“郑成”与“服异”——杜解《春秋》“同盟于幽”经传叙事比析

《左传》庄公十六年以“郑成”解《春秋》此年诸侯之“同盟于幽”,意指此“成”是基于郑国自身利益而为宋、齐、卫、楚等四国交伐之权宜。杜预释此幽之同盟为“服异”,虽未尽左氏“郑成”之实情,却意合庄公二十七年传解第二次幽盟之“郑服”。观郑之由“成”而“服”,左氏以其为异而杜以“同盟”或“会盟”之义例相贯通,两者异中有同而皆映射诸侯图霸。《左传》推崇“以德绥诸侯”并褒奖“救患、分灾、讨罪”之伯行,其或因掺杂“力征”不为王道,却被抟设为回溯王道理想之范型。

Theil Utility Based Multi-Device Cooperation Mechanism for Service Quality Equilibrium in Ubiquitous Stub Environments

An approach to make heterogeneous devices cooperate with each other to provide ubiquitous service remains a longstanding challenge in ubiquitous environments. In addition, when multi-user request ubiquitous services simultaneously, the arbitrariness in resource allocation process easily leads to non-equilibrium of qualities of multiuser's services. Thus, How to design an effective heterogeneous devices cooperation mechanism that meet the QoS requirements and also equilibrate QoS among multi-user's services becomes a very tough problem. In the paper, Equilibrium Index and Theil Utility function are imported to establish a multidevice equilibrium cooperation model, which is benefit for resource allocation in ubiquitous environments. Then a Theil-Equilibrium based Cooperation Mechanism for multi-service is proposed. Firstly, in order to simplify calculating, a dimensionless processing is introduced. After that, a cooperation approach with Theil-Utility Heuristic algorithm is designed to choose the best solution for the simplified model. At last, the mechanism is simulated in a smart home scenario. The simulation results show that this mechanism outperforms non-equilibrium method by improving almost 40% in internal equilibrium with just reducing 0-2% in the total utility ofall the requested ubiquitous services. These data show that the proposed mechanism performs well in equilibrating qualities of multi-user's ubiquitous services.

Anisotropic tensile behavior and related yield point phenomena in annealed ultrafine-grained pure aluminum

It is found that tensile flow curves of samples of annealed ultrafine-grained aluminum AA1090 show the development of a yield point and a significant mechanical anisotropy.To rationalize the anisotropic tensile behavior,the orientation data of the annealed material were measured using electron backscatter microscopy.It is found that the inferior mechanical properties of samples tested at 45°to the rolling direction may be attributed to a strong rolling texture effect and that the anisotropic magnitude of the yield drop may be related to the proportion of grains with soft orientations(defined as those with Schmid factor greater than 0.45)in the sample.Additionally,it is found that the anisotropy in tensile ductility is in general agreement with a Considère criterion analysis and that the mechanical anisotropy in the samples is only partly explained by the crystallographic texture,where microstructural anisotropy may also play a role.

Smart Service System(SSS)：A Novel Architecture Enabling Coordination of Heterogeneous Networking Technologies and Devices for Internet of Things

In Internet of Things(IoT), the devices or terminals are connected with each other, which can be very diverse over the wireless networks. Unfortunately, the current devices are not designed to communicate with the collocated devices which employ different communication technologies. Consequently, the communication between these devices will be realized only by using the gateway nodes. This will cause the inefficient use of wireless resources. Therefore, in this paper, a smart service system(SSS) architecture is proposed, which consists of smart service terminal(SST), and smart service network(SSN), to realize the Io T in a general environment with diverse communication networks, devices, and services. The proposed architecture has the following advantages: i) the devices in this architecture cover multiple types of terminals and sensor-actuator devices; ii) the communications network therein is a converged network, and will coordinate multiple kinds of existing and emerging networks. This converged network offers ubiquitous access for various sensors and terminals; iii) the architecture has services and applications covering all smart service areas. It also provides theadaptability to new services and applications. A SSS architecture-based smart campus system was developed and deployed. Evaluation experiments of the proposed smart campus system demonstrate the SSS's advantages over the existing counterparts, and verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.

Performance Analysis of Integrative QoS Scheme for Routers

This paper proposes an integrative scheme of DiffServ （differentiated service） for the IP-based network. In the scheme, QoS （Quality of Service） is ranked according to the level of both the queuing delay and the drop precedence that base on the relative differentiated service; it does not take the resource reservation problem into consideration for making its implementation more simple and flexible. We will propose an implemented architecture including edge routers and core routers, and the PHB （per-hop-behavior） architecture of the routers is generalized. We adopt ERED （extended random early discard） mechanism for drop precedence and use proportional delay differentiation for queuing delay. In the proportional delay differentiation topic, we propose a new WTP （waiting time priority）-like algorithm. Besides, a new stochastic petri net model of the PHB model is given, and the performance of whole implemented PHB architecture is analyzed, too.

Skin Sensitive Difference of Human Body Sections under Clothing - Multiple Analysis of Skin Surface Temperature Changes

A new researching method on clothing comfort perception is developed.By it the skin surface temperature changes and subjective psychological perception of human body sections stimulated by the same cold stimulation are studied.With the multiple comparison analysis method the changing laws of skin temperature of main human body sections is obtained.

Calibration of anisotropic yield function by introducing plane strain test instead of equi-biaxial tensile test

The equi-biaxial tensile test is often required for parameter identification of anisotropic yield function and it demands thespecial testing technique or device. Instead of the equi-biaxial tensile test, the plane strain test carried out with the traditional uniaxialtesting machine is suggested to provide the experimental data for calibration of anisotropic yield function. This simplified method byusing plane strain test was adopted to identify the parameters of Yld2000-2d yield function for 5xxx aluminum alloy and AlMgSialloy sheets. The predicted results of yield stresses, anisotropic coefficients and yield loci by the proposed method were very similarwith the experimental data and those by the equi-biaxial tensile test. It is validated that the plane strain test is effective to provideexperimental data instead of equi-biaxial tensile test for calibration of Yld2000-2d yield function.

Effect of electropulsing on anisotropy in strength of laser metal deposited Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The effect of electropulsing treatment on microstructure and mechanical strength of laser metal deposited Ti−6Al−4V alloy was investigated in order to eliminate the anisotropy in strength of laser metal deposited Ti−6Al−4V alloy by tensile tests,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,electron back-scattered diffraction analyses and transmission electron microscopy.With increasing applied voltages from 0 to 130 V,the evolution of microstructure within columnarβgrains followed the sequence ofα′martensite→colonyαstructure→basket-weaveαstructure.The electropulsing treated at 130 V weakened the texture of martensite withinβgrains.The as-built Ti−6Al−4V alloy showed an anisotropy in yield strength(6.2%).After processing at 130 V,the anisotropy in yield strength was reduced to 0.6%,which was attributed to the almost equivalent distribution of Schmid factor in the samples deformed along different orientations.

Basic Characteristics,Spatial Disparity and Its Major Influencing Factors of Service Industry in China

Based on the analysis of its basic characteristics, this article investigated the disparities of Chinese service industry among the three regions （the eastern China, the western China and the middle China） and inter-provincial disparities of that in the three regions by Theil coefficient and cluster analysis. Then, major factors influencing its spatial disparity were explored by correlation analysis and regression analysis. The conclusions could be drawn as follows. 1） The development of Chinese service industry experienced three phases since the 1980s： rapid growth period, slow growth period, and recovery period. From the proportion of value-added and employment, its development was obviously on the low level. From the composition of industrial structure, traditional service sectors were dominant, but modem service sectors were lagged. Moreover, its spatial disparity was distinct. 2） The level of Chinese service industry was divided into five basic regional ranks： well-developed, developed, relatively-developed, underdeveloped and undeveloped regions, As a whole, the overall structure of spatial disparity was steady in 1990-2005. But there was notable gradient disparity in the interior structure of service industry among different provinces. Furthermore, the overall disparity expanded rapidly in 1990-2005. The inter-provincial disparity of service industry in the three regions, especially in the eastern China, was bigger than the disparity among the three regions. And 3） the level of economic development, the level of urban development, the scale of market capacity, the level of transportation and telecommunication, and the abundance of human resources were major factors influencing the development of Chinese service industry.

A LIMITED RESOURCE VECTOR LOAD-BALANCING ALGORITHM FOR SOFTSWITCH-BASED HETEROGENEOUS CLUSTERED MEDIA SERVER

Based on the system feature of softswitch-based heterogeneous clustered media server, this paper proposed a limited resource vector load-balancing algorithm. The purpose of the algorithm was to balance the load of clusters by utilizing all system resources effectively and to avoid violent shaking of the system per- formance. A lot of simulations on the Petri net model of load balance system are conducted and the algorithm is compared with some traditional algorithms on balancing ability for heterogeneity, system throughput, re- quest response time and performance stability. The results of simulations show that the algorithm achieves system higher performance and it has excellent ability to deal with the heterogeneity of clustered media server.

Real-time Business Network Selection Based on Auction Mechanism

In the framework of heterogeneous wireless networks,it is difficult for every user to obtain QoS-based services anywhere at any time.Due to heterogeneous networks,the dynamic network selection scheme needs to achieve seamless mobility,and also supports the optimization of service quality and load balancing.According to different business characteristics,this paper describes different real-time businesses in utility functions,and solves network selection problems for real-time businesses.Based on auction mechanism,it introduces the upset price in order to maximize online profits.Meanwhile,the network selection scheme is also helpful to control network congestion.The study of real-time business network selection based on auction mechanism can not only meet the demands of service quality of multiple realtime applications,but also achieves load balancing between different networks.

RSA-based Proxy Signature for Media Independent Handover

This paper proposes an Authentication Interworking Protocol （AIP） based on IEEE 802.21 Medi Independent Handover （MIH） in the heterogeneous networks. The proposed AIP with the RSA-based proxy signature reduces handover delay time and communication message overhead when the mobile node moves between the heterogeneous networks. It defines new AlP Type Length Value （AlP TLV） in MIH frame format and uses the MIH Information Server （MIHIS） for issuing signature. The MIHIS can generate a signature on behalf of the AAA server and then the signature can he used by mobile node for a pre-authentication. For low handover delay, the proposed AIP performs pre-authentication processes with MIP protocol before layer 2 handover. Also, this paper analyses the performance of the handover and compares with the non-secure MIH.

Balancing QoE and Fairness of Heterogeneous Traffics Based on Equivalent Rate Scaling

With great increase of mobile service in recent years,high quality of experience(QoE) is becoming a comprehensive and major goal for service provider.To unify evaluations of different services,mean opinion score(MOS) as a subjective assessment is usually adopted for accurate and convincing reflection of user perceived quality.In this paper,we consider the effect of the burst transmission of best effort(BE) traffic on the uses with real time video traffic in the same cell.We extend the rate scaling process which was initially used to shape burstiness of BE users as interference to handle the scenario that BE users act as resource competitors with video users.A power reallocation strategy between the two types of users is presented and an algorithm further improving the fairness of BE users is proposed.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can not only promote the QoE of both types of users,but also guarantee the fairness among users.

Delay-Differentiated Scheduling in Optical Packet Switches for Cloud Data Centers

We consider differentiated timecritical task scheduling in a N×N input queued optical packet s w itch to ens ure 100% throughput and meet different delay requirements among various modules of data center. Existing schemes either consider slot-by-slot scheduling with queue depth serving as the delay metric or assume that each input-output connection has the same delay bound in the batch scheduling mode. The former scheme neglects the effect of reconfiguration overhead, which may result in crippled system performance, while the latter cannot satisfy users' differentiated Quality of Service(Qo S) requirements. To make up these deficiencies, we propose a new batch scheduling scheme to meet the various portto-port delay requirements in a best-effort manner. Moreover, a speedup is considered to compensate for both the reconfiguration overhead and the unavoidable slots wastage in the switch fabric. With traffic matrix and delay constraint matrix given, this paper proposes two heuristic algorithms Stringent Delay First(SDF) and m-order SDF(m-SDF) to realize the 100% packet switching, while maximizing the delay constraints satisfaction ratio. The performance of our scheme is verified by extensive numerical simulations.

Rate Allocation Scheme for Machine-to-Machine Service Based on 3GPP in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

In this study,an explicit adaptive traffic allocation scheme for Machine-to-Machine(M2M)service is proposed to achieve optimum distribution in heterogeneous networks.Based on the characteristics of M2M services,the presented scheme is formulated as a convex optimization problem that maximises the utility of the M2M service,and then determines how to allocate the total rate among the multiple access networks.The analysis and numerical simulations indicate that the proposed scheme makes a significant improvement in performance compared with the traditional schemes.

Service-Oriented Middleware for Heterogeneous Environment in Intemet of Things

A great number of sensor technologies are applied in the Intemet of Things （loT） currently and more are emerging, which rmkes the loT a heterogeneous network. This paper discusses the convergence and integration problem in IoT. A Service-Oriented Middleware for Heterogeneous Environment （SOMHE） in IoT is proposed. The purpose of the middleware is to shield the differ- ence between protocols in the sensor layers such as Radio Frequency Identification （RFID） and Zig-Bee by defining the data conversion and mapping model. A Web service interface is supplied by this middleware, thus the complexity of high level appli-cation development can be reduced greatly. The feasibility and reliability of this middleware is veri-fied by a demonstration systelTL

A Study on the Cultural Meanings of Qiang’s Traditional Dress and Adornment

Since 2008 when the Wenchuan earthquake occurred, media from different countries and regions across the world reported the earthquake so that a less well-known ethnic group of China, the Qiang ethnic minority, has attracted attention around the world. The Qiang ethnic minority could be dated back to the Shang Dynasty （ca. 1600-1046BC）. The long-standing Qiang culture is an important part of those brilliant Chinese cultures. The Qiang’s traditional dress and adornment is an integral part of the Qiang culture, appreciating unique ethnic characteristics and cultural meanings. Being against the backdrop of promoting cultural diversity nowadays, this paper makes a brief introduction to the Qiang’s traditional dress and adornment and gives an explanation of their rich unique cultural meanings so as to present the Qiang’s traditional dress and adornment to the world, facilitate their going out to the world and communication with other cultures in the world, and enrich the world’s ethnic cultures.

Cooperative wireless networks for better green services

In order to guarantee the overall return on investment (ROI), improve user experience and quality of service (QoS), save energy, reduce electra magnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution, and enable the sustainable deployment of new profitable applications and services in heterogeneous wireless networks coexistence reality, this paper proposes a cross-network cooperation mechanism to effectively share network resources and infrastructures, and then adaptively control and match multi-network energy distribution characteristics according to actual user/service requirements in different geographic areas. Some idle or lightly-loaded base stations (BS or BSs) will be temporally turned off for saving energy and reducing EMI. Initial simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the overall energy efficiency and QoS performance across multiple cooperative wireless networks.

A dynamic programming algorithm for network selection in 3G/WLAN

An essential characteristic of the 4th Generation(4G) wireless networks is integrating various heterogeneous wireless access networks.This paper considers the network selection for both admission and handoff strategy problems in heterogeneous network of 3G/WLAN.A novel dynamic programming algorithm is proposed by taking heterogeneous network characteristics,user mobility and different service types into account.The specificity of our approach is that it puts the situations in a new model and makes decisions in stages of different states.Simulation results validate that the proposed scheme can obtain better new call blocking and handoff dropping probability performance than traditional schemes while ensuring quality-of-services(QoS) for both real-time and data connections.

Comparison of Two Types of Nursing Application in PACU Affect Postoperative Satisfaction

The very key element in quality of nursing care is individualized nursing care. Individual differences among patients in terms of their health, illness, social classes and cultural background which lead to different needs emphasize on providing individualized care. And it is strongly related to postoperative care satisfaction. In fact, it tailored nm,ning activities with unique peculiarity of each patient. Actually, it changes all standardized nursing procedures and activities. We aimed to look into the differences between those two types of nursing application in postanesthesia care unit （PACU）, affect postoperative care satisfaction in the research. Methods： We conducted a prospective control study that included 325 patients ,randomly divided into two groups： Individualized nursing care group and ordinary nursing care group, undergoing general anesthesia. The 2 groups of patients were similar in respect to gender distribution, age, and type of surgery and had been admitted into the PACU after elective surgery. Data was collected by interviewing with patients using Satisfaction Questionnaire （North Health Service Hospital Consumer Assessment Works by and service systems （H C A H P S） in patients over Meaning of the questionnaire Chinese Translation Version ） , after assessing its content validity and reliability with Chronbach＇s alpha method. Using SPSS ver. 17 to analysis data .Results： General information on the two groups were no statistically significant differences （P〉 0. 05）. Individualized nursing care group （98.2%） compared with the ordinary nursing care group satisfaction （92%） significantly increased （P 〈0. 01）. Conclusions： Deployment of individualized nursing care in PACU can significantly improve postoperative satisfaction compared to ordinary nursing care.