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木粒基质保藏木生菌菌种的研究 被引量:1
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作者 黄玉中 《食用菌》 北大核心 1995年第6期12-12,共1页
目前常用的食用菌菌种斜面4℃冰箱保藏法,在反复移植培养中,菌种的遗传特性易发生改变,并易污染。液氮超低温保藏是长期保藏的有效方法,但需特殊的设备和昂贵的液氮费用。笔者自70年代开始,用木粒基质培养基4℃冰箱保藏木生菌菌种的研究... 目前常用的食用菌菌种斜面4℃冰箱保藏法,在反复移植培养中,菌种的遗传特性易发生改变,并易污染。液氮超低温保藏是长期保藏的有效方法,但需特殊的设备和昂贵的液氮费用。笔者自70年代开始,用木粒基质培养基4℃冰箱保藏木生菌菌种的研究,获得了良好的效果并运用于生产,现将结果报道如下: 一、材料与方法 (一)供试菌种 香菇L7401,木耳Au781,灵芝G01,金针菇F001,侧耳PL001,猴头H22。 (二)培养基制作 ①试验配方为木粒70%,常规木屑培养基30%。按每1000g干木屑培养基中加磷酸二氢钾3g、硫酸镁1.5g、维生素B_110mg。②本粒取桦木韧皮部制成5×5×5mm、晒干备用。制作时用本粒重1.5倍的各含1. 展开更多
关键词 木生菌 木粒基质 保藏 食用
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金沙江木生淡水丝孢菌资源调查
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作者 李文丽 沈洪苇 +3 位作者 章艳玫 阮清雄 周期山 苏鸿雁 《大理大学学报》 CAS 2018年第12期92-97,共6页
目的:了解金沙江高海拔段木生淡水丝孢菌的多样性特征及群落组成。方法:从金沙江(石鼓镇-白马雪山段,海拔:1 814~3 034 m)采集腐木标本200份,保湿培养1~2周后对木生淡水丝孢菌进行分离纯化,基于形态学及分子生物学方法对木生淡水丝孢... 目的:了解金沙江高海拔段木生淡水丝孢菌的多样性特征及群落组成。方法:从金沙江(石鼓镇-白马雪山段,海拔:1 814~3 034 m)采集腐木标本200份,保湿培养1~2周后对木生淡水丝孢菌进行分离纯化,基于形态学及分子生物学方法对木生淡水丝孢菌分类鉴定。结果:共分离得到55株淡水丝孢菌,鉴定出23属37种,其多样性指数为3.48,其中Minimelanolocus、Stachybotrys、Bactrodesmium属真菌出现的频率相对较高;海拔1 800~1 900 m、1 900~2 000 m、2 000~3 000 m以及3 000 m以上的木生淡水丝孢菌多样性指数依次为2.07、2.01、1.57、1.50。结论:(1)金沙江高海拔段(1 814~3 034 m)木生淡水丝孢菌多样性丰富;(2)在高海拔段随着海拔的升高,木生淡水丝孢菌的多样性逐渐降低。 展开更多
关键词 金沙江 多样性 形态学 木生淡水丝孢
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木霉菌在园艺植物上的应用研究进展 被引量:10
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作者 陈伯清 屈海泳 刘连妹 《安徽农业科学》 CAS 北大核心 2008年第12期4960-4963,共4页
木霉是一种重要的生防因子,已成功地用于多种植物真菌病害的生物防治。从木霉菌的抑菌作用机理、诱导抗病性、促进植物生长、转基因工程等方面的研究进展进行综述,并对今后的研究进行展望。
关键词 木霉 园艺植物 生物防治 研究进展
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内蒙古樟子松林黏菌资源报道 被引量:8
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作者 朱鹤 李姝 +3 位作者 宋晓霞 赵雨霁 王琦 李玉 《东北林业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2013年第1期124-128,共5页
对采自内蒙古樟子松林的286份黏菌标本和从湿室培养获得的15份黏菌标本进行了分类鉴定,报道了内蒙古樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv.)林的黏菌45种,分别隶属于5目7科18属,其中19种为内蒙古新记录种。白面钙丝菌(Badhamia p... 对采自内蒙古樟子松林的286份黏菌标本和从湿室培养获得的15份黏菌标本进行了分类鉴定,报道了内蒙古樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv.)林的黏菌45种,分别隶属于5目7科18属,其中19种为内蒙古新记录种。白面钙丝菌(Badhamia panicea)和木生发网菌(Stemonitis lignicola)为大陆首次报道,并对二者的形态特征进行了描述和讨论。 展开更多
关键词 樟子松林 内蒙古新纪录种 白面钙丝 木生发网
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羊年可发展的珍稀菌蕈
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作者 丁湖广 《农家科技》 2003年第4期31-32,共2页
1.金福菇。又称洛巴伊口蘑、大口蘑,属于高温型草生菌。以稻草、棉秆、玉米芯、甘蔗渣、野草、棉籽壳为原料,通过堆制发酵,采用野外畦床铺料播种,覆土栽培。最适温度:菌丝25~30℃,子实体20~28℃,春季接种,60天左右出菇,生产周期130天... 1.金福菇。又称洛巴伊口蘑、大口蘑,属于高温型草生菌。以稻草、棉秆、玉米芯、甘蔗渣、野草、棉籽壳为原料,通过堆制发酵,采用野外畦床铺料播种,覆土栽培。最适温度:菌丝25~30℃,子实体20~28℃,春季接种,60天左右出菇,生产周期130天。一次接种,当年收完。产品保鲜或切片加工。 2.秀珍菇。又名环柄斗菇、袖珍菇、黄白侧耳,属于中温型木生菌。春秋两季栽培,以棉籽壳、杂木屑等为主要原料,室内外袋栽。最适温度: 展开更多
关键词 棉籽壳 最适温度 子实体 生产周期 杂木屑 玉米芯 木生菌 覆土栽培 出菇
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羊年推荐发展的16种珍稀菌蕈
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作者 丁湖广 《福建农业》 2003年第1期20-21,共2页
一、金福菇。又称洛巴伊口蘑、大口蘑,属于高温型草生菌。以稻草、棉秆、玉米芯、甘蔗渣、野草、棉籽壳为原料,通过堆制发酵,采用野外畦床铺料播种,覆土栽培。最适温度:菌丝25~30℃,子实体20—28℃,春季接种,60天左右出菇,生产周期130... 一、金福菇。又称洛巴伊口蘑、大口蘑,属于高温型草生菌。以稻草、棉秆、玉米芯、甘蔗渣、野草、棉籽壳为原料,通过堆制发酵,采用野外畦床铺料播种,覆土栽培。最适温度:菌丝25~30℃,子实体20—28℃,春季接种,60天左右出菇,生产周期130天。一次接种,当年收完,生物转化率80%—100%。产品保鲜或切片加工,内外销均可。 展开更多
关键词 生物转化率 生产周期 子实体 杂木屑 出菇 产菇 袋栽 覆土栽培 棉籽壳 木生菌
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木耳考述 被引量:1
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作者 陈守常 《农业考古》 1993年第1期164-165,167,共3页
木耳,食用和药用的历史源远流长。在我国,被人们誉为“素中之荤”的木耳,作为家常烹饪上的佳馔,尤为人民所熟悉和喜爱。朽木生菌古时,木耳释名颇多,有檽(耳的异体字)(《神农本草经》)、木檽(《证类本草》)、木菌、木蛾、木(土从)(《本... 木耳,食用和药用的历史源远流长。在我国,被人们誉为“素中之荤”的木耳,作为家常烹饪上的佳馔,尤为人民所熟悉和喜爱。朽木生菌古时,木耳释名颇多,有檽(耳的异体字)(《神农本草经》)、木檽(《证类本草》)、木菌、木蛾、木(土从)(《本草纲目》)、树鸡(《韩昌黎集》)。“曰耳曰蛾,象形也。曰檽,以软湿者佳也。曰鸡曰棕,因味似也,南楚人谓鸡为(土从)。曰菌,犹也,亦象形也”(《本草纲目》)。远在公元六世纪三十年,后魏农学家贾思勰在《齐民要术》(公元528—549年)这部古农学专著中。 展开更多
关键词 木耳属 本草纲目 神农本草经 齐民要术 三十年 证类本草 异体字 木生菌 农学家 药用
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Impacts of Irrigation with Reclaimed Water on Endophytic Bacteria in Chinese Cabbage in Urumqi City 被引量:1
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作者 陈治江 师秋菊 陈晓 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2012年第11期2355-2357,共3页
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of agricultural irri- gation with reclaimed water in Urumqi City. [Method] Chinese cabbages were used as experimental materials and irrigated with control wa... [Objective] This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of agricultural irri- gation with reclaimed water in Urumqi City. [Method] Chinese cabbages were used as experimental materials and irrigated with control water, 50% reclaimed water and 100% reclaimed water, and then the number of endophytic bacteria in Chinese cab- bages was measured. [Result] Using 50% reclaimed water, the fresh weight of Chi- nese cabbage was improved by 68.94%; however, with the deepening internalization of exogenous microorganism internalization, the total number of endophytic bacteria and coliform flock in Chinese cabbages treated with 50% reclaimed water was sig- nificantly higher than the other two treatment groups (P〈0.05). [Conclusion] Re- claimed water enhances both the weight of Chinese cabbage and the number of endophytic bacteria, which is unsuitable for irrigation of edible crops such as Chi- nese cabbage. Strengthening disinfection during the process of sewerage treatment could solve this problem. 展开更多
关键词 URUMQI Reclaimed water Chinese cabbage Endophytic bacteria
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Inhibition of Chlamydospore Germination and Mycelial Growth of Trichoderma spp. by Chemical Fungicides 被引量:2
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作者 张林 蒋细良 +2 位作者 杨晓燕 李梅 陈书华 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第7期1494-1499,共6页
For exploring the influences of application and residue of chemical fungi- cides on chlamydospore preparations of Trichoderma spp., the effects of seven chemical fungicides on chlamydospore germination and mycelia gro... For exploring the influences of application and residue of chemical fungi- cides on chlamydospore preparations of Trichoderma spp., the effects of seven chemical fungicides on chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of two bio- control fungi T. harzianum 610 and T. Iongibrachiatum 758 were studied. Carben- dazim, tebuconazole and difenoconazole showed strong toxicities, thiram and car- bexin showed moderate toxicities, and metalaxyl showed Mycelia growth of the two strains was more sensitive to most tested fungicides than those of chlamydospore germination. Chlamydospore germination of 610 was more sensitive to tested fungicides than those of 758, and mycelia growth of 758 was more sensitive to most tested fungi- cides than those of 610. Among the seven fungicides, 98% carbendazim had the strongest effects (ECru values were 1.64 and 0.05μpg/ml), and 70% pentachloroni- trobenzene had the weakest effects (EC50 values were 1.64 and 0,05 μg/ml) for chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of 610. As for 758, 98% carbendaz- im had the strongest inhibitory effects and 95% metalaxyl had the weakest inhibitory for chlamydospore germination of 756 (EC50 values were 0.62 and 1 108.61 μg/ml respectively), whereas 96.2% tebuconazole showed the strongest inhibitory effects for mycelia growth of 758 (EC= value was 0.32μg/ml), and 95% metalaxyl was the weakest (EC= value was 1 206.29 μg/ml). According to the applied concentration of different fungicides in practice, we concluded that chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 could not be combined with carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiram and carboxin for controlling plant diseases, and the pesticide residues to the biocontrol effects should be kept in mind. Chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 can be and difenoconazole for controlling plant dis- eases, 758 chlamydospore preparations and germinated chlamydospore of 610 can be combined with metalaxyl for controlling plant diseases, and pesticide residue risk was not serious. 展开更多
关键词 Chemical fungicide INHIBITION Trichoderma spp: Chlamydospore germi- nation Mycelia growth
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银耳栽培难技术是关键
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作者 丁湖广 《农村实用科技信息》 2004年第5期20-20,共1页
在众多食用菌中,银耳是较“娇气”的种类之一。它的生长周期仅35~40天,9米×4米的菇房按年栽4次共1.2万袋计,获利超万元,但因其栽培技术性强,稍有失误就遭失败。因此,必须掌握银耳生物学特性及栽培技术要决,才能立于不败之地。一... 在众多食用菌中,银耳是较“娇气”的种类之一。它的生长周期仅35~40天,9米×4米的菇房按年栽4次共1.2万袋计,获利超万元,但因其栽培技术性强,稍有失误就遭失败。因此,必须掌握银耳生物学特性及栽培技术要决,才能立于不败之地。一、银耳生理特性银耳属于中温型木生菌。是由银耳菌丝和一种称为“耳友菌”或称“伴生菌”的绒毛状香灰菌丝构成的一个组合系。这两种菌丝在生理生态上有着较大的差异,银耳菌丝是白色,耳大菌丝前期白色逐渐转为黑色。银耳菌丝能直接利用简单的碳水化合物,但对纤维素、半纤素和木质等。 展开更多
关键词 栽培技术 银耳栽培 耳友 生理特性 生物学特性 食用 银耳属 木生菌 香灰 子实体
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Inoculation of Loquat Endophytic Trichoderma Strain P3.9 into Loquat Rhizosphere Soil and Its Effect on Quantity of Indigenous Fungi 被引量:1
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作者 LU Hai-ju CHEN Dan +2 位作者 XIE Xin-yue WANG Yan ZHANG Rong-rong 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2020年第1期48-52,共5页
In order to explore whether the endophytic Trichoderma strain P3.9 of loquat has an adverse effect on indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil, the quantitative change of aboriginal fungi is determined by dish dilu... In order to explore whether the endophytic Trichoderma strain P3.9 of loquat has an adverse effect on indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil, the quantitative change of aboriginal fungi is determined by dish dilution and plate colony-counting method with time changing in one season. The results showed that after the inoculation of endophytic Trichoderma strain P3.9, the total number of indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil had an obviously downward trend in contrast with the control which was without inoculation. For treatment groups, 5~60 d after inoculation, the number of indigenous fungi showed a cyclic upward-downward trend at a 10-d interval except for the insignificant changes from 35 to 40 d;60~90 d after inoculation, the upward-downward trend repeated at a 30-d interval. For the control group, the number of indigenous fungi first presented a downward-upward trend every 15 d during the period of 5~50 d, and then an upward-downward trend from the period of 50~70 d and the 75~85 d, and lastly continuous growth from 85 to 90 d;particularly, it did not vary greatly from 70 to 75 d. In general, the quantity of indigenous fungi is unstable in the control group which fluctuates more significantly than in the treatment group. The number of indigenous fungi in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The Trichoderma strain P3.9 can inhibit indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil effectively. 展开更多
关键词 LOQUAT Endophytic Trichoderma P3.9 strain Indigenous fungus Root rot
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Applications of Trichoderma formulations in crop protection 被引量:1
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作者 Monte E Rodríguez A +5 位作者 Rey M Azpilicueta A Gómez M I de la Via G Grondona I Llobell A 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第4期410-410,共1页
The choice of active Trichoderma strains is important in designing effective and safe biocontrol applications. Many species of Trichoderma have multiple strategies for fungal antagonism and indirect effects on plant h... The choice of active Trichoderma strains is important in designing effective and safe biocontrol applications. Many species of Trichoderma have multiple strategies for fungal antagonism and indirect effects on plant health, such as growth promotion, systemic resistance induction and fertility improvements. Some strains are powerful antibiotic producers, and their suitability for use in biocontrol systems must be carefully assessed. However, many other active strains have no antibiotic capacity, and these are likely to be more useful in food production systems since they have not adverse effects on important groups of beneficial soil organisms. We have assessed the performance of selected naturally occurring Trichoderma strains (singly and in combination) and developed TUSAL, a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride that has demonstrated to be effective against major pathogens in sugar beet and horticulture. TUSAL, has been bulked up and tested under field conditions, showing positive effects on precocity and root development, and increasing the crop production in field trials carried out in different pathosystems. The environmental impact of TUSAL strains on beneficial organisms in the environment were assessed before release, and molecular detection methods were developed to monitor the presence and performance of strains in the field. In addition, Trichoderma protein extracts with high glucanase and chitinase activities, have also been obtained from wild type strains and their effectiveness as biofungicides was tested in laboratory and field conditions, defining the concentration of protein necessary to produce fungicide effects. The genes coding for protein production were introduced into suitable organisms for large-scale production in the laboratory, never released to the environment. The effect of these novel biofungicide proteins was studied separately and synergistically with Trichoderma conidia, and with minimal doses of chemical fungicides. Suitable active Trichoderma strains are being registered in the EU by the company NBT. Both Trichoderma strains and proteins are included in formulations patented as biocontrol agents. 展开更多
关键词 BIOCONTROL TUSAL Trichoderma formulations Trichoderma proteins
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The Trichoderma-plant interaction is mediated by avirulence proteins produced by this fungus 被引量:1
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作者 Ruocco M Lanzuise S +9 位作者 Woo S L Ambrosino P Marra R Turrà D Gigante S Formisano E Scala F Kip N P J G M de Wit Lorito M 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第4期422-422,共1页
The molecular basis of Trichoderma -plant interaction is very complex and still not completely understood. The colonization of the root system by rhizosphere competent strains of Trichoderma results in increased devel... The molecular basis of Trichoderma -plant interaction is very complex and still not completely understood. The colonization of the root system by rhizosphere competent strains of Trichoderma results in increased development of root/aerial systems, in improved yields and in plant disease control. Other beneficial effects, such as the induction of plant systemic resistance, have also been described. To understand the mechanisms involved we are using different approaches, including the making of transformants expressing genes that encode for compounds able to affect plant response to pathogens. Trichoderma transformants carrying the avirulence gene Avr4 from Cladosporium fulvum under the control of constitutive and inducible promoters were obtained and tested on tomato plants having the Cf4 resistance gene. Necrosis and suberification zones, similar to the symptoms appearing during Cladosporium-tomato interaction, were found when the roots of the Cf4 plants were treated with Avr4-Trichoderma. This demonstrates that selected Trichoderma strains are able to transfer to the plant molecules that may deeply affect metabolism, disease resistance etc. Therefore, these beneficial fungi can be regarded as biotechnological tools to provide a variety of crops with useful compounds. Moreover, in in vitro competition assays the transformants were found to be more effective as antagonists against Alternaria alternata than the wild type. Trichoderma sends a variety of biochemical signals to the plants including avirulence molecules; therefore the presence of avr-like proteins in the fungus proteome was investigated. Proteome analysis has permitted us to isolate and sequence many proteins potentially having this function. From the extracellular protein extracts, we have purified and sequenced a protein with structural characteristics similar to Avr4 of C. fulvum. The protein, Hytra1, was found to be a hydrophobin with chitin binding activity, the typical 8 cysteine residues, and 4 disulfide bridges. Infiltrations of the extracellular protein fractions containing Hytra1 resulted in a strong HR reaction on tobacco and tomato leaves, and induction of a novel phytoalexin. 展开更多
关键词 systemic resistance Avr4 biochemical signals
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Mycorrhizoremediation—an enhanced form of phytoremediation 被引量:2
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作者 KHAN Abdul G. 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第7期503-514,共12页
Study of plant roots and the diversity of soil micro biota, such as bacteria, fungi and microfauna associated with them, is important for understanding the ecological complexities between diverse plants, microbes, soi... Study of plant roots and the diversity of soil micro biota, such as bacteria, fungi and microfauna associated with them, is important for understanding the ecological complexities between diverse plants, microbes, soil and climates and their role in phytoremediation of contaminated soils. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are universal and ubiquitous rhizosphere mi-croflora forming symbiosis with plant roots and acting as biofertilizers, bioprotactants, and biodegraders. In addition to AMF, soils also contain various antagonistic and beneficial bacteria such as root pathogens, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including free-living and symbiotic N-fixers, and mycorrhiza helping bacteria. Their potential role in phytoremediation of heavy metal (HM) contaminated soils and water is becoming evident although there is need to completely understand the ecological complexities of the plant-microbe-soil interactions and their better exploitation as consortia in remediation strategies employed for contaminated soils. These multitrophic root microbial associations deserve multi-disciplinary investigations using molecular, biochemical, and physiological techniques. Ecosystem restoration of heavy metal contaminated soils practices need to incorporate microbial bio-technology research and development. This review highlights the ecological complexity and diversity of plant-microbe-soil combinations, particularly AM and provides an overview on the recent developments in this area. It also discusses the role AMF play in phytorestoration of HM contaminated soils, i.e. mycorrhizoremediation. 展开更多
关键词 PHYTOREMEDIATION Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) Mycorrhizoremediation Mycorrhiza helping bacteria Ecosystem restoration Phytorestoration Heavy metal (HM)
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Functional genomic approach to the study of biodiversitywithin Trichoderma 被引量:1
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作者 Monte E Hermosa M R +5 位作者 González F J Rey M Cardoza R E Gutiérrez S Delgado Jarana J Llobell A 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第4期453-453,共1页
Trichoderma is a fungal genus of great and demonstrable biotechnological value, but its genome is poorly surveyed compared with other model microorganisms. Due to their ubiquity and rapid substrate colonization, Trich... Trichoderma is a fungal genus of great and demonstrable biotechnological value, but its genome is poorly surveyed compared with other model microorganisms. Due to their ubiquity and rapid substrate colonization, Trichoderma species have been widely used as biocontrol organisms for agriculture, and their enzyme systems are widely used in industry. Therefore, there is a clear interest to explore beyond the phenotype to exploit the underlying genetic systems using functional genomics tools. The great diversity of species within the Trichoderma genus, the absence of optimized systems for its exploration, and the great variety of genes expressed under a wide range of ambient conditions are the main challenges to consider when starting a comprehensive functional genomics study. An initial project started by three Spanish groups has been extended into the project TRICHOEST, funded by the EU (FP5, QLRT-2001-02032) to target the transcriptome analysis of selected Trichoderma strains with biocontrol potential, in conditions related to antagonism, nutrient stress and plant interactions. Once specific conditions were defined, cDNA libraries were produced and used for EST sequencing. Nine strains from seven Trichoderma species have been considered in this study and an important amount of gene sequence data has been generated, analyzed and used to compare the gene expression in different strains. In parallel to sequencing, genomic expression studies were carried out by means of macro-arrays to identify genes expressed in specific conditions. In silico analysis of DNA sequencing data together with macro-array expression results have lead to a selection based on the potential use of the gene sequences. The selected clone sequences were completed and cloned in appropriate vectors to initiate functional analysis by means of expression studies in homologous and heterologous systems. 展开更多
关键词 functional genomics PROTEOMICS Trichoest
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Biology and Control of Papaya Mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) Using Herbal Oils 被引量:1
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作者 D. B. Kalaniyangoda M. R. Y. Saumyapali L. C. Hewage 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2011年第4X期484-488,共5页
As it was rear to find out detailed description, a study on biology and control measures ofP. marginatus was carried out at National Plant Quarantine Service, Katunayake Sri Lanka. Average length and width of differen... As it was rear to find out detailed description, a study on biology and control measures ofP. marginatus was carried out at National Plant Quarantine Service, Katunayake Sri Lanka. Average length and width of different stages, number of eggs in an egg sac, hatchability rate and duration of life cycle were studied. Control measures were tested using herbal oils and it was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with six replicates. Experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions under 28 ±2℃ and 70% RH. Range of length and width of different life stages revealed that, egg 0.3-0.1 mm ×0.15-0.10 mm, 1st instar 0.4-0.2 mm × 0.20-0.10 mm, 2nd instar 0.6-0.5 mm × 0.29-0.20 mm, 3rd instar male 0.8-0.5 mm × 0.30-0.20 mm, 3rd instar female 0.7-0.5 mm × 0.29-0.20 mm, adult male 0.9-0.7 mm× 0.20-0.10 mm and adult female 2.8-1.9 mm × 1.40-0.80 mm. A range of 100-200 eggs were in an ovisac and hatchability rate was 76-80%. Twenty to twenty-four days were taken to complete their life cycle. Cinnamon and Neem oil in cooperated with Surfactant and Kerosene oil could be effectively used as potential chemical agents for control of P. marginatus. 展开更多
关键词 HATCHABILITY herbal oil ovisac papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus.
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Sequence analysis of rDNA intergenic spacer region (IGS) as a tool for phylogenetic studies in Trichoderma spp.
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作者 Mercatelli Elisabetta Pecchia Susanna +1 位作者 Ciliegi Sandro Vannacci Giovanni 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第4期460-461,共2页
Different from ribosomal genes, which contain highly conserved sequences that are detected in all organisms, the intergenic spacer of rDNA (IGS) appears to be the most rapidly-evolving spacer region. For this reason w... Different from ribosomal genes, which contain highly conserved sequences that are detected in all organisms, the intergenic spacer of rDNA (IGS) appears to be the most rapidly-evolving spacer region. For this reason we tested this region for phylogenetic studies. This report focuses on the study of IGS sequences of isolates belonging to Trichoderma section (T. viride, T. koningii, T. hamatum, T. erinaceus, T. asperellum) and Pachybasium section (T. harzianum, T. crassum, T. fasciculatum, T. oblongisporum, T. virens). Using the primer pair 28STD and CNS1, the Fast Start Taq DNA Polymerase (Roche), and a three temperature PCR protocol, products ranging from ca 1900 to 2400 bp were obtained from all tested isolates. The PCR product of 16 Trichoderma spp. isolates was cloned into a pGEM-TEeasy Vector (Promega) and sequenced. Based on a BLAST search we can conclude that the PCR product represents the whole IGS region. Multiple alignments of IGS sequences revealed two portions with different homology level. Portion A (ca 1660 bp) is the portion that contains 3’ end of 28S gene and is the more variable, while portion B (ca 830 bp), that contains the 3’ end of IGS region and the 5’ end of 18S gene, is the less variable. Comparing all sequences in region A 705 identical pairs occur out of 1704 total nucleotides (41.4%), while in region B identical pairs were 723 out of 832 total nucleotides (86.9%) . Sequence comparison of the two regions at intraspecific level (where it was possible) showed higher variability in region A (0.17%-6.8%) than in region B (0.0%-1.0%) . At interspecific level, performing all possible comparisons, the variability of region A (19.5%-52.7%) and B (0.8%- 16.9%). were significantly higher. Comparing sequences of species belonging to Trichoderma section variability of the two regions appears reduced if compared with that obtained from comparisons of species belonging to Pachybasium section. On the basis of sequence alignment, phylogenetic trees were obtained either with entire IGS, with region A, and with region B. Results of this analysis revealed that all isolates belonging to Trichoderma section grouped separately from isolates belonging to Pachybasium section. IGS region allowed us to group species according to their taxonomic position. The topology of the tree did not change substantially, varying in genetic distance only. Performing a GenBank search sequences representing the final portion of the IGS region of other fungal species were found, and we carried out a multiple alignment using also our sequences of Trichoderma spp. and Diaporthe helianthi. The phylogeny inferred from sequence alignment matched the generally accepted morphology-based classification and was identical to other molecular schemes at high taxonomic level. Data analysis was useful in establishing a broad-scale phylogeny of Ascomycota and was also useful in sorting them into statistically-supported clades. The tree showed that Trichoderma occurred in a well-supported terminal subclade of a larger clade that also contained other genera belonging to Hypocreales order. Sequence analysis of the Trichoderma spp. IGS region allowed us to design a specific PCR primer that was successfully used to amplify region A. The new reverse primer LCR2, that recognize all Trichoderma isolates, was identified in region B and confirmed for its specificity on the DNA of fungi belonging to other Ascomycota genera. Results obtained showed that IGS region seems to be an interesting and versatile tool for phylogenetic analysis, for resolving some taxonomic problems and for constructing specific primer useful for different purposes. 展开更多
关键词 IGS RDNA sequences Trichoderma spp. PHYLOGENY
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Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Plant Growth and Phthalic Ester Degradation in Two Contaminated Soils 被引量:8
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作者 CHENRui-Rui YINRui LINXian-Gui CAOZhi-Hong 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第2期263-269,共7页
A 60-day pot experiment was carried out using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a typical organic pollutant phthalic ester and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) as the host plant to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorr... A 60-day pot experiment was carried out using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a typical organic pollutant phthalic ester and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) as the host plant to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth and degradation of DEHP in two contaminated soils, a yellow-brown soil and a red soil. The air-dried soils were uniformly sprayed with different concentrations of DEHP, inoculated or left uninoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, and planted with… 展开更多
关键词 arbuscular mycorrhizae phthalic ester degradation plant growth soil pollution
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Biocontrol Endotherapy with Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against Phytophthora spp.: A Comparative Study with Phosphite Treatment on Quercus robur and Fagus sylvatica
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作者 Gilles Berger Katarzyna Czarnocka +2 位作者 Bastien Cochard Tomasz Oszako Francois Lefort 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2015年第6期428-439,共12页
Phytophthora species are particularly aggressive plant pathogens and are often associated with the decline of many tree species, including oak and beech. Several fungi and bacteria species are known as potential antag... Phytophthora species are particularly aggressive plant pathogens and are often associated with the decline of many tree species, including oak and beech. Several fungi and bacteria species are known as potential antagonists usable as biological control agents. Phosphonate (H3PO3), commonly branded as phosphite, has also been used in the past years to protect trees against invasive Phytophthora spp.. This study aimed at comparing the effects of selected antagonist microorganisms and phosphonate, when applied by microinjection or leaf treatment. Antagonistic species were first selected for their high inhibitory activity against problematic Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora cactorum, P. quercina and P. plurivora attacking Quercus robur and Fagus sylvatica in Polish forests. Three endophytic species Trichoderma atroviride (two strains), T. harzianum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens showed a high control activity, and their efficacy was then assessed in comparison with a phosphonate treatment. Two application methods were experimented in this study: injection of a solution of spores or phosphonate into the sap vessels of beech or a foliar treatment on oak. Phosphonate and two strains of Trichoderma significantly reduced the necrotic area on oak leaves inoculated with P. plurivora and one strain of T. atroviride significantly reduced necrotic areas on beech branches. These results are therefore promising of a novel way to control Phytophthora spp. in forest stands and nurseries. 展开更多
关键词 Phytophthora spp. endotherapy TRICHODERMA Bacillus sp. endophytes.
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Factors that contribute to the mycoparasitism stimulus in Trichoderma atroviride. strain P1
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作者 Woo S L Formisano E +7 位作者 Fogliano V Cosenza C Mauro A Turrà D Soriente I Ferraioli S Scala F Lorito M 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第4期421-421,共1页
Trichoderma atroviride strain P1 has been used extensively to study the mycoparasitic mechanisms in the interaction between plant pathogenic host and beneficial antagonistic fungi. Mutants of P1 containing the green f... Trichoderma atroviride strain P1 has been used extensively to study the mycoparasitic mechanisms in the interaction between plant pathogenic host and beneficial antagonistic fungi. Mutants of P1 containing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) or glucose oxidase (gox) reporter systems and different inducible promoters (from the exochitinase nag1 gene, or the endochitinase ech42 gene of P1) were used to determine the factors that activate the biocontrol gene expression cascade in the antagonist. The following compounds were tested singly and in various combinations: purified Trichoderma P1 enzymes (endochitinase, exochitinase, chitobiosidase, glucanase); antagonist culture filtrates (T. atroviride P1 wild-type and relative knock-out mutants, T. harzianum, T. reesei); pathogen culture filtrates (Botrytis, Pythium, Rhizoctonia); purified fungal cell walls (CWs) from Trichoderma, Botrytis, Pythium, Rhizoctonia; colloidal crab shell chitin; and plant extracts from cucumber leaves, stems or roots. Strong induction of mycoparasitism was found with the various digestion products produced by treating fungal CWs and colloidal chitin with purified enzymes or fungal culture filtrates. Filtrates from chitinase knock-out mutants, as well as CWs from Oomycetes fungi, were less active in producing the stimulus for mycoparasitism. The host CW digestion products were separated by molecular weight (MW) to determine which compounds were able to activate Trichoderma. Micromolecules of MW less than 3 kDa were found to trigger mycoparasitism gene expression before physical contact with the host pathogen. These compounds stimulated mycelial growth and spore germination of the antagonist. Purification of these host-derived compounds was conducted by HPLC and in vivo assay. The obtained inducers were able to stimulate both the production of endochitinase and exochitinase enzymes, even under repressing conditions in the presence of glucose. Inducers stimulated the biocontrol effect of P1 in the presence of host fungi. The disease symptom development on bean leaves inoculated with Botrytis and Trichoderma spores was clearly reduced by the addition of the inducers, unless these molecules were not specifically inactivated. Finally, purified inducers added to liquid cultures of T. atroviride P1 stimulated the production of low MW antibiotics and metabolites which inhibited Botrytis spore germination. Mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS) of the inducers indicated the presence of hexose oligomers, like cellobiose, while MS/MS analysis by selective fragmentation of peaks in the spectrum demonstrated the presence of at least three distinct compounds that were biologically active. 展开更多
关键词 fungal cell walls hydrolytic enzymes mycoparasitism inducers
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