论中华造物观中的“木道”

侧重从材美、工巧和审美三个方面来论述木制器物文化,及其形成的“木道” 审美情趣,从而进一步论述了“以人为本,物我融一”的设计理念。

绿道建造中木道施工的技术要点

绿道建设有利于完善城市自然生态系统的结构和功能,改善城市人居环境,而木道施工技术是绿道建设中重要组成部分,文章介绍了如何运用不同的施工技术和材料建设木道,打造优质的绿道。

绿道建造过程中的木道施工技术分析

在我国的城市建设过程中，有很多需要注意的事情需要处理和完善。在这些事情中，绿道建造就是其中非常重要的一个环节。我国城市建设的完善必须要有绿道建设的加入才会更加的完善。因此作为我国城市建设中生态建造以及生态功能实现的重要环节，绿道建设的质量优劣直接影响着城市建设的完善以及人民生活水平的提升。因此我们要对城市的绿色建造给予重视。本文主要针对绿道建造过程中的木道施工技术进行详细的分析以及阐述，希望通过本文的阐述以及分析能够有效的提升我国绿道建造的建造质量，提升我国城市的居住环境，改善城市居民的生活条件，同时也为我国城市建设的进一步发展以及创新贡献一份力量。

Xylooligosaccharides Alleviate Inflammatory Dermatoses and Related Depression-Like Behaviors in Atopic Dermatitis Mice Induced by 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene

Objective:To investigate the influence of xylooligosaccharides on skin inflammation,behavioral characteristics,neurotransmitters,and gut flora in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis(AD)induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB).Methods:The AD mouse model was created by administration of DNFB for 14 consecutive days.The scoring atopic dermatitis index,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),histopathology,and immunohistochemical analyses were used to assess inflammation and depression-like behaviors.Furthermore,high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the composition of fecal microbiota.Results:Xylooligosaccharides treatment reduced the number of scratches and skin thickness,mast cell infiltration and the levels of immunoglobulin(Ig)E and T-helper cytokines compared with the AD model group.Meanwhile,xylooligosaccharides treatment reduced the immobility time of mice in the forced swimming test and increased the total movement distance and movement distance in the center area in the open-field test.Furthermore,5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine expression in the brain was increased following xylooligosaccharides treatment.Using network pharmacology,Gene Ontology analysis showed that the targets were mainly enriched in phosphatase binding and the regulation of leukocyte differentiation,which ameliorated AD mainly through the hypoxia inducible factor-1 and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathways.16S rRNA gene sequencing,diversity indices,and gut microbial taxonomic composition analysis showed DNFB-induced changes in intestinal microbiota diversity in AD mice.Comparative analysis indicated that xylooligosaccharides intake improved the gut microbiome by dramatically enhancing the concentration of Lactobacillus while decreasing the concentration of Bacteroides in mice.Conclusion:Xylooligosaccharides reduce inflammatory dermatosis and related depression-like behaviors via regulating intestinal homeostasis,having medicinal value as a nutritional and functional ingredient.

朝鲜族神话类型与体系新探

朝鲜族的祖先在它的童年时代创造了许多美丽、动人的神话。但是在长期口耳相传过程中,有些已散失,有些被后人按自己的观点加以修改吸收到历史著作中。朝鲜族古代没有系统地记载神话的专书,只是在封建社会初期的一些典籍,如《论衡》、《魏书》、《古记》、《三国史记》、《三国遗事》、《帝王韵记》等书及好太王碑、古墓壁画及家谱等过去文物中保存了神话的片断。除了古籍中所记载的神话之外,还有一部分流传在人民的口头上,有些融汇进传统的叙事巫歌中。

资本主义农业基本道路浅议——兼与赵伟同志商榷

一、问题的提出资本主义农业基本道路究竟是几条,是我们在政治经济学和外国经济史教学中遇到的问题之一。迄今为止,我们所见到的苏联和国内的政治经济学教科书的主要版本,都认为农业资本主义化的基本道路是两条。例如列昂节夫在《政治经济学初学读本》(1935年第2版)中写道:“乡村中资本主义发展的基本道路有两条:一为普鲁士的,一为美国的。”

Matrix Generator (MG): a Program for Creating 0/1 Matrix from Sized DNA Fragments

A computer program called Matrix Generator (MG) was developed for transforming sized DNA fragments into a presence/absence data matrix. Dynamic computation was run to avoid errors introduced using fixed-bin-width arithmetic. MG can be used with bin sized fragments from AFLP, ISSR, RAPD, RFLP, and other molecular markers. The accuracy of MG was tested using fAFLP data of Abelia and the results show that MG results in higher resolution of taxa and is more reliable than programs of the similar usage.

Mitigating Deep Dielectric Charging Effects at the Orbits of Jovian Planets

Deep dielectric charging/discharging,caused by high energy electrons,is an important consideration in electronic devices used in space environments because it can lead to spacecraft anomalies and failures.The Jovian planets,including Saturn,Uranus,Neptune and Jupiter’s moons,are believed to have robust electron radiation belts at relativistic energies.In particular,Jupiter is thought to have caused at least 42 internal electrostatic discharge events during the Voyager 1 flyby.With the development of deep space exploration,there is an increased focus on the deep dielectric charging effects in the orbits of Jovian planets.In this paper,GEANT4,a Monte Carlo toolkit,and radiation-induced conductivity(RIC)are used to calculate deep dielectric charging effects for Jovian planets.The results are compared with the criteria for preventing deep dielectric charging effects in Earth orbit.The findings show that effective criteria used in Earth orbit are not always appropriate for preventing deep dielectric charging effects in Jovian orbits.Generally,Io,Europa,Saturn(R_S=6),Uranus(L=4.73)and Ganymede missions should have a thicker shield or higher dielectric conductivity,while Neptune(L=7.4)and Callisto missions can have a thinner shield thickness or a lower dielectric conductivity.Moreover,dielectrics grounded with double metal layers and thinner dielectrics can also decrease the likelihood of discharges.

Study on Filling Cross-Roadway in Fully-Mechanized Coal Faces with High Water-Content Material

A new method using high water content material to mechanically fill cross roadways to form artificial bottom for coal faces was introduced. The reasonable determination of filling range, the optimization of the compounding ratio of high water content material, and the filling technique were discussed in detail. This new method has been spread after industrial testing in Baodian Colliery. Compared with the traditional method, the manual wooden chock method, the new one decreases about 40% of the filling range and cost in dealing every one set of cross roadway in the testing condition.

Composting Efficiency of Urban Forest Litter and River Sediment at Different Proportions

In order to explore a technology for producing organic fertilizer by composting urban forest litter and river sediment passivated by fly ash, an experiment was conducted to study dynamic changes of several parameters including temperature, pH, organic matter, C/N and germination index （GI） during high-temperature composting of urban forest litter and river sediment at five different proportions （1：1 （Ⅰ）, 1：2 （Ⅱ）, 1：3 （Ⅲ）, 2：1 （Ⅳ） and 3：1 （Ⅴ））. Results showed that the temperature and pH increased first and then decreased; at the proportion of 3：1, the temperature increased rapidly and the high-temperature duration was longest （5 d）; at the end of the composting, all the treatments reached the decomposed status, the pH ranged from 7.47 to 8.87, and the organic matter content was reduced by 36%, 38%, 42%, 33% and 29%, respectively, indicating that increasing the proportion of urban forest litter was conducive to reducing the loss of organic matter. Due to low C/N ratio of river sediment, increasing the proportion of urban forest litter was helpful to improve the efficiency of composting. The GI of treatments I, IV and V reached 80% on day 26, 18 and 19 respectively, but the GI of treatments II and III did not reach this level until the end of composting. Considering the quality of fertilizer and efficiency of composting for large-scale production, the proportion between urban forest litter and river sediment is suitable to be set as 3：1 for production of organic fertilizer.

Impact of disturbance from roadworks on Pteleopsis suberosa regeneration in roadside environments in Burkina Faso, West Africa

The seedling population structure of Pteleopsis suberosa and their regeneration mechanisms were investigated in four roadside environments （graded, adjacent, intermediate and ungraded areas） along paved and unpaved roads in West Africa. A total of 203 quadrats of 2 m × 5 m in size were surveyed and placed along transects parallel to the roads. Within each quadrat, the total number of seedlings and the number of living shoots per seedling base were recorded. Regeneration mechanisms were determined by assessing basal and aerial sprouts and excavating the root systems below ground level. The results show that the total seedling density and the densities of single- and multi-stemmed individuals varied significantly （p 〈 0.05） among the four roadside environments. However, all seedlings were produced asexually; root suckers were predominant （98%） compared to water sprout （1%） and coppices （less than 1%）. This study demonstrates that an intermediate level of soil disturbance from grading along paved and unpaved roads may stimulate P. suberosa regeneration by root suck- ering. Road type （paved and unpaved） did not affect seedling density, but was a highly significant variable in relation to the coppicing ability of P. suberosa populations in roadside sites. In conclusion, P. suberosa is a disturbance-tolerant species which can proliferate mainly by root suckering after roadwork disturbance.

Effect of genistein on voltage-gated potassium channels in guinea pig proximal colon smooth muscle cells

AIM： To investigate the action of genistein （GST）, a broad spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on voltagegated potassium channels in guinea pig proximal colon smooth muscle cells. METHODS： Smooth muscle cells in guinea pig proximal colon were enzymatically isolated. Nystatin-perforated whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record potassium currents including fast transient outward current （Ikto） and delayed rectifier current （Ikdr）, tWO of which were isolated pharmacologically with 10 mmol/L tetraethylammonium or 5 mmol/L 4-aminopyridine. Contamination of calcium-dependent potassium currents was minimized with no caldum and 0.2 mmol/L CdCl2 in an external solution. RESULTS： GST （10-100 μmol/L） reversibly and dosedependently reduced the peak amplitude of Ikto with an IC50 value of 22.0±6.9 μmol/L. To a lesser extent, Ikdr, was also inhibited in both peak current and sustained current. GST could not totally block the outward potassium current as a fraction of the outWard potassium current, which was insensitive to GST. GST had no effect on the steady-state activation （n =6） and inactivation kinetics （n =6） of Ikto. Sodium orthovanadate （1 retool/L）, a potent inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatase, significantly inhibited GST-induced inhibition （P〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： GST can dose-dependently and reversibly block voltage-gated potassium channels in guinea pig proximal colon smooth muscle cells.

Comparative study of experiment and numerical analysis of secondary disasters induced by wood fire in tunnel

Studied the changes of heat physical parameters, gas concentration of O_2, CO,CH_4 and H_2, and temperature through full scale wood fire experiments in a tunnel and simulationby FLUNET, a kind of computational fluid dynamics software.The results showthat the wood fire experiment and simulation are both oxygen-enriched combustions,which show that the simulation results coincide with the experiment.The results also provethat it is difficult for oxygen-enriched combustion to cause secondary disasters.Somesuggestions were put forward to prevent the occurrence of secondary disasters effectively.

游沂蒙山

"五一"假期,爸爸妈妈带我去了沂蒙山。一路上,芳香从四面八方飘溢而来,路两旁的山坡上开满了白色的山楂花和不知名的小野花,这儿一丛,那儿一簇,美丽极了。阵阵清脆的鸟叫声从树上传来,真让人如置身仙境。

新加坡《联合早报》载文介绍蒙古首任驻美大使

新加坡《联合早报》1990年5月份在“人物追踪”栏内载文介绍蒙古人民共和国驻美首任大使宁木道时写道:宁木道离开大草原,到华府担任第一位蒙古驻美大使,他的赴美第一任务是要物色一间房宅作为大使馆之用。美国在1987年与蒙古建交。随着55岁的宁木道破天荒地出使美国,蒙古已不再那么孤立了。同样可贵的是宁木道不象一般外交家那般拘泥虚礼,因此具有特别的亲和力。宁木道希望美国能给予他的国家更多的认可。

Influences and drivers of woody debris movement in urban watercourses

It is recognised that the blockage of culverts by woody debris can result in an increased risk of infrastructure damage and flooding.To date,debris transport analysis has focused on regional fluvial systems and large woody debris,both in flume and field experiments.Given the social and economic risk associated with urban flooding,and as urban drainage design shifts away from subsurface piped network reliance,there is an increasing need to understand debris movement in urban watercourses.The prediction of urban watercourse small woody debris(SWD)movement,both quantity and risk,has undergone only limited analysis predominantly due to lack of field data.This paper describes the development of a methodology to enable the collection of accurate and meaningful SWD residency and transportation data from watercourses.The presented research examines the limitations and effective function of PIT tag technology to collect SWD transport data in the field appropriate for risk and prediction analysis.Passive integrated transponder(PIT)technology provides a method to collect debris transport data within the urban environment.In this study,the tags are installed within small woody debris and released at known locations into a small urban natural watercourse enabling monitoring of movement and travel time.SWD velocity and detention are collated with solute time of travel,watercourse and point flow characteristics to identify the relationships between these key variables.The work presented tests three hypotheses:firstly,that the potential for unobstructed or un-detained SWD movement increases with flow velocity and water level.Secondly,that SWD travel distance,and the resistance forces along this travel path,influence SWD transport potential.Thirdly,the relationship between SWD and channel dimensions is examined with the aim of advancing representative debris transport prediction modelling.

Volcanic structure of the Tarim flood basalt revealed through 3-D seismological imaging

The detailed structures of the volcanic edifice and plumbing system of the early Permian Tarim flood basalt were investigated by three-dimensional seismic imaging. The images show that the Tarim flood basalt erupted from central volcanoes distributed along major faults. The uppermost magma formed a single lava lobe with a volume of *0.74 km3 and an aspect ratio of 50,implying a sheet flow eruption with a high effusion rate. At the subsurface level, all central volcanoes, irrespective of size, had a separate pipe-like feeder vent. Only thirteen dikes were identified at shallow depths of \100 m below the lava surface; deeper dikes were even rarer. The pipelike plumbing system and the paucity of dilational dikes were different from the typical plumbing system of flood basalt provinces on Earth, which are normally buoyancycontrolled dike–sill networks. A gas-driven vigorous eruption can be inferred from the imaged structure, which means that the Tarim flood basalt may have carried and released a large proportion of volcanic gas, similar to some mafic volcaniclastic deposit-bearing continental flood basalt provinces.