This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber...This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber architecture.The Qing′s grand style timber structure, which is ready for prefabrication and assembly, is extremely hierarchical oriented and significantly standardized. The general procedure in designing a grand style timber structure is to start with the grade that defines the basic module (dou kou); next comes with the number of bracket set (cuan), the number of longitudinal bays and the number of purlins which affect its plan and cross section; thirdly choose a roof type that determines its longitudinal section and the facade as well. A series of formulae are conducted to help depict the layout, cross sectional roof curvature and special longitudinal treatments in 4 sloped and 9 spined roofs respectively.展开更多
The penetration modeling of an adhesive into the fiber requires the measurement of various properties of resin and fiber： the resin viscosity, its surface tension, the penetration depth and the timber pore radius. Th...The penetration modeling of an adhesive into the fiber requires the measurement of various properties of resin and fiber： the resin viscosity, its surface tension, the penetration depth and the timber pore radius. This study is based on the screening technique that identifies the factors sensed by the experimenter. In order to determine the optimum processing conditions and find the combination of parameters that maximize the productivity in the experimental phase, a geometric illustration of the response has been made. The results are： the pores radius （4 μm）, surface tension （62.5 mN/m）, depth （10 μm） and viscosity （2,000 Cp）.展开更多
This study was concerned on the influence of cooking liquor parameters i.e. active alkali （AA） and sulfidity, on the properties of pulp produced from Thai bamboo by means of multivariate analysis. The investigated p...This study was concerned on the influence of cooking liquor parameters i.e. active alkali （AA） and sulfidity, on the properties of pulp produced from Thai bamboo by means of multivariate analysis. The investigated pulp properties were cooking yield and viscosity. The experiments were performed according to a face centered cube experimental design. Then, multiple linear regression （MLR） of independent and dependent variables were conducted with SPSS software using least square method. In order to optimize process, Pareto-Optimality method was employed. The obtained regression models were characterized by both descriptive and predictive ability （R^2 ≥ 95% and Rcv^2 ≥ 93%） and allowed the kraft pulping process with an acceptable viscosity （ 1110- 1 190 ml/g） and a total yield about 50% at a sulfidity level of 20-30% with 18% AA. Results indicated that high sulfidity at a lower AA could get high viscosity and relatively low kappa number for pulps. Also oxygen delignification was studied in this research.展开更多
文摘This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber architecture.The Qing′s grand style timber structure, which is ready for prefabrication and assembly, is extremely hierarchical oriented and significantly standardized. The general procedure in designing a grand style timber structure is to start with the grade that defines the basic module (dou kou); next comes with the number of bracket set (cuan), the number of longitudinal bays and the number of purlins which affect its plan and cross section; thirdly choose a roof type that determines its longitudinal section and the facade as well. A series of formulae are conducted to help depict the layout, cross sectional roof curvature and special longitudinal treatments in 4 sloped and 9 spined roofs respectively.
文摘The penetration modeling of an adhesive into the fiber requires the measurement of various properties of resin and fiber： the resin viscosity, its surface tension, the penetration depth and the timber pore radius. This study is based on the screening technique that identifies the factors sensed by the experimenter. In order to determine the optimum processing conditions and find the combination of parameters that maximize the productivity in the experimental phase, a geometric illustration of the response has been made. The results are： the pores radius （4 μm）, surface tension （62.5 mN/m）, depth （10 μm） and viscosity （2,000 Cp）.
文摘This study was concerned on the influence of cooking liquor parameters i.e. active alkali （AA） and sulfidity, on the properties of pulp produced from Thai bamboo by means of multivariate analysis. The investigated pulp properties were cooking yield and viscosity. The experiments were performed according to a face centered cube experimental design. Then, multiple linear regression （MLR） of independent and dependent variables were conducted with SPSS software using least square method. In order to optimize process, Pareto-Optimality method was employed. The obtained regression models were characterized by both descriptive and predictive ability （R^2 ≥ 95% and Rcv^2 ≥ 93%） and allowed the kraft pulping process with an acceptable viscosity （ 1110- 1 190 ml/g） and a total yield about 50% at a sulfidity level of 20-30% with 18% AA. Results indicated that high sulfidity at a lower AA could get high viscosity and relatively low kappa number for pulps. Also oxygen delignification was studied in this research.
