本壮木高——读杜建民书法

杜建民在书法集自序中谈到其自幼家境贫寒,生活坎坷,小小年纪便与书法有了缘份,在家父与民间艺人的激励和指导下,对书法创作产生了特殊的爱好……自认为写字有些灵性的他,梦想着有一天能在书法艺术园中有所建树。

马来西亚培育出胶──木高产橡胶无性系

马来西亚培育出胶──木高产橡胶无性系马来西亚正在利用已培育出的高产Ｔｉｍｂｅｒ—ｌａｔｅｘ无性系取代其传统胶树，预计在今后１０年内将更新约１２０万公顷小胶园。马来西亚土壤及气候条件非常适于该品系的生长。据马橡胶研究院报道，该品系植后４年半即可割胶，较...

树木高枝修剪系列工具问题

由长治市林科所和省林业厅有关人员承担的林木高枝修剪系列工具研制开发的课题,年前通过省市专家的技术鉴定。该项成果,基本解决了林木及园林高校修剪的问题,填补了我国高枝工具的空白。近年来,我国营建了大面积的速生丰产林和农田防护林网,由于没有合适的高枝整形工具,靠传统人工爬树用斧、镰、锯修枝整形既费时误工,又不安全.致使木材质量降低蓄积量减少。据调查.仅山西省1000余万亩急待整形抚育的人工林,每棵减少收入5—10元。同时,由于树冠放任自长,农田林网下农作物产量也受到影响。城市园林绿化美化也迫切需要高枝系列整形工具.课题组针对生产需要,经过3年数十次的试验,

关于现代实木高箱床的结构模块化设计

模块化设计在板式家具尤其是柜类中应用广泛,而在实木家具中的应用显见。本文将通过模块化设计的方法和"32mm"系统对实木高箱床进行模块化设计,将实木床分为床头模块、床尾模块、床侧模块和箱体模块四个部分进行详细的划分。设计说明实木床的模块化设计关键在于对其进行准确的结构分析以及功能划分来进行模块的规划,再进一步在"32mm"系统的基础上对规格尺寸、设计参数等进行规范,建立模块库,用于设计新的产品。本文将就现代风格的实木高箱床进行结构分析和模块化的总体设计。

华北落叶松林平均木—优势木树高模型的研究

[目的]便于进行林分平均木、优势木数据转换,获取林分优势木信息。[方法]通过在塞罕坝机械林场获取的5个林龄,共178块临时样地的数据,对华北落叶松平均木和优势木树高相关关系进行研究。[结果]建立起平均木—优势木树高模型:DomH=2.162+0.98AvgH。通过模型可知,华木落叶松林林分优势木高要比林分平均木高高出近2 m。[结论]该模型便于在只取得了林分平均木高的情况下,换算得到林分优势木高。

Effects of Shading Degree on Storage Rate and Growth of Phoebe bournei Seedlings in Fields

In the research, four shading treatments were set, including the treatments with shading degrees at 0, 40%, 60% and 70%, in order to explore storage rate and seedling growth of annual Phoebe bournei. The results showed that the storage rate is growing upon shading degree. In the research, for example, storage rate reached the peak with the shading degree at 70%, and only 42.2% with shading degree at 0. In addition, seedling height and ground diameter showed extremely significant differences among treatments, and the treatment with shading degree at 60% was the best.

Evaluation of Productivity and Light Quality in Two High Density Dwarf Rootstock Apple Orchards in Central China

[Ohjective] The aim of the study is to investigate the productivity and light quality in two high density M26 dwarf rootstock apple orchards in central China so as to provide some management guidance for close planting of dwarf rootstock apples.[Method] The technical parameters of individual trees and group parameters as shoot number and composition and canopy coverage were determined, and the light quality in the canopy, fruit production and quality were investigated. [Result] Slender spindle （SS） orchard has 54 thousands shoots per 667 m^2. Coverage rate is 76%. Leaf area index is 1.9. The ratio of long, medium and spur shoots is 1：1：8. Fruit yield is 3 263 kg/667 m^2 with 85% first grade fruit. Light interception in the canopy is 58% while the ratio of canopy with good light is 65%. Modified slender spindle （MSS） orchard has 93 thousands shoots per 667 m^2 and the coverage is 77%. Leaf area index is 3.3. The ratio cf long, medium and spur shoots is 1：2：7. Fruit yield is 3 931 kg/667 m^2 with 85% first grade fruit. The light interception in the canopy is 73% while the ratio of canopy with good light is 35%. [Conclusion] Apple orchard with M26 dwarf rootstock trained as SS and MSS tree form in medium planting density may be useful to the management of the similar orchards in Central China.

Effects of Lithological Characters on the Growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata

Objective The aim was to reveal relationship between lithological character soil and productivity of Cunninghamia lanceolata and lay a foundation for systemic management of C. lanceolata fast-growing and high yield plantation. Method By using experimental ecology method and variance analysis, the biomass and growth of planting eleven years＇ C. lanceolata on the soils with six different lithologicel characters were studied. Result The effects of soils with six different lithological characters on the height, diameter growth and biomass of C. lanceolata were different, in which the growth order of C. lanceolata was： Feldspathic quartzy sandstone （ average height 523. 270 cm, average diameter 4.720 cm, average individual biomass 5.059kg） 〉 Basalt （ average height 511. 570 cm, average diameter 4.650 cm, average individual biomass 4.848 kg） 〉 Quartzy sandstone 〉 Blastopsammite 〉 The Quarternary Period red clay 〉 Coal-series siliceous sand-shale, and the difference was smaller between the last two lithological characters. Conclusion Feldspathic quartzy sandstone and Basalt are beneficial to C. lanceolata.

Structural Characteristics of Thicker-culms in the High-yield Wheat Cultivars

The culm of the Triticum aestivum L. cv. “Lankao 906_4”, a high_yield cultivar, in comparison with “Jing 411”, a widely_planted cultivar, was studied by means of anatomical technique coupled with mechanical and chemical theory. A anatomical analysis revealed that “Lankao 906_4” possessed thicker mechanical tissue and larger vascular bundle area than those of “Jing 411”. In terms of the resistance to lodging, “Lankao 906_4” had higher culm strength. Furthermore the content of lignin was semiquantitatively analyzed with confocal laser scanning mircoscope (CLSM), and revealed a much higher lignin content in the culm of “Lankao 906_4” than that in the culm of “Jing 411”. All of these indicated that the characteristics of culm were important factors in breeding the super_production wheat cultivar.

Effects of High Temperature on Activities of Some Protective Enzymes in Mononychellus tanajoa

[Objective] Mononychellus tanajoa is a mite speices recently invaded into China in 2008. Temperature is one of the most important ecological factors affecting the growth and reproduction of M. tanajoa. The objective of the current study was to reveal the effects of high temperature incubation on the activities of some protective enzymes in M. tanajoa at different growth stages. The results would contribute to the understanding of the adaptable distribution of M. tanajoa after its invasion into China, the mechanisms in its invasion, diffusion and ecological adaptation, and the monitor- ing, early warning and effective prevention of its damage. [Method] Six protective enzymes, Le. polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, peroxidase （POD）, ascorbate oxidase （AsA- POD）, catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and esterase （EST）, were cho- sen to study their activities after the mites at different growth stages were incubated at a extremely high temperature of 42 ~C for a certain period of time up to 24 h. The activities were measured by spectrophotometric endpoint assay method. [Results] Enzyme activities in M. tanajoa were affected by the high temperature incubation. However, differences in enzyme activity changes were found among different protec- tive enzymes and among different growth stages of M. tanajoa. Activities of PPO, POD, AsA-POD and CAT were significantly increased in the larval mites and female adult mites of M. tanajoa. CAT activity was significantly decreased in protonymph and deutonymph of M. tanajoa. Activities of PPO, POD and AsA-POD in protonymph and deutonymph showed no obvious difference from the control. [Conclusion] The activity changes of some protective enzymes in M. tanajoa following high-temperature treatment are part of its anti-stress reaction mechanism. In mite protonymph and deutonymph, activities of PPO, POD and AsA-POD are similar to the untreated con- trol which may be associated with the thermostability of M. tanajoa. It is concluded that, the long-time stress of extreme temperature may result in the increase of the thermostability of mite individuals, the enhancement of the population thermal stability and subsequently lead to rapid expansion of the population.

可饮可藏的普洱工艺茶

一件好的礼品可以更好的表达赠送者的心意,拉近彼此的友系。所以,当然要独出心裁。既要不俗又要寄与很好的寓意,不可过于昂贵,又不能太廉价。普洱工艺茶,一定能够凸显你的心意。

葡萄套萝卜 增产又增收

本站讯 地该如何种,怎样才能增产又增收,这个问题一直是农民关心的大事,许多农民在这方面已经做出示范,大连市旅顺口区三涧堡镇土城子村田庆波、关相兰温室里葡萄套种冈萝卜的成功经验也许能给大家一些有意的启示。近两年,他们夫妻俩看到市场上菜价下滑,经济效益不高。于是,他们便围绕市场调起了“频道”。市场缺什么,就种什么,市场上什么菜果价格高,就生产什么,这是他们致富。从去年开始,他们把温室里栽上了葡萄,在葡萄行距之间套种冈萝卜。

一位中国雇员的辞职

老板太苛刻? 报酬太低? 前途渺茫?……

Study on Grafting and Cultivation of ‘Spartan'Blueberry

The results of grafting improvement and cultivation trials in the Yangtze River Delta of China showed that the rootstock cultivar had a great influence on plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＂Spartan＂ blueberry. Among the seven rootstock-scion combinations, the northern highbush blueberry （Vaccinium corymbosum） cultivar ＂Croaton＇-＇Spartan＇ combination showed well-healed graft unions, large branch amount, early fruit bearing, high yield, excellent fruit quality and almost no tillers. As a kind of rootstock, ＂Croaton＇ was better than non-grafted ＇Spartan＇ and the two rabbiteye blueberry cultivars ＇Premier＇ and ＇Gardenblue＇. The grafting pattern showed no significant stimulating effect on the plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＇Spartan＇ blueberry in this area, but the overall performance of greenwood cleft grafting was better than that of inlaid bud grafting. Suitable rootstock cultivar and grafting pattern significantly improve plant arowth and development, fruit vield and aualitv of ＇Spartan＇ blueberry.

Aboveground Biomass and Water Storage Allocation in Alpine Willow Shrubs in the Qilian Mountains in China

The aboveground biomass allocation and water relations in alpine shrubs can provide useful information on analyzing their ecological and hydrological functions in alpine regions. The objectives of this study were to compare the aboveground biomass allocation, water storage ratio and distribution between foliage/woody components,and to investigate factors affecting aboveground biomass allocation and water storage ratio in alpine willow shrubs in the Qilian Mountains, China. Three experimental sites were selected along distance gradients from the riverside in the Hulu watershed in the Qilian Mountains. The foliage, woody component biomass, and water allocation of Salix cupularis Rehd.and Salix oritrepha Schneid. shrubs were measured using the selective destructive method. The results indicated that the foliage component had higher relative water and biomass storage than the woody component in the upper part of the crown in individual shrubs. However, the woody component was the major biomass and water storage component in the whole shrub level for S. cupularis and S.oritrepha. Moreover, the foliage/woody component biomass ratio decreased from the top to the basal level of shrubs. The relative water storage allocation was significantly affected by species types, but was not affected by sites and interaction between species and sites. Meanwhile, relative water storage was affectedby sites as well as by interaction between sites and species type.

Impact of Gully on Soil Moisture of Shrubland in Wind-Water Erosion Crisscross Region of the Loess Plateau

The most serious erosion on the Loess Plateau of China exists in the wind-water erosion crisscross region where the annual precipitation is about 400 mm,the ecological environment is very fragile,and water is the key limiting factor for improving the environment. In this study,changes of soil moisture content for Caragana korshinskii Kom. shrubland in the gully bank of the Loess Plateau were studied using the methods of soil sampling and neutron probe. A typical gully(75 m long,28 m wide,and 10 m deep) was selected,and six neutron probe access tubes(6 m long) were installed at points 50,100,200,300,400,and 500 cm from the gully border for obtaining soil moisture data from July to October 2004 at approximately 10 d intervals. Soil samplings were simultaneously carried out for moisture determination at the six points. Results showed that the soil moisture of the shrubland in the gully bank significantly varied between 300 and 400 cm in the horizontal direction and up to 600 cm in vertical direction of the gully. Seasonal changes in soil moisture revealed a curve with a single peak that occurred at the end of August or early September. A linear regression equation was fit for soil water storage and the distance from the gully border,with coefficients depending on rainfall characteristics,sampling point,and time of measurement.

Aboveground biomass of the alpine shrub ecosystems in Three-River Source Region of the Tibetan Plateau

Though aboveground biomass(AGB) has an important contribution to the global carbon cycle,the information about storage and climatic effects of AGB is scare in Three-River Source Region(TRSR)shrub ecosystems. This study investigated AGB storage and its climatic controls in the TRSR alpine shrub ecosystems using data collected from 23 sites on the Tibetan Plateau from 2011 to 2013. We estimated the AGB storage(both shrub layer biomass and grass layer biomass) in the alpine shrubs as 37.49 Tg, with an average density of 1447.31 g m^(-2). Biomass was primarily accumulated in the shrub layer, which accounted for 92% of AGB, while the grass layer accounted for only 8%. AGB significantly increased with the mean annual temperature(P < 0.05). The effects of the mean annual precipitation on AGB were not significant. These results suggest that temperature,rather than precipitation, has significantly effects on of aboveground vegetation growth in the TRSR alpine shrub ecosystems. The actual and potential increase in AGB density was different due to global warming varies among different regions of the TRSR. We conclude that long-term monitoring of dynamic changes is necessary to improve the accuracy estimations of potential AGB carbon sequestration across the TRSR alpine shrub ecosystems.

Effect of water extracts of larch on growth of Manchurian walnut seedlings

A study was conducted to detect the effect of water extracts from different parts such as root, bark, branch and leaf, of adult larch, Larix gmelini, trees on growth of Manchurian walnut, Juglans mandshudca, seedlings and the allelopathy between the two tree species. Four concentrations （100 g. kg i, 50 g. kg^-1, 25 g. kg^-1 and 12.5 g. kg^-1） were prepared for each kind of extracts. Result showed that the water extracts with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the growth of collar diameter and increased biomass and root/shoot ratio of walnut seedlings. The water extracts from branches and barks with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the height growth of the seedlings, while those from leaves and roots slightly decreased the height growth of seedlings. The fact that application of water extracts of larch improved the growth of Manchurian walnut attributes possibly to the allelopathy between the two tree species.