二○○六年夏天,经过十年筹建的凯布朗利原始艺术博物馆(Musée du Quai Branly,或译布朗利码头博物馆)终于在紧挨埃菲尔铁塔的塞纳河边显赫落成。而今它已成功地成为人们纷至沓来的度假地。这座由法国总统希拉克提议兴建的大型博物...二○○六年夏天,经过十年筹建的凯布朗利原始艺术博物馆(Musée du Quai Branly,或译布朗利码头博物馆)终于在紧挨埃菲尔铁塔的塞纳河边显赫落成。而今它已成功地成为人们纷至沓来的度假地。这座由法国总统希拉克提议兴建的大型博物馆,也被某些媒体戏称为"展开更多
【Title】【Author】This study was conducted to determine the changes in the soil carbon stocks as influenced by land use in a humid zone of Deylaman district （10,876 ha）, a mountainous region of northern Iran. For t...【Title】【Author】This study was conducted to determine the changes in the soil carbon stocks as influenced by land use in a humid zone of Deylaman district （10,876 ha）, a mountainous region of northern Iran. For this, land use maps were produced from TM and ETM＋ images for 1985, 2000 and 2010 years; and this was supplemented by field measurement of soil carbon in 2010. The results showed that the mean soil organic carbon （SOC） density was 6.7±1.8 kg C m-2, 5.2±3.4 kg C m-2 and 3.2±1.8 kg C m-2 for 0-20 cm soil layer and 4.8±1.9 kg C m-2, 3.1±2 kg C m-2 and 2.7±1.8 kg C m-2 for 20-40 cm soil layer in forest, rangeland and cultivated land, respectively. During the past 25 years, 14.4% of the forest area had been converted to rangeland; and 28.4% of rangelands had been converted to cultivated land. According to the historical land use changes in the study area, the highest loss of SOC stocks resulted from the conversion of the forest to rangeland （0.45×104 Mg C in 0-40 cm depth layer）; and the conversion of rangeland to cultivated land （0.37×104 Mg C in 0-40 cm）, which typically led to the loss of soil carbon in the area studied. The knowledge on the historical land use changes and its influence on overall SOC stocks could be helpful for making management decision for farmers and policy managers in the future, for enhancing the potential of C sequestration in northern Iran.展开更多
文摘巴黎市长Bertrand Delano?在2010年初提出了改造巴黎河岸的设想,在经历了可行性研究,环境影响评估,民意调查等等初期准备之后,项目确立了基本的目标和原则:除了必要的清理,修复,左右两岸都会做一些调整,关闭左岸从奥赛博物馆到布朗利河岸博物馆Musée du Quai Branly之间2.3公里的机动车道,将其改造成文化,休闲,运动,生态为主题的市民活动场所。(这四项主题完全来自于民意调查的结果,诸如轮滑场地,马戏团,咖啡,儿童乐园之类的点子,都具体引用实施。)整个改造项目必须遵循一个首要的原则:可逆性。这就意味着所有的改造必须是临时性的,可快速组装、拆卸、运输的;同时不可以改变机动车道的路面等等基础设施,简言之,就是非常字面的两个字:可逆,一切都要可以退回到从前的样子。这让人想到了舞台,在一场大戏演完后重现空的空间。有趣的是临时性改造在法语里可以称作Scénographie,恰好就是舞台装置术,是城市的舞美。
文摘【Title】【Author】This study was conducted to determine the changes in the soil carbon stocks as influenced by land use in a humid zone of Deylaman district （10,876 ha）, a mountainous region of northern Iran. For this, land use maps were produced from TM and ETM＋ images for 1985, 2000 and 2010 years; and this was supplemented by field measurement of soil carbon in 2010. The results showed that the mean soil organic carbon （SOC） density was 6.7±1.8 kg C m-2, 5.2±3.4 kg C m-2 and 3.2±1.8 kg C m-2 for 0-20 cm soil layer and 4.8±1.9 kg C m-2, 3.1±2 kg C m-2 and 2.7±1.8 kg C m-2 for 20-40 cm soil layer in forest, rangeland and cultivated land, respectively. During the past 25 years, 14.4% of the forest area had been converted to rangeland; and 28.4% of rangelands had been converted to cultivated land. According to the historical land use changes in the study area, the highest loss of SOC stocks resulted from the conversion of the forest to rangeland （0.45×104 Mg C in 0-40 cm depth layer）; and the conversion of rangeland to cultivated land （0.37×104 Mg C in 0-40 cm）, which typically led to the loss of soil carbon in the area studied. The knowledge on the historical land use changes and its influence on overall SOC stocks could be helpful for making management decision for farmers and policy managers in the future, for enhancing the potential of C sequestration in northern Iran.
