In this study, variations in composition and properties of polysaccharides isolated from brown algae Costaria costata were analyzed. The algae were collected from May to July of the harvest period. The carbohydrates a...In this study, variations in composition and properties of polysaccharides isolated from brown algae Costaria costata were analyzed. The algae were collected from May to July of the harvest period. The carbohydrates alginate and fucoidan were extracted with selected solvents. 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance and rheology were used to investigate the monomer composition and rheological characteristics of alginate. Gas chromatography and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the compositional properties of purified fucoidan. The results indicated that the composition and properties of alginate and fucoidan varied during the life of this alga. The alginate from the alga harvested in May and June had a higher molecular weight, viscosity, and proportion of mannuronic acid, whereas that harvested in July had a lower molecular weight and viscosity but a higher proportion of guluroinc acid. The alginate from C. costata had a higher molecular weight and a different mannuronic acid： guluronic acid ratios compared with other algae; thus, it could be used in the chemical, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Fucoidan content reached the maximum in June. Substantial changes in the molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content occurred simultaneously. The fraction of fucose in the polysaccharides decreased significantly from June to July, whereas that of mannose increased. This alga can be harvested during different growth periods to obtain fucoidans and alginates with different compositions and, therefore, with different biological properties.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the grapes as subsidies to the recommendation of new wine grape cultivars for the S^o Francisco Valley. An experiment was carried out in Petrolina, P...This study aimed to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the grapes as subsidies to the recommendation of new wine grape cultivars for the S^o Francisco Valley. An experiment was carried out in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, during four seasons in 2014 and 2015 and the treatments were represented by 10 cultivars and three breeding selections： Grenache, Tempranillo, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Petit Verdot and Syrah for red wines and Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc and breeding selections 46, 14 and 47 for white wines. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates and two useful plants per plot. The following variables were evaluated： sprouting, bud fertility rate, Ravaz index, production, number of clusters, weight, length and width of cluster, weight and volume of 100 berries, soluble solids and titratable acidity. A better balance between production and vigour was obtained in Grenache, Merlot and Tempranillo cultivars, presenting values of 7.56, 6.50 and 5.93, respectively, for Ravaz index. Grenache, Chenin Blanc and Tempranillo were the most productive cultivars with average yields estimated at 10.4, 8.7 and 8.4 ton/ha/season. Selection 14 had longer, wider and less compact clusters, which can reduce clusters rottenness. The percentage of sprouting ranged from 38.13% in selection 14 to 77.6% in cv. Chenin Blanc. The average index of bud fertility was 0.79 cluster/bud, with no significant differences among cultivars. Greater potential for sugar accumulation was found in the selections 14, 46 and 47, while the titratable acidity ranged from 0.63% in cv. Merlot to 0.89% in selection 47. Grenache and Tempranillo have showed potential to obtain adequate yield and balanced vines, while Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Cabemet Sauvignon, Malbec and Petit Verdot presented low yield being necessary to select clones more productive and well adapted to the tropical conditions. Further information about the quality of grapes and wines should be added to these results to allow the recommendation of new cultivars or breeding selections of wine grapes for the Sao Francisco Valley.展开更多
Objective：To evaluate the efficacy of a first aid training course for a group of drivers.Methods：This study comprised 500 drivers,randomly selected from the road transport companies.They underwent a course of first ...Objective：To evaluate the efficacy of a first aid training course for a group of drivers.Methods：This study comprised 500 drivers,randomly selected from the road transport companies.They underwent a course of first aid training and the results were evaluated at 0-3 and 4-6 months after training.Results：Both quantitative and qualitative improvements were observed in the drivers＇ efficacy in giving first aid.Also the rate of correct interventions was higher at 4-6 months than at 0-3 months.The exception was airway management which was not favorably improved after training.Conclusion：The first aid training course for drivers is beneficial and helpful for prehospital care system in road traffic accidents.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program in Shandong Province(No.2016GSF121034)the National Science and Technology Pillar Program in the 12th Five Year Plan of China(No.2015BAD17B02)+1 种基金Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substancesthe Jiangsu Provincial Key R&D Project(No.BE2015335)
文摘In this study, variations in composition and properties of polysaccharides isolated from brown algae Costaria costata were analyzed. The algae were collected from May to July of the harvest period. The carbohydrates alginate and fucoidan were extracted with selected solvents. 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance and rheology were used to investigate the monomer composition and rheological characteristics of alginate. Gas chromatography and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the compositional properties of purified fucoidan. The results indicated that the composition and properties of alginate and fucoidan varied during the life of this alga. The alginate from the alga harvested in May and June had a higher molecular weight, viscosity, and proportion of mannuronic acid, whereas that harvested in July had a lower molecular weight and viscosity but a higher proportion of guluroinc acid. The alginate from C. costata had a higher molecular weight and a different mannuronic acid： guluronic acid ratios compared with other algae; thus, it could be used in the chemical, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Fucoidan content reached the maximum in June. Substantial changes in the molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content occurred simultaneously. The fraction of fucose in the polysaccharides decreased significantly from June to July, whereas that of mannose increased. This alga can be harvested during different growth periods to obtain fucoidans and alginates with different compositions and, therefore, with different biological properties.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the grapes as subsidies to the recommendation of new wine grape cultivars for the S^o Francisco Valley. An experiment was carried out in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, during four seasons in 2014 and 2015 and the treatments were represented by 10 cultivars and three breeding selections： Grenache, Tempranillo, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Petit Verdot and Syrah for red wines and Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc and breeding selections 46, 14 and 47 for white wines. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates and two useful plants per plot. The following variables were evaluated： sprouting, bud fertility rate, Ravaz index, production, number of clusters, weight, length and width of cluster, weight and volume of 100 berries, soluble solids and titratable acidity. A better balance between production and vigour was obtained in Grenache, Merlot and Tempranillo cultivars, presenting values of 7.56, 6.50 and 5.93, respectively, for Ravaz index. Grenache, Chenin Blanc and Tempranillo were the most productive cultivars with average yields estimated at 10.4, 8.7 and 8.4 ton/ha/season. Selection 14 had longer, wider and less compact clusters, which can reduce clusters rottenness. The percentage of sprouting ranged from 38.13% in selection 14 to 77.6% in cv. Chenin Blanc. The average index of bud fertility was 0.79 cluster/bud, with no significant differences among cultivars. Greater potential for sugar accumulation was found in the selections 14, 46 and 47, while the titratable acidity ranged from 0.63% in cv. Merlot to 0.89% in selection 47. Grenache and Tempranillo have showed potential to obtain adequate yield and balanced vines, while Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Cabemet Sauvignon, Malbec and Petit Verdot presented low yield being necessary to select clones more productive and well adapted to the tropical conditions. Further information about the quality of grapes and wines should be added to these results to allow the recommendation of new cultivars or breeding selections of wine grapes for the Sao Francisco Valley.
文摘Objective：To evaluate the efficacy of a first aid training course for a group of drivers.Methods：This study comprised 500 drivers,randomly selected from the road transport companies.They underwent a course of first aid training and the results were evaluated at 0-3 and 4-6 months after training.Results：Both quantitative and qualitative improvements were observed in the drivers＇ efficacy in giving first aid.Also the rate of correct interventions was higher at 4-6 months than at 0-3 months.The exception was airway management which was not favorably improved after training.Conclusion：The first aid training course for drivers is beneficial and helpful for prehospital care system in road traffic accidents.
