In this literature review, the Academia, a forest machine industry collaboration is considered, which has been a cornerstone of innovation for sustainable energy production in the Finnish forest sector. The approach h...In this literature review, the Academia, a forest machine industry collaboration is considered, which has been a cornerstone of innovation for sustainable energy production in the Finnish forest sector. The approach has been a significant means of achieving economic growth to Joensuu, an East Finnish university town of almost 73,500 inhabitants that is located near the Finland-Russia border and approximately 430 kilometers from Finland＇s capital city, Helsinki. Over 70% of the world＇s high-tech forest harvesters are made in Eastern Finland for energy wood harvesting of renewable forests. Annually, over 1,000 harvesters are manufactured in John Deere＇s machine factory in Joensuu. The amount comprises one third of the total amount of known annual harvester manufacture. A harvester costs from 300,000 euros to 400,000 euros. Therefore, the collaborators, regard the activities as significant green business turnover to the region and Joensuu is now a globally recognized brand among wood procurement professionals. Additionally, the Joensuu region is the Finnish center of the Nordic forest machine cluster and education. In this paper, the author will present two examples of fruitful development projects for energy wood harvesting in sustainable energy production.展开更多
We established a three-dimensional finite element model of the Anninghe-Zemuhe-Xiaojiang faults region using contact surfaces of different sizes to describe the spatial segmentation characteristics of the faults. Our ...We established a three-dimensional finite element model of the Anninghe-Zemuhe-Xiaojiang faults region using contact surfaces of different sizes to describe the spatial segmentation characteristics of the faults. Our model is based on constraints from GPS observations, models of the crust and upper mantle, precise earthquake locations, the tectonic stress field, the slip rate of the faults, and the rheology of the lithosphere in the Sichuan-Yunnan area. Considering the influence of strong earthquakes since A.D. 1327, we analyzed the main controlling factors of the characteristics of the strong earthquakes and also studied by numerical simulation the possible areas of future earthquake risk and their relationship with tectonic stress. The numerical results showed that the gravitational potential energy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the interaction of adjacent blocks are the main kinetic factors affecting the characteristics of the tectonic stress distribution. There appears to be some correspondence between the distribution of tectonic stress and the b value; however, we also found that some low b value locations correspond to regions of lower stress. This contradiction may be the result of some comprehensive factors, such as the release of strain energy caused by strong earthquakes.展开更多
文摘In this literature review, the Academia, a forest machine industry collaboration is considered, which has been a cornerstone of innovation for sustainable energy production in the Finnish forest sector. The approach has been a significant means of achieving economic growth to Joensuu, an East Finnish university town of almost 73,500 inhabitants that is located near the Finland-Russia border and approximately 430 kilometers from Finland＇s capital city, Helsinki. Over 70% of the world＇s high-tech forest harvesters are made in Eastern Finland for energy wood harvesting of renewable forests. Annually, over 1,000 harvesters are manufactured in John Deere＇s machine factory in Joensuu. The amount comprises one third of the total amount of known annual harvester manufacture. A harvester costs from 300,000 euros to 400,000 euros. Therefore, the collaborators, regard the activities as significant green business turnover to the region and Joensuu is now a globally recognized brand among wood procurement professionals. Additionally, the Joensuu region is the Finnish center of the Nordic forest machine cluster and education. In this paper, the author will present two examples of fruitful development projects for energy wood harvesting in sustainable energy production.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2012BAK15B01)China National Special Fund for Earthquake Scientific Research in Public Interest(Grant Nos.201008001 and 201308011)+1 种基金the"Basic Science Research Plan"of the Institute of Earthquake ScienceChina Earthquake Administration(Grant No.DQJB12C08)
文摘We established a three-dimensional finite element model of the Anninghe-Zemuhe-Xiaojiang faults region using contact surfaces of different sizes to describe the spatial segmentation characteristics of the faults. Our model is based on constraints from GPS observations, models of the crust and upper mantle, precise earthquake locations, the tectonic stress field, the slip rate of the faults, and the rheology of the lithosphere in the Sichuan-Yunnan area. Considering the influence of strong earthquakes since A.D. 1327, we analyzed the main controlling factors of the characteristics of the strong earthquakes and also studied by numerical simulation the possible areas of future earthquake risk and their relationship with tectonic stress. The numerical results showed that the gravitational potential energy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the interaction of adjacent blocks are the main kinetic factors affecting the characteristics of the tectonic stress distribution. There appears to be some correspondence between the distribution of tectonic stress and the b value; however, we also found that some low b value locations correspond to regions of lower stress. This contradiction may be the result of some comprehensive factors, such as the release of strain energy caused by strong earthquakes.
