This paper examines the expression of being from the syntactic perspective in the framework of Cassirer's philosophy of language in his Philosophy of Symbolic Forms. It first introduces the debate about the validity ...This paper examines the expression of being from the syntactic perspective in the framework of Cassirer's philosophy of language in his Philosophy of Symbolic Forms. It first introduces the debate about the validity of the question of being between the logical and ontological perspectives, represented by J. S. Mill's attempt to annul the question and Heidegger's counter argument. It then moves to the syntactic perspective by using Aquinas' statement that in every apprehension being should be present, and then reconsiders the function of copula in a sentence. The main part of this article follows Cassirer's argument by picking up the so-called "war of the giants" between the Heraclitean flux and the Parmenidean immovable being in the context of language in Plato's three dialogues, namely Cratylus, Theaetetus, and Sophist. It then moves on to Cassirer's Kantian scheme of analysis to handle the Platonic question, and argues that words and sentences are different moments of unit formation in our consciousness. It concludes with Cassirer's argument of the priority of sentence over words, and that the concentration merely on the copula is a limited approach to the question. The purpose of this paper is to show Cassirer's contribution to the problem of being by shifting the attention from semantics to the syntax and by breaking new ground from neo-Kantianism, and offers an approach to understand the role of language in our knowledge of the objective world which is neither purely nominal nor realist.展开更多
Among the few philosophers who dedicated philosophical reflection on the problem of technology, Hans Jonas would be the leading one. Still in a close affinity with Martin Heidegger, his teacher, Jonas argued that mode...Among the few philosophers who dedicated philosophical reflection on the problem of technology, Hans Jonas would be the leading one. Still in a close affinity with Martin Heidegger, his teacher, Jonas argued that modem technology bore some annoying characters. In line of this anxiety, Jonas suggested the importance of protecting life as an integral part of the ethical project he intended to build. Departing from his basic notion that human life is never separated from other organic life, Jonas has opened a wider space for ethical responsibilities towards life of the whole cosmos. In what sense is his notion of the responsibility towards the whole life should be understood is one of the aim of this paper. Baring in mind that Jonas developed his concept on life and human responsibility towards it as an argumentation against the development of technology, the social context in which modem technology finds its root is worthed to be discussed. It is concluded that separating ethics from ontology as many theorists and philosophers did so far has strengthened the old notion of human autonomy with its defects, and by that, the destruction of life seemed to be accepted as a consequence of it.展开更多
Do risingfactor prices promote technical efficiency (TE) in China's manufacturing sectors? This topic has not yet been thoroughly studied in any literature. Using panel data from 1993 to 2007 of Chinese provinces...Do risingfactor prices promote technical efficiency (TE) in China's manufacturing sectors? This topic has not yet been thoroughly studied in any literature. Using panel data from 1993 to 2007 of Chinese provinces' manufacturing industries, this paper calculated the TE by data envelopment analysis (DEA). The result shows that China's manufacturing TE remained stagnate in the mid- and late-1990s and increased after 2000. Using a Pooled Regression Model, Fixed-effects Regression Model and Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) to obtain robust parameters and the standard error, we find that rising factor prices have an obvious positive effect on the TE of the manufacturing industry and that this effect reaches its peak three to five years later. Therefore, the assumption of a "cost-Push TE" in China's manufacturing sectors can now be statistically proven. It has verified the significance of reforming China's faetor price system. Governments should value resource-allocating ej^iciency, implement policies that promote industrial transition and upgrading and transform the economic development pattern through technical innovation.展开更多
The "migrant worker shortage" which occurred several)pears ago and the recent "labor shortage" were both caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of migrant workers. It is a periodical outcome of spon...The "migrant worker shortage" which occurred several)pears ago and the recent "labor shortage" were both caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of migrant workers. It is a periodical outcome of spontaneous adjustment by the migrant labor market. As rural welfare was greatly enhanced in 2009, migrant workers' opportunity cost of working outside their hometowns was raised. The connotation of migrant workers' "market price" is changing. The new generation of migrant workers, namely, those born after 1980, are becoming the mainstay of enterprises' employment. Being better educated, they have different lifestyles than previous generations. "Leisure and entertainment" have become part of their opportunity cost and reduced their labor supply. "Labor shortage" is an endogenous force that helps transform China's growth patter, upgrade the industrial structure and promote urbanization. The seasonal "return of migrant workers" and the "labor shortage" which appears around China's Spring Festival each year have grown into a unique b,t effective collective bargaining mechanism that helps increase migrant workers' wages. Facing labor shortages, governments should regulate the labor market pricing and orientate labor-intensive enterprises towards transition, continue to enhance the social security system for migrant workers and those in rural areas, and make an accurate forecast of the population trend and adjust population policies.展开更多
文摘This paper examines the expression of being from the syntactic perspective in the framework of Cassirer's philosophy of language in his Philosophy of Symbolic Forms. It first introduces the debate about the validity of the question of being between the logical and ontological perspectives, represented by J. S. Mill's attempt to annul the question and Heidegger's counter argument. It then moves to the syntactic perspective by using Aquinas' statement that in every apprehension being should be present, and then reconsiders the function of copula in a sentence. The main part of this article follows Cassirer's argument by picking up the so-called "war of the giants" between the Heraclitean flux and the Parmenidean immovable being in the context of language in Plato's three dialogues, namely Cratylus, Theaetetus, and Sophist. It then moves on to Cassirer's Kantian scheme of analysis to handle the Platonic question, and argues that words and sentences are different moments of unit formation in our consciousness. It concludes with Cassirer's argument of the priority of sentence over words, and that the concentration merely on the copula is a limited approach to the question. The purpose of this paper is to show Cassirer's contribution to the problem of being by shifting the attention from semantics to the syntax and by breaking new ground from neo-Kantianism, and offers an approach to understand the role of language in our knowledge of the objective world which is neither purely nominal nor realist.
文摘Among the few philosophers who dedicated philosophical reflection on the problem of technology, Hans Jonas would be the leading one. Still in a close affinity with Martin Heidegger, his teacher, Jonas argued that modem technology bore some annoying characters. In line of this anxiety, Jonas suggested the importance of protecting life as an integral part of the ethical project he intended to build. Departing from his basic notion that human life is never separated from other organic life, Jonas has opened a wider space for ethical responsibilities towards life of the whole cosmos. In what sense is his notion of the responsibility towards the whole life should be understood is one of the aim of this paper. Baring in mind that Jonas developed his concept on life and human responsibility towards it as an argumentation against the development of technology, the social context in which modem technology finds its root is worthed to be discussed. It is concluded that separating ethics from ontology as many theorists and philosophers did so far has strengthened the old notion of human autonomy with its defects, and by that, the destruction of life seemed to be accepted as a consequence of it.
文摘Do risingfactor prices promote technical efficiency (TE) in China's manufacturing sectors? This topic has not yet been thoroughly studied in any literature. Using panel data from 1993 to 2007 of Chinese provinces' manufacturing industries, this paper calculated the TE by data envelopment analysis (DEA). The result shows that China's manufacturing TE remained stagnate in the mid- and late-1990s and increased after 2000. Using a Pooled Regression Model, Fixed-effects Regression Model and Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) to obtain robust parameters and the standard error, we find that rising factor prices have an obvious positive effect on the TE of the manufacturing industry and that this effect reaches its peak three to five years later. Therefore, the assumption of a "cost-Push TE" in China's manufacturing sectors can now be statistically proven. It has verified the significance of reforming China's faetor price system. Governments should value resource-allocating ej^iciency, implement policies that promote industrial transition and upgrading and transform the economic development pattern through technical innovation.
文摘The "migrant worker shortage" which occurred several)pears ago and the recent "labor shortage" were both caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of migrant workers. It is a periodical outcome of spontaneous adjustment by the migrant labor market. As rural welfare was greatly enhanced in 2009, migrant workers' opportunity cost of working outside their hometowns was raised. The connotation of migrant workers' "market price" is changing. The new generation of migrant workers, namely, those born after 1980, are becoming the mainstay of enterprises' employment. Being better educated, they have different lifestyles than previous generations. "Leisure and entertainment" have become part of their opportunity cost and reduced their labor supply. "Labor shortage" is an endogenous force that helps transform China's growth patter, upgrade the industrial structure and promote urbanization. The seasonal "return of migrant workers" and the "labor shortage" which appears around China's Spring Festival each year have grown into a unique b,t effective collective bargaining mechanism that helps increase migrant workers' wages. Facing labor shortages, governments should regulate the labor market pricing and orientate labor-intensive enterprises towards transition, continue to enhance the social security system for migrant workers and those in rural areas, and make an accurate forecast of the population trend and adjust population policies.