浅谈平衡木基本功训练

平衡木是一项在高器械上表现难度技巧与艺术美的项目,是女子体操项目中最难比赛的项目。由于其器械特点决定了基本功训练方法的特殊性,基本功的好坏对成套技术的"格"起到重要的定位作用。在基本功训练中要重视培养运动员的木感,时空感,静态和动态的控制力,手倒立的控制力、起跳和落木的控制力。训练中要根据运动员的个体差异因材施教,采取多种多样的方法和手段,最后达到使运动员的身体与木溶为一体,使木成为身体的一部位而不可分开。达到这一境地,运动员才可能在训练和比赛中表现出勇敢、果断的品质,才能在比赛中建立起制胜的信心。

Effect of Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by supercritical CO_2 extraction on Chinese fir

Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology ofsupercritical CO_2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyzeallelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed thatas to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were themost important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO_2 and ethanolmixed with CO_2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicalsextracted by ethanol mixed with CO_2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than thatextracted by pure CO_2.

Assessment of degraded mattoral land using remote sensing im-agery in Guadalteba Area,Spain

Natural land cover information is important for analysing and understanding of the current terrestrial situation, especially in the study area that is facing the environmental deteriorating increasingly. The study combined the remote sensing Aster data and ground truth to improve 2001 land cover map of Guadalteba area in Spain, and increased the accuracy from 47% to 70%. The general land cover map produced about the Guadalteba study area outlines the distribution of the vegetation type and the current natural land cover in the area. Based on this improved general land cover map, the natural cover map gave an indication of the present location of nature and agriculture areas. The shrub land degradation map identified location of various shrub/matorral areas and different levels of degradation. The further analysis and discussion were done. The output maps indicated that much of the natural cover mostly dominated by formations of shrubs has been changed to agriculture and other land uses. It is observed that shrubland covers a small percentage, approximately 9% of the study area, due to land degradation in most parts caused by human interfere. Keywords Accuracy assessment - Aster - Land cover map - Matorral degradation map - Remote Sensing CLC number S757.3 Document code A Foundation item: This paper was partly sponsored by NFP (Netherlands Feliowship Program) and National Strategic Project “Environmentally Sound Forest Management Techniques and Models in Natural Forest in Northeast China” (2001BA510B0702) respectively.Biography: XING Yan-qiu (1970-), female, Lecturer, in College of Engi neering and technology Northeast Forestry University. Harbin 150040. P. R. ChinaResponsible editor: Song Funan

Improvement of the efficacy of influenza vaccination (H5N1) in chicken by using extract of Cochinchina momordica seed (ECMS)

Seeds of a Chinese traditional medicine plant, Cochinchina momordica were used in the present study for the improvement of influenza vaccine （HSN 1） in chicken. Crude extraction from Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS） was obtained by ethanol extraction method. In experiment No. 1, two weeks old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine （HSN1） alone or combined with ECMS （5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/dose）. Serum IgG antibody levels （by ELISA） as well as effects on dally weight gain were measured on 0, 7, 14 and 28th day after immunization. Results revealed that all ECMS groups numerically increased the antibody levels while 10 and 20 μg/dose groups significantly （P〈0.05） enhanced total IgG antibody on day 28, when compared with control. Average daily weight gain was also significantly higher in 20 μg/dose ECMS group. Adjuvant effect was also confirmed in experiment No. 2 when chickens were immunized with 20 μg/dose ECMS and antibody titer was measured through hemagglutination inhibition （HI）. It is concluded that ECMS has potential to improve the immune responses and deserve further study as an adjuvant.

敕木山感赋

一见敕山顿感寒，高峰莫测晚阳残。足登绝顶摸明月，身在云中自觉宽。

Genistein sensitizes ovarian carcinoma cells to chemotherapy by switching the cell cycle progression in vitro

Objective:To address how genistein sensitizes the chemotherapy-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells and promotes apoptosis in the respect of cell cycle and the regulation of survivin expression in the process.Methods:Ovarian SKOV-3 carcinoma cell line was treated with genistein or cisplatin either alone or in combination.Cell viability was showed by MTT method.Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.Survivin mRNA and protein were revealed by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry,respectively.Results:Genistein could reduce the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner,while cisplatin did so at a much higher level.In contrast,if the two agents were treated in combination,half growth inhibition(IC50) value for cisplatin was reduced remarkably and the effect was synergistic as analyzed by isobologram.In particular,the reduced cell viability was exhibited by a switch in cell cycle progression,as the cells were arrested in G2/M phase and the G0/G1 phase-fraction was significantly decreased.The reduced cell viability appeared to involve apoptosis,based on our results from flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining.In the meanwhile,genistein performed the inhibitory effect on cisplatin-induced survivin expression.Conclusion:Genistein can sensitize ovarian carcinoma cells to cisplatin therapy with the inhibition of survivin expression as the potential mechanism.

Analysis of ecological effects of comprehensive treatment in the Tarim River Basin using remote sensing data

Based on multi-type,multi-temporal remote sensing data,we have monitored recent changes in cultivated land use and vegetation,in sandy areas and salinized desertification in the Green Corridor zone of the main channel of the Tarim River Basin.The results of our investigation show that the ecological environment in the Green Corridor of the main channel of the Tarim River Basin has conspicuously improved from 2002 to 2004.These improvements show up largely in such aspects as an increase in the rate of vegetation cover,a reduction in desertification land areas and a weakening in the intensity of sandy and the salinized land.On the other hand,the cultivated area in the Tarim River Basin significantly increased from 2002 to 2004.The rate of growth in cultivated areas during this period was significantly higher than that from 1999 to 2002.The increase in the use of irrigation resulting from the substantial increase in cultivated areas has a long-term potential restraining effect on the restoration of ecological functions of the Tarim River.

Comparison of modelled-and remote sensing-derived daily snow line altitudes at Ulugh Muztagh,northern Tibetan Plateau

The ice cap Ulugh Muztagh in the central Kunlun Shan at the northern fringe of the Tibetan Plateau is a very isolated region with arid cold conditions. No observational, meteorological or glaciological ground truth data is available. Using the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) Level 1 radiance Swath Data(MOD02QKM) with a spatial resolution of 250 m, transient snow lines during the months of July to September in 2001 to 2014 are derived. Results are used to calibrate the physical based Coupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and Mass balance model(COSIMA). The model runs on a representative detail region of Ulugh Muztagh(UM) on a digital elevation model with the same spatial resolution as the MODIS bands. In the absence of field observations, the model is driven solely by dynamically downscaled global analysis data from the High Asia Refined analysis(HAR). We compare remote sensing derived and modelled mean regional transient snow line altitudes in the course of consecutive summer seasons in 2008 to 2010. The resulting snow line altitude(SLA) and annual equilibrium line altitude(ELA) proxy of both methods coincide very well in their interannual variability in accordance with interannual variability of climatic conditions. Since SLAs of both methods do notconsistently agree on a daily basis a usage of remote sensing derived SLAs for model calibration in the absence of field observation data is only limitedly feasible for daily analysis. ELA approximation using the highest SLA at the end of ablation period may not be applied to UM because the negative winter mass balance(MB) is not reflected in the summer SLA. The study reveals moderate negative MB for UM throughout the modelling period. The mean regional MB of UM accounts for-523±410 mm w.e. a-1 in the modelling period. Hence UM seems not to belong to the area of the ‘Karakorum anomaly' comprising a region of positive mass balances in recent years which has its centre presumably in the Western Kunlun Shan.

Influence of Quince Rootstocks on Entomosporium Leaf Spot （Entomosporium mespili） Susceptibility in European Pear cv. Abate Fetel

Entomosporium leaf spot （ELS） is caused by the fungus Fabraea maculata （anamorph： Entomosporium mespili） and affects most pear cultivars and quince rootstocks in Brazil. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of Adams, EMA and EMC quince rootstocks on ELS in European pear cultivar ＂Abate Fetel＂ in Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season. The incidence and severity of disease was quantified weekly in 100 randomly leaves distributed in four medium-height branches per plant with eight replications. Disease progress curves of ELS were constructed and the epidemics compared according to： （1） the beginning of symptoms appearance （BSA）; （2） the time to reach the maximum disease incidence and severity （TRMDI and TRMDS）; （3） area under the incidence and severity disease progress curve （AUIDPC and AUSDPC）. The data were analyzed by linear regression and adjusted for three empirical models： Logistic, Monomolecular and Gompertz. The Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated was susceptible to E. mespili. However, there were significant differences in ELS intensity among rootstocks evaluated. The highest ELS intensities were observed in combinations with EMA and Adams quince rootstock. Abate Fetel cultivar grafted on EMC quince rootstock showed all epidemiological variables results significantly different when compared with EMA quince rootstock. EMC quince rootstock induced late resistance compared with the other considerated rootstocks. The Logistic model was the most appropriates to describe the ELS progress of Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated in the edafoclimatic conditions of Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season.

Seed-hoarding of Edward＇s long-tailed rats Leopoldamys edwardsi in response to weevil infestation in cork oak Quer- cus variabilis

Seed hoarders show different hoarding and eating responses towards insect-infested seeds that can affect the fitness of both the seeds and insects. It remains unclear how seed hoarders adopt different strategies in eating and hoarding infested seeds with and without larvae concealed inside. Here we investigated hoarding and eating responses of Edward＇s long-tailed rats Leo- poldamys edwardsi （scatter hoarders） to weevil infestation of cork oak Quercus variabilis seeds within outdoor enclosures. We provided sound seeds, larvae-emerged seeds, （infested seeds where larvae have emerged） and larvae-concealed seeds （infested seeds with larvae concealed inside） to subjects independently （each seed type presented separately） and in pairwise combina- tions （sound and larvae-emerged seeds; sound and larvae-concealed seeds）. We found that L. edwardsi removed, scatter hoarded and ate fewer larvae-emerged seeds than sound seeds. No difference was found between sound seeds and larvae-concealed seeds. These results suggest that sound and larvae-concealed seeds are more favored by L. edwardsi than larvae-emerged seeds. We posit that not only plants but also insects may benefit from the behavioral responses of hoarders to seed infestation under natural conditions

Molecular characterization and infectivity of Papaya leaf curl China virus infecting tomato in China

Papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNV) was previously reported as a distinct begomovirus infecting papaya in southern China. Based on molecular diagnostic survey, 13 PaLCuCNV isolates were obtained from tomato plants showing leaf curl symptoms in Henan and Guangxi Provinces of China. Complete nucleotide sequences of 5 representative isolates (AJ558116, AJ558117, AJ704604, FN256260, and FN297834) were determined to be 2738–2751 nucleotides, which share 91.7%–97.9% sequence identities with PaLCuCNV isolate G2 (AJ558123). DNA-β was not found to be associated with PaLCuCNV isolates. To investigate the infectivity of PaLCuCNV, an in-fectious clone of PaLCuCNV-[CN:HeNZM1] was constructed and agro-inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum Samsun, N. glutinosa, Solanum lycopersicum and Petunia hybrida plants, which induced severe leaf curling and crinkling symptoms in these plants. Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated a systemic infection of test plants by the agro-infectious clone.

The β-alanyl-monoamine synthase ebony is regulated by schizophrenia susceptibility gene dysbindin in Drosophila

The Drosophila homolog of schizophrenia susceptibility gene dysbindin(Ddysb)affects a range of behaviors through regulation of multiple neurotransmitter signals,including dopamine activity.To gain insights into mechanisms underlying Ddysb-dependent regulation of dopamine signal,we investigated interaction between Ddysb and Ebony,the Drosophilaβ-alanyl-monoamine synthase involved in dopamine recycling.We found that Ddysb was capable of regulating expression of Ebony in a bi-directional manner and its subcellular distribution.Such regulation is confined to glial cells.The expression level of ebony and its accumulation in glial soma depend positively on Ddysb activity,whereas its distribution in glial processes is bound to be reduced in response to any alterations of Ddysb from the normal control level,either an increase or decrease.An optimal binding ratio between Dysb and Ebony might contribute to such non-linear effects.Thus,Ddysb-dependent regulation of Ebony could be one of the mechanisms that mediate dopamine signal.