优化努力的分配,最小化努力成本和最大化收益是各个领域的关键问题。本文梳理了基于努力的决策(effort-based decision-making)的理论与实证研究,讨论了努力的两面性:固有成本和潜在价值。通过拓展控制期望价值理论(Expected Value of C...优化努力的分配,最小化努力成本和最大化收益是各个领域的关键问题。本文梳理了基于努力的决策(effort-based decision-making)的理论与实证研究,讨论了努力的两面性:固有成本和潜在价值。通过拓展控制期望价值理论(Expected Value of Control,EVC),本研究探讨了影响努力的非社会与社会因素。探索人们何时以及如何付出努力的计算神经机制,有利于理解与促进社会互动中的努力行为,以及为干预精神疾病中动机缺失症状提供参考。展开更多
To study the effects of perceived control on human thermal sensation and thermal comfort in heated environments,a psychological experiment was conducted.In total,24 subjects participated in an experiment.The experimen...To study the effects of perceived control on human thermal sensation and thermal comfort in heated environments,a psychological experiment was conducted.In total,24 subjects participated in an experiment.The experiment consisted of two cases in which the indoor temperature was set at 18℃ with different cold radiation temperatures.The experiment lasted for 120 min and was divided into three phases,adaptation,without perceived control and perceived control.In the second phase,the subjects were told in advance that the indoor temperature could not be adjusted.In the third phase,subjects were told that they could adjust the indoor temperature to meet their own thermal expectations,but the indoor temperature could not actually be changed.The results showed that the effect of perceived control on thermal sensation was related to the thermal expectation.For people with strong expectations for a neutral environment,perceived control improved their thermal sensation by satisfying their thermal expectations.For people with low thermal expectations,perceived control reduced their thermal tolerance to the environment,eventually leading to thermal discomfort.These new findings provide more supports for the importance of psychological effects and a reference for the personal control of heating temperatures.展开更多
Due to the nonlinearity and uncertainty, the precise control of underwater vehicles in some intelligent operations hasn’t been solved very well yet. A novel method of control based on desired state programming was pr...Due to the nonlinearity and uncertainty, the precise control of underwater vehicles in some intelligent operations hasn’t been solved very well yet. A novel method of control based on desired state programming was presented, which used the technique of fuzzy neural network. The structure of fuzzy neural network was constructed according to the moving characters and the back propagation algorithm was deduced. Simulation experiments were conducted on general detection remotely operated vehicle. The results show that there is a great improvement in response and precision over traditional control, and good robustness to the model’s uncertainty and external disturbance, which has theoretical and practical value.展开更多
This paper deals with strong laws of large numbers for sublinear expectation under controlled 1st moment condition. For a sequence of independent random variables,the author obtains a strong law of large numbers under...This paper deals with strong laws of large numbers for sublinear expectation under controlled 1st moment condition. For a sequence of independent random variables,the author obtains a strong law of large numbers under conditions that there is a control random variable whose 1st moment for sublinear expectation is finite. By discussing the relation between sublinear expectation and Choquet expectation, for a sequence of i.i.d random variables, the author illustrates that only the finiteness of uniform 1st moment for sublinear expectation cannot ensure the validity of the strong law of large numbers which in turn reveals that our result does make sense.展开更多
This paper studies the impact of the reference point on a hedger's decision based upon prospect theory and experimental evidence on how prior outcomes affect risky choice. The authors show that in the futures market,...This paper studies the impact of the reference point on a hedger's decision based upon prospect theory and experimental evidence on how prior outcomes affect risky choice. The authors show that in the futures market, a hedger who does not adjust his reference point timely would increase his positions continually as his accumulated losses increase, and finally become a speculator. Numerical simulation results under the normal distribution also lend support to the results. The model can help explain why the hedging behavior of firms turns into speculative activities and can offer some new insights into hedging behavior.展开更多
文摘优化努力的分配,最小化努力成本和最大化收益是各个领域的关键问题。本文梳理了基于努力的决策(effort-based decision-making)的理论与实证研究,讨论了努力的两面性:固有成本和潜在价值。通过拓展控制期望价值理论(Expected Value of Control,EVC),本研究探讨了影响努力的非社会与社会因素。探索人们何时以及如何付出努力的计算神经机制,有利于理解与促进社会互动中的努力行为,以及为干预精神疾病中动机缺失症状提供参考。
基金Project(2018YFC0704500)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period。
文摘To study the effects of perceived control on human thermal sensation and thermal comfort in heated environments,a psychological experiment was conducted.In total,24 subjects participated in an experiment.The experiment consisted of two cases in which the indoor temperature was set at 18℃ with different cold radiation temperatures.The experiment lasted for 120 min and was divided into three phases,adaptation,without perceived control and perceived control.In the second phase,the subjects were told in advance that the indoor temperature could not be adjusted.In the third phase,subjects were told that they could adjust the indoor temperature to meet their own thermal expectations,but the indoor temperature could not actually be changed.The results showed that the effect of perceived control on thermal sensation was related to the thermal expectation.For people with strong expectations for a neutral environment,perceived control improved their thermal sensation by satisfying their thermal expectations.For people with low thermal expectations,perceived control reduced their thermal tolerance to the environment,eventually leading to thermal discomfort.These new findings provide more supports for the importance of psychological effects and a reference for the personal control of heating temperatures.
基金Supported by the National High Technology and Development Program Foundation of China under Grant No. 2002AA420090.
文摘Due to the nonlinearity and uncertainty, the precise control of underwater vehicles in some intelligent operations hasn’t been solved very well yet. A novel method of control based on desired state programming was presented, which used the technique of fuzzy neural network. The structure of fuzzy neural network was constructed according to the moving characters and the back propagation algorithm was deduced. Simulation experiments were conducted on general detection remotely operated vehicle. The results show that there is a great improvement in response and precision over traditional control, and good robustness to the model’s uncertainty and external disturbance, which has theoretical and practical value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11501325,11231005)
文摘This paper deals with strong laws of large numbers for sublinear expectation under controlled 1st moment condition. For a sequence of independent random variables,the author obtains a strong law of large numbers under conditions that there is a control random variable whose 1st moment for sublinear expectation is finite. By discussing the relation between sublinear expectation and Choquet expectation, for a sequence of i.i.d random variables, the author illustrates that only the finiteness of uniform 1st moment for sublinear expectation cannot ensure the validity of the strong law of large numbers which in turn reveals that our result does make sense.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.70221001
文摘This paper studies the impact of the reference point on a hedger's decision based upon prospect theory and experimental evidence on how prior outcomes affect risky choice. The authors show that in the futures market, a hedger who does not adjust his reference point timely would increase his positions continually as his accumulated losses increase, and finally become a speculator. Numerical simulation results under the normal distribution also lend support to the results. The model can help explain why the hedging behavior of firms turns into speculative activities and can offer some new insights into hedging behavior.