NGFW),Quality of Service(QoS),etc.To face the challenges brought by modern high speed networks,many inspiring solutions have been proposed to enhance traffic classification.However,taking many factual network conditions into consideration,e.g.,diversity of network environment,traffic classification methods based on Deep Inspection(DI) technique still occupy the top spot in actual usage.In this paper,we propose a novel classification system employing Deep Inspection technique,aiming to achieve Parallel Protocol Parsing(PPP).We start with an analytical study of the existing popular DI methods,namely,regular expression based methods and protocol parsing based methods.Motivated by their relative merits,we extend traditional protocol parsers to achieve parallel matching,which is the representative merit of regular expression.We build a prototype system,and evaluation results show that significant improvement has been made comparing to existing open-source solutions in terms of both memory usage and throughput.

Dominant AHP as Measuring Method of Values in Service Society

Today, service science provides the authors with a new paradigm, as well as new values, which are able to be co-createa through the supportive efforts of people, facilitated by advanced technologies. Thus, the author, believing that analyzing and interpreting the characteristics and the properties of service science is significant, proves the effectiveness and validity of Dominant AHP as a measuring method of economic and service values in this paper.

Quantitative and qualitative correlation analysis of optimal route discovery for vehicular ad-hoc networks

Vehicular ad-hoc networks （VANETs） are a significant field in the intelligent transportation system （ITS） for improving road security. The interaction among the vehicles is enclosed under VANETs. Many experiments have been performed in the region of VANET improvement. A familiar challenge that occurs is obtaining various constrained quality of service （QoS） metrics. For resolving this issue, this study obtains a cost design for the vehicle routing issue by focusing on the QoS metrics such as collision, travel cost, awareness, and congestion. The awareness of QoS is fuzzified into a price design that comprises the entire cost of routing. As the genetic algorithm （GA） endures from the most significant challenges such as complexity, unassisted issues in mutation, detecting slow convergence, global maxima, multifaceted features under genetic coding, and better fitting, the currently established lion algorithm （LA） is employed. The computation is analyzed by deploying three well-known studies such as cost analysis, convergence analysis, and complexity investigations. A numerical analysis with quantitative outcome has also been studied based on the obtained correlation analysis among various cost functions. It is found that LA performs better than GA with a reduction in complexity and routing cost.

The Effects of Job Security, Features, Personal Values, and Recognition on Organizational Involvement

As extrinsic rewards become very limited under organizational retrenchments, organizations should rely heavily on other types of rewards, such as intrinsic rewards, to improve the performance of those employees who have been overwhelmed with a perception of job insecurity. This paper examines the impact of such perception, along with many other positive influencers such as enhancement in job features, recognition, and the personal values of those employees on the organizational involvement. The data analyzed were based on a sample of 34 employee respondents from a project based engineering and service company （identified as ABC Company in this paper） operating in the Middle East. The adopted research approach is basically a quantitative approach. The correlation and regression analysis tools have been used to explore this relationship. The results of this study suggest a generally unnoticed and disregarded resource that has the prime effect on improving and enhancing the organizational involvement, which is the recognition those employees receive from the management. This research suggests that recognition, as the top influencer, has a strong impact on organizational involvement/psychological attachment for the employees. The other factors that have proved to have the second degree influence on organizational involvement are enhancement in job features, increase in the job security level, and personal values.

AN EFFICIENT SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR INPUT-QUEUED SWITCHES

This letter presents an efficient scheduling algorithm DTRR (Dual-Threshold Round Robin) for input-queued switches. In DTRR, a new matched input and output by round robin in a cell time will be locked by two self-adaptive thresholds whenever the queue length or the wait-time of the head cell in the corresponding Virtual Output Queue (VOQ) exceeds the thresholds. The locked input and output will be matched directly in the succeeding cell time until they are unlocked. By employing queue length and wait-time thresholds which are updated every cell time simultane- ously, DTRR achieves a good tradeoff between the performance and hardware complexity. Simula- tion results indicate that the delay performance of DTRR is competitive compared to other typical scheduling algorithms under various traffic patterns especially under diagonal traffic.

Discussion on Quality Control in Food and Beverage Service

In the service economic age, the hotel service becomes the focus among the hotel. The competition among the hotels is fierce day by day. So, the requirement to the service quality of the guests becomes higher and higher. The service quality of the hotel reflects the comprehensive quality of the hotel management. If a hotel wants to make guests be satisfied, it must pay its best effort.In this paper, the concept and significance of quality management in food and beverage service was first elaborated, and then methods of quality control at different phases are discussed in detail. Finally, some strategies for quality control in food and beverage service are put forward.