柯孜木克颗粒剂对急性逆行性肾盂肾炎大鼠的影响

目的:研究新疆哈萨克民族药柯孜木克颗粒剂对急性逆行性肾盂肾炎的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用一侧输尿管短时间阻塞、膀胱内注射大肠杆菌制作急性逆行性肾盂肾炎大鼠模型,测定大鼠尿B2-微球蛋白(B2-MG)、尿分泌型免疫球蛋白a(sIgA)、血清白介素-10(IL-10)含量,以及做尿、肾组织的细菌学检查。结果:治疗两周后,柯孜木克颗粒剂(1.42、0.71、0.36g/kg)不同剂治疗组大鼠尿B2-MG均比三金片对照组及模型组明显为低,柯孜木克颗粒剂(1.42、0.71、0.36g/kg)不同剂量治疗组血清IL-10、尿sIgA均比三金片对照组及模型组明显为高,肾组织和尿细菌培养结果阳性率明显减少。结论:柯孜木克颗粒剂具有体内抑菌作用和增强机体免疫功能的双重作用。

试论民族识别与归属中的认同问题——以云南克木人、莽人、老品人、八甲人民族归属工作为例

民族识别与归属问题如今仍然是我国民族工作中必须面对的一个敏感而复杂的问题。本文阐述了云南在开展克木人、莽人、老品人和八甲人民族识别与归属工作时,对相关民族政策的把握和对认同问题的重视。本文通过近距离分析、研究和梳理民族识别与归属工作案例,以及研究分析云南在开展这项工作时对政策的把握,揭示民族识别问题的研究及民族识别工作开展的现实意义。

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of ras Promoter from Auricuralia auricular Strain YBS-3

[Objective] The ras promoters were cloned from genomic DNA of Auricuralia auricular so as to provide promoters for breeding better species by genetic technology. [Method] PCR was used to clone promoters with the genomic DNA of A. auricular strain YBS-3 as template,and then the sequences of four ras promoters were obtained. The analysis of promoter sequences was made by three promoter analysis software：Promoter prediction,Place and TFSEARCH ver.1.3. [Result] Four fragments contained core elements of promoter including TATA-box and CAAT-box,and many other important cis-elements such as GATA BOX,GCGC BOX,CCAAT BOX1,etc. At the same time,there was at least one transcriptional start site in these sequences. And several transcription factor binding sites were detected in these sequences. [Conclusion] Four promoter fragments all had promoter function theoretically.

Effect of Rootstocks on Growth, Yield and Bean Quality of Coffea canephora Clones

Coffee cultivation on dry area lately faces more often drought condition because of global warming effect. One effort to solve the problem is by using tolerant clones or varieties as the rootstocks. The aim of this research is to observe influence of BP 308, BP 409, and Exelsa as rootstocks, on growth, yield and bean quality of BP 409, BP 534, BP 936 and BP 939 clones as scions. The research was conducted in Temanggung district of Central Java, Indonesia, using randomized complete block design with 5 replications 10 plants per replication. The result showed that rootstock influenced stem height and number of branches, leaf relative water content （RWC） during dry season, but not stem diameter. BP 308 and BP 409 rootstocks supplied water more than Exelsa, it seem RWC scion on both rootstocks were higher （82.0%） than that of Exelsa （80.0%）. Exelsa rootstock cause scion grow more slowly, so bean yield was lower than on BP 308 and BP 409. Yield accumulation until 4 years old on Exelsa was 55% to BP 308, and 52.2% to BP 409 rootstock. Yield of BP 939/BP 308 and BP 409/BP 409 （scion/rootstock） tend to the highest. Rootstocks did not influence percentage of normal and abnormal beans and the outturns. Bean outturn was more influenced by clones. Exelsa rootstock improves caffeine content, body, astringent and bitterness characters of scion cherries, but decreases fragrance and aroma characters of scion yield. It is concluded that farther taxonomical relationship of rootstock, their influence on scion growth, yield and cup test characters are stronger.

Effect of water extracts of larch on growth of Manchurian walnut seedlings

A study was conducted to detect the effect of water extracts from different parts such as root, bark, branch and leaf, of adult larch, Larix gmelini, trees on growth of Manchurian walnut, Juglans mandshudca, seedlings and the allelopathy between the two tree species. Four concentrations （100 g. kg i, 50 g. kg^-1, 25 g. kg^-1 and 12.5 g. kg^-1） were prepared for each kind of extracts. Result showed that the water extracts with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the growth of collar diameter and increased biomass and root/shoot ratio of walnut seedlings. The water extracts from branches and barks with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the height growth of the seedlings, while those from leaves and roots slightly decreased the height growth of seedlings. The fact that application of water extracts of larch improved the growth of Manchurian walnut attributes possibly to the allelopathy between the two tree species.

Refurbishment of Significant Timber Structures in Slovakia

The paper presents an analysis and a subsequent refurbishment of significant buildings in Slovakia. The analysis focuses on the load-bearing timber roof-structures. There are three sacral objects and one long-span sporting hall presented. The paper tries to introduce the background of difficult refurbishment process. Before the refurbishment, a thorough process of investigation is required This process includes four basic steps. General information about the load-bearing structure is obtained from the geodetic survey that foregoes the process of diagnostic inspection. The diagnostic survey focuses on the defects of the structure, their degree and possible origin. Modem methods of computer modelling help to understand the structural operation and help to find reserves of carrying capacity. Structural analysis should take into account all detected defects and the joint types, which can influence the transfer of forces. The refurbishment project is usually a brief, but clear summary for fulfilling the needs of Monument Board and building process. All the steps require knowledge from different fields and require professional approach.

COMPARISON OF FOUR METHODS TO GENERATE IMMUNOREACTIVE FRAGMENTS OF A MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY OC859 AGAINST HUMAN OVARIAN EPITHELIAL CANCER ANTIGEN

In the present study, four different proteases (pepsin, papain, bromelain and ficin) were screened with a murine monoclonal antibody OC859 , in order to verify whether different digestion procedures could improve yield and stability of the F(ab’)2 or Fab fragments. The yields of F(ab’)2 or Fab fragments from digestion with pepsin, papain , bromelain and ficin were respectively 20. 3+/-2. 0%, 50. 5+/-5. 0%,74. 4+/-2. 7% and 82. 8 +/-10. 2% of the theoretical maximum. Immunoreactivity in a noncompetitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) of the fragments generated by the four proteases were respectively 10+/-5%, 36+/-5%, 60+/-6% and 75+/-6%of the intact OC859 IgG. These results suggested that the fragmentation of OC859 with ficin gave a higher yield of superior immunoreactive fragments.

The Beginnings of Higher Learning and Experimental Research in Brno

This article is written to celebrate the 95th anniversary of Laboratory of Water Management Research, Department of Water Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic. Short trip to the history, a few words about the founder Prof. Smrcek and the laboratory works - education, projects, physical and mathematical modelling today.

Partial Substitution of Cocoa Butter with Processed Shea Butter in Milk Chocolate

Natural cocoa butter is expensive but a major ingredient used for the manufacture of chocolate. The search for alternative cheaper cocoa butter substitute with the similar physical properties, fatty acid and triglyceride content has been proposed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential ofcbeaper and processed （fractionated- or deodorized-） shea butter （FSB or DSB） to partly substitute 5% and 7.5% cocoa butter in chocolate production. The proximate composition, microbiological and sensory qualities, as well as estimated cost of the formulated chocolate products were determined and compared with that of the 100% cocoa butter chocolate as control. Results showed that all the shea butter substituted chocolate samples varying in percentages of incorporation had acceptable proximate composition and microbial quality according to the international standards. Also, there were no significant differences （P 〉 0.05） among all the five samples in terms of flavour, after-taste and texture except for the 7.5% FSB substituted chocolate which differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） from the other samples in terms of overall acceptability, thus 7.5% FSB was less preferred by consumers. FSB is cheaper than DSB based on the world market price quotes. Thus the current study recommends the use of FSB for chocolate confectioneries at 5% substitution rate for cocoa butter could help reduce the cost of chocolate production and increase turnovers.

彼得大帝时期的地缘政治策略

“俄国需要的是水域”——彼得大帝对坎特米尔亲王讲的这句辩驳之词被铭刻在他的传记的扉页上。彼得大帝时代让他焦心焦首的俄国的地缘政治的根本问题是出海口问题。彼得的方方面面活动无不围绕着这一核心目标。并且在具体地区,彼得还根据不同的地缘政治态势采取具体的地缘政治应对策略。本文将具体论述彼得在为争夺波罗的海的出海口而进行的北方大战中、及在向东方的扩张中采取的地缘政治策略。

“红楼梦是镜花缘”——金克木对《红楼梦》的解读

金克木先生是博通群学的智慧型学者。他常以《红楼梦》为例,在其论著中研讨读书方法、探讨小说艺术,形成了大量的解读《红楼梦》及红学的评说。金先生虽非红学家,但这些论述颇具《红楼梦》研究的经典性与红学史的价值。金先生在撰写和评点《旧巢痕》时,《红楼梦》又是他艺术的源泉。我们总结、考察他对《红楼梦》的解读与运用,不仅有益于红学研究,亦有益于加深我们对金克木学术方法及成果特色的理解。

Hydrological changes and settlement migrations in the Keriya River delta in central Tarim Basin ca. 2.7–1.6 ka BP: Inferred from ^(14)C and OSL chronology

Over one hundred artifacts, including shards, chopped wood, bronze and iron ware debris as well as footprints, have been discovered during archaeological investigations at and around the central Taklamakan Desert Yuansha Site (38°52′N, 81°35′E). Dating (14C and OSL) and landform study show that the present-day dry Keriya River once sustained an oasis human settle- ment in 2.6 ka BP, historically falling into the Spring and Autumn Period (716-475 BCE) of Chinese history. The chronology and archaeological interpretations also show that some 400 years later, the local Keriya River channel had shifted 40 km southeast to sustain a Western Han (206 BCE-25 CE) Wumi settlement at the Karadun site. In the meantime, river-channel migration had allowed reoccupation of a site west of Yuansha City around 1.9 ka BP (abandoned again by 1.6 ka BP). The remains' chronology shows that this site was affiliated to Wumi culture and Eastern Han (24-220 CE) dynasty rule. Palaeoclimatic records indicate that the migrations of the river and oasis settlers between 2.7 and 1.6 ka BP were coeval with Central Asian climate changes. Yuansha City was built just after the end of 2.8 ka BP glacier advances in western China, suggesting that release of more water during the subsequent glacier recession may have facilitated oasis development such that Iron Age European peoples could settle in the Tarim Basin. As shown from analysis of archeological remains, not only at Yuansha but also in other ancient cities in the Tarim such as Loulan and Jingjue (Niya), conditions around 1.6 ka BP were dry enough to cause oasis decline. Thus, the results reported here enhance our knowledge about environmental changes and their effects on human activities and cultural evolution in western China and will stimulate further interdisciplinary studies of landscape and oasis history in the Tarim Basin.

Enactments of Identity in the New Zealand Short Story

New Zealand, as a nation, has been in existence for less than two cen- turies-whether one dates its assumption of sovereignty to the 1835 Declaration of Independence by the Confederation of United Tribes, the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi between Maori and the British Crown, or its attainment of Dominion status in 1907. The question of a separate cultural identity for this post-colonial, multi-cultural country has therefore always been a complex one, and one which has had a strong influence on much of our artistic expression to date： particularly, perhaps because of its inherent tendency towards the self-analysis only really possible within language, literature. The fact that our most famous locally born writer to date, Katherine Mansfield, specialised in the short story has certainly helped to establish that as a vital genre here. This paper accordingly takes four successive anthologies of local short fiction--Frank Sargeson＇s Speaking for Ourselves （1945）, Michael Morris- sey＇s The New Fiction （1985）, Warwick Bennett and Patrick Hudson＇s Rutherford＇s Dreams （1995）, and Tina Shaw and Jack Ross＇s Myth of the twenty-firstCentury （2006）--and attempts to characterise their respective, overlapping visions of New Zealand identity by conducting a close reading of a representative story from each of them. The essay concludes with a call for a new anthology which might attempt to give expression to this series of gradual erosions of our initial cultural certainties into something more adequate to the realities of our place in the world, both geo- graphically and culturally.