The author designs a new indicator residual expectation coefficient to measure the gap of income distribution.The indicator has some advantage by comparing with Gini coefficient and other indicators in some extent.The...The author designs a new indicator residual expectation coefficient to measure the gap of income distribution.The indicator has some advantage by comparing with Gini coefficient and other indicators in some extent.The author reasonably explains the gap of urban residents’ income of Jiangsu Province residual expectation coefficient demonstrates,and thereby forwards some constructive suggestions to control the enlargement of urban residents’ income gap of Jiangsu Province.展开更多
In statistical theory, a statistic that is function of sample observations is used to estimate distribution parameter. This statistic is called unbiased estimate if its expectation is equal to theoretical parameter. P...In statistical theory, a statistic that is function of sample observations is used to estimate distribution parameter. This statistic is called unbiased estimate if its expectation is equal to theoretical parameter. Proving whether or not a statistic is unbiased estimate is very important but this proof may require a lot of efforts when statistic is complicated function. Therefore, this research facilitates this proof by proposing a theorem which states that the expectation of variable x 〉 0 is u if and only if the limit of logarithm expectation of x approaches logarithm of u. In order to make clear of this theorem, the research gives an example of proving correlation coefficient as unbiased estimate by taking advantages of this theorem.展开更多
In this paper, we describe an SIS epidemic model where both the disease transmission rate and treatment function are considered in saturated forms. The dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed. The system is custo...In this paper, we describe an SIS epidemic model where both the disease transmission rate and treatment function are considered in saturated forms. The dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed. The system is customized by considering the disease trans- mission rate and treatment control as fuzzy numbers and then fuzzy expected value of the infected individuals is determined. The fuzzy basic reproduction number is investi- gated and a threshold condition of pathogen is derived at which the system undergoes a backward bifurcation.展开更多
文摘The author designs a new indicator residual expectation coefficient to measure the gap of income distribution.The indicator has some advantage by comparing with Gini coefficient and other indicators in some extent.The author reasonably explains the gap of urban residents’ income of Jiangsu Province residual expectation coefficient demonstrates,and thereby forwards some constructive suggestions to control the enlargement of urban residents’ income gap of Jiangsu Province.
文摘In statistical theory, a statistic that is function of sample observations is used to estimate distribution parameter. This statistic is called unbiased estimate if its expectation is equal to theoretical parameter. Proving whether or not a statistic is unbiased estimate is very important but this proof may require a lot of efforts when statistic is complicated function. Therefore, this research facilitates this proof by proposing a theorem which states that the expectation of variable x 〉 0 is u if and only if the limit of logarithm expectation of x approaches logarithm of u. In order to make clear of this theorem, the research gives an example of proving correlation coefficient as unbiased estimate by taking advantages of this theorem.
文摘In this paper, we describe an SIS epidemic model where both the disease transmission rate and treatment function are considered in saturated forms. The dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed. The system is customized by considering the disease trans- mission rate and treatment control as fuzzy numbers and then fuzzy expected value of the infected individuals is determined. The fuzzy basic reproduction number is investi- gated and a threshold condition of pathogen is derived at which the system undergoes a backward bifurcation.
