绚丽多姿 独具特色——建瓯杉木瘤根雕艺术初析

杉木瘤是根雕艺术中常用的材料。福建建瓯市有丰富的极木资源，每年国家计划内采伐量达30多万立方米，大量伐根废弃山间，其中相当部分根蔸长瘤。根雕作者利用杉木瘤的特性施以不同技法使杉木瘤在根雕艺术中大放光彩，成为以根养根、发展建瓯根雕事业的创业支柱和特色艺术。

濒危植物瘤果三宝木的种群及繁殖特性研究

2012年通过对狭域特有植物瘤果三宝木的分布、群落、个体生长及繁殖特征进行了调查，据此分析其濒危原因，并进行了扦插试验。结果表明，瘤果三宝木分布区域十分狭窄，集中分布在海拔470—500m的元江干热河谷普漂段1km范围内；花单性，雌雄同株，雌雄比为1：2，传粉昆虫主要是蚁类和蝇类；平均坐果率23．98％，平均结籽率16．68％；观察脱落后的种子发现，未完全发育种子数（41．95％）〉霉变种子数（32．76％）〉虫蛀种子数（16．09％）〉完好种子数（9．2％），瘤果三宝木产生有效种子的比例较低。其有性繁殖能力和无性繁殖能力都较弱，实生苗比例约3．8％，以根孽为主的无性繁殖率约0．96％，具有萌枝植株的比例达96．2％，种群多样性依靠萌枝来维持。扦插试验表明，瘤果三宝木可通过扦插扩繁。对其濒危原因分析表明，生境干旱、高温和干扰程度大是造成瘤果三宝木濒危的外因；种群分布区狭窄、生态幅度小、结实少、成苗率低、种群扩展受限是导致其濒危的内在因素。

瘤果三宝木枝叶的酚类成分研究

目的:研究瘤果三宝木枝叶的化学成分。方法:利用反相硅胶柱色谱和反相制备液相色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过~1H-NMR、^(13)C-NMR等波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果:从瘤果三宝木枝叶95%乙醇提取物分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为:汉黄芩素(1)、8-甲氧基异黄芩素(2)、异嗪皮啶(3)、5,8,2′-三羟基-6,7-甲氧基黄酮(4)、黄芩素(5)、黄芩新素Ⅱ(6)、千层纸素-A(7)、东莨菪素(8)、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚(9)、香草醛(10)、2(S)-5,7-二羟基-6-甲氧基二氢黄酮(11)、isoscutellarein(12)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

中国瓜馥木属(番荔枝科)一新记录种

报道了中国番荔枝科瓜馥木属(Annonaceae:Fissistigma)一新记录种——瘤果瓜馥木[F.thorelii(Pierre ex Finet&Gagnep.)Merr.]。该种在中国产于云南省红河县,凭证标本保存在西双版纳热带植物园标本馆(HITBC)。该种的主要特征是幼枝、花、果均被褐色粗短硬毛,且果实表面布满瘤状突起。

Blocking effects of genistein on cell proliferation and possible mechanism in human gastric carcinoma

AIM: To study the blocking effects of genistein on cell proliferation cycle in human gastric carcinoma cells (SGC-7901) and the possible mechanism. METHODS: MTT assay was applied in the detection of the inhibitory effects of genistein on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution. Immunocytochemical technique and Western blotting were performed to detect the protein expression of cyclin D_1, cyclin B_1 and p21^(waf1/cip1). RESULTS: Genistein significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cells (SGC-7901). Seven days after treatment with different concentrations of genistein (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 μg/mL), the growth inhibitory rates were 11.2%, 28.8%, 55.3%, 84.7% respectively and cell cycles were arrested at the G(2)/ M phase. Genistein decreased cyclin D_1 protein expression and enhanced cyclin B_1 and p21^(waf1/cip1) protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The growth and proliferation of SGC-7901 cells can be inhibited by genistein via blocking the cell cycle, with reduced expression of cyclin D_1 and enhanced expression of cyclin B_1 and p21^(waf1/cip1) protein in the concentration range of 0-20 μg/mL.

Screening of Highly Effective Sinorhizobium meliloti Strains for 'Vector' Alfalfa and Testing of Its Competitive Nodulation Ability in the Field

Seventeen Sinorhizobium meliloti strains from seven provinces in China were used to screen highly effective strains for alfalfa cultivar in a greenhouse study and their symbiotic relationship and competitive ability were studied in the field. CCBAU30138 was the most effective strain, as evidenced by increase in dry weights. A field experiment showed that the inoculation of alfalfa with CCBAU30138 resulted in increases of 11.9% and 19.6% of dry matter production and crude protein production, respectively, in forage of monocultured plants. The total dry matter yields of alfalfa and tall fescue in binary culture were increased by 16.3% by inoculation of alfalfa with this strain. These results showed that S. rneliloti strain CCBAU30138 was an effective inoculant both in the greenhouse and in the field. The analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） from nodule extracts showed that the strain CCBAU30138 had high competitiveness in the field. It occupied 47.5% of nodules in alfalfa monoculture and 44.4% of nodules in alfalfa-tall fescue binary culture after 20 weeks of growth. In conclusion, a simple system to select highly effective and competitive symbiotic strains specific to alfalfa was established. Using this system, a s.train suitable for the alfalfa cultivar ‘Vector＇ grown in Wuqiao County of Hebei Province was obtained.

The Nutrient Quality of Cassava by Addition of Cow Rumen Fluid Enzyme

The research was conducted to study the effect of crude enzyme from cow rumen fluid on nutrient quality of cassava substrates through hydrolysis method. Completely randomized design （CRD） in this research consisted of 4 materials from cassava with its 11 combinations （the total was 15 treatments） with 3 replications. The fifteen treatments were tuber （T）, leaves （L）, peel （P）, onggok （O）, tuber ＋ leaves （TL）, peel ＋ tuber （PT）, tuber ＋ onggok （TO）, leaves ＋ peel （LP）, peel ＋ onggok （PO）, onggok ＋ leaves （OL）, leaves ＋ tuber ＋ peel （LTP）, leaves ＋ tuber ＋ onggok （LTO）, peel ＋ leaves ＋ onggok （PLO）, peel ＋ tuber ＋ onggok （PTO）, peel ＋ leaves ＋ tuber ＋ onggok （PLTO）. Rumen fluid was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 minutes in 4 ~C. Supernatant was reacted with ammonium sulphate （60%） and incubated in the freezer at 4 ~C for 24 hours. The ground cassava was added by rumen fluid crude enzyme at the dosage of 1% （b/v）. The cassava substrates were kept for 24 hours in room temperature. The addition of rumen fluid enzyme on cassava did not significantly affect dry matter losses （0.96%-2.08%）, but it significantly decreased crude fiber （8.61%-17.83%）. And On the other hand, it increased total sugar （15.19%-29.52%）. The conclusion of this research was that the addition of rumen fluid enzyme on cassava substrates was able to decrease crude fiber （17.83%） and the best total soluble sugar was in tuber （29.52%）, but for dry matter, it was similar to control in the range of 0.96%-2.08%.

瘿瓢山人黄慎

黄慎。原名盛,字公懋、躬懋、菊庄,曾用艺名江夏盛。康熙六十年得知南海居然有位同姓同名的画家,遂更名黄慎。雍正四年改字恭寿,取别号瘿瓢山人,并用木瘿(你见过松树上的木瘤吗?奇特而无用之废物。是不是隐寓怀才不遇、愤世嫉俗)刳制一瘿瓢,腹沿刻草书"雍正四年黄慎制"七字,口外沿尖端镌小八分书"瘿瓢"二字。此瓢仍藏扬州商宝松家(高9cm、口径横14cm、纵11.5cm)。他还用过东海布衣、苍太洞人、糊涂居士、放亭等别号。

Brazilein inhibits neuronal inflammation induced by cerebral ischemia and oxygen-glucose deprivation through targeting NOD2 expression

Brazilein is reported to have immunosuppressive effect on cardiovascular and cerebral-vascular diseases. The essential roles of innate immunity in cerebral ischemia are increasingly identified, but no studies concerning the influence of brazilein on the innate immunity receptors have been reported. The present study was designed to investigate the regulation of NOD2 （Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2） by brazilein for its protection of neuron in cerebral ischemia in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. The results showed that brazilein could reverse the elevated expression of NOD2 and TNFa （tumor necrosis factor alpha） elicited by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. This reduction could also be detected in normal mice and C 17.2 cells, indicating that this suppressive effect of brazilein was correlated with NOD2. The results from GFP reporter plasmid assay suggested brazilein inhibited NOD2 gene transcription. In conclusion, brazilein could attenuate NOD2 and TNFα expression in cerebral ischemia and NOD2 may be one possible target of brazilein for its immune suppressive effect in neuro-inflammation.