微型万佛殿:藏文文献“本康营造法式”初探

印制或脱模制作的小型泥造像和佛塔,藏语称之“擦擦”,是一种造像功德和积累资粮的行为,由此衍生了储存擦擦的“本康”建筑形制。本康除了存放擦擦外,还有佑护生灵、祛灾祈福和祈求丰收等多种民间信仰的含义。虽然本康建筑形制简单,但是本康的营造是严格按照藏传佛教仪轨进行,这些仪式的延续和传承,造就了藏式建筑传统和精神叙事。在以清代蒙古族高僧察哈尔格西洛桑次成撰写的藏文文献《本康营造法式》和田野调查基础上,对藏传佛教微型的万佛殿“本康”的建造仪轨和文化内涵进行探究,发现本康建筑艺术是以独特的高原环境为依托,集中表达了佛教旨意和蒙藏信众的宗教情感。

固本康口服液治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染临床研究

目的 :观察固本康口服液治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染 (RRI)的临床疗效。方法 :将 1 4 4例RRI小儿随机分为两组 ,治疗组 88例用固本康口服液治疗 ,对照组 5 6例用卡慢舒口服液治疗。结果 :治疗后随访 1年以上 ,两组总体疗效及年均呼吸道感染次数比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;两组治疗前后免疫球蛋白和T细胞亚群比较 ,IgG、IgA、CD3+ 、CD4 + 、CD8+ 、CD4 + /CD8+ 均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;两组间治疗前与治疗后以上各值比较 ,差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :固本康口服液能提高小儿免疫功能 ,防治小儿RRI疗效确切 。

固本康口服液防治小儿哮喘的临床疗效观察

目的 :观察固本康口服液防治小儿哮喘的疗效。方法 :将 1 5 2例哮喘患儿随机分成中药组、西药组、中西药组 ,分别用中药 (固本康口服液 )、西药 (必可酮 )和中西药 (两者相加 )治疗 ,疗程均为 6～ 9个月 ,并于疗程结束后进行 2年以上的随访。结果 :临床治愈率中药组为 3 5 .8% ,西药组为 46.8% ,中西药组为 69.2 % ;临床有效率中药组为 79.2 % ,西药组为 80 .9% ,中西药组为 92 .3 % ;中药组与西药组的疗效无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,中西药组与中药组、西药组的治愈率比较均有显著性差异 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。结论

青海农村精准扶贫实践研究——以本康沟村党建扶贫为例

伴随着党和政府精准扶贫政策及措施的积极贯彻落实,以及"一带一路"建设的高质量推进,青海农村充分发挥优势积极主动参与,取得了丰硕的实践成果。为了深入了解青海农村精准扶贫政策的发展现状,我们专程对青海省海东市化隆回族自治县扎巴镇本康沟村进行了走访调研,真实了解本康沟村精准扶贫工作的现状,突出本康沟村党建扶贫的优势,充分展现本康沟村特色脱贫模式,探索基层党建工作对农村未来发展的影响。

Ethno-medicinal plants use by the Manipuri tribal community in Bangladesh

An ethno-medicinal investigation was conducted to understand the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants being used by the Maninuri tribe in Bangladesh. The present study was done through structured questionnaires in consultations with the tribal practitioners. A total 32 plant species belonging to 26 families and 29 genera were found to use for Curing 37 ailments. Results show that the use of aboveground plant parts was higher （86%） than the underground plant parts （14%）. Leaf was used in the majority of cases for medicinal preparation （17 species） followed by bark, fruit, root/rhizome, whole plant, seed and flower. Among the 32 plant species, they were mainly used to treat dysentery （10 species）, followed by fever and rheumatism （5 species each）; asthma, constipation, wounds and skin diseases （4 species each）; cold ailments, cough and diarrhea （3 species each）. The study revealed that 72% plant species investigated were used to cure more than one ailment. About 75% medicinal plants were taken orally followed by externally （9%） and both orally and externally （16%）. The study thus underscores the potentials of the ethno-botanical research and the need for the documentation of indigenous healthcare knowledge pertaining to the medicinal plant utilization for the greater benefit of mankind.

Science Letters:Crossover randomized controlled trial of the electronic version of the Chinese SF-36

Objectives:to verify the feasibility and reliability of the electronic version of Chinese SF-36 based on the Quality-of-Life-Recorder. Design: A crossover randomized controlled trial, comparing a paper-based and an electronic version of the Chinese SF-36, was conducted. According to generated random numbers, interviewees were asked to fill out either the electronic version or the paper version first. The second version was filled in after a pause of at least 10 min. Settings and participants: One group of 100 medical students at the School of Medicine of Zhejiang University and the other group of 50 outpatients at a clinic for general practice in Hangzhou City (China) were eventually recruited in this study. Results: The acceptance of the electronic version was good (60% of medical students and 84% of outpatients preferred the electronic version). At the level of eight-scale scores, the mean-difference for each scale (except for general health) between the two versions was less than 5%. At the level of 36 questions, the percentage of "exact agreement" ranged within 64%～99%; the percentage of "global agreement" ranged within 72%～99%; 77% of the kappa coefficients demonstrated "good/excellent agreement" and 23% of the kappa coefficients demonstrated "medium agreement". Conclusion: This study, for the first time, can provide empirical basis for the confirmation of the feasibility and reliability of the electronic version of the Chinese SF-36 and may provide an impulse towards widespread deployment of the Quality-of-Life-Recorder in Chinese populations.

Efficient School Health Services and Sport Participation Among Nigerian Universities Undergraduates

Purpose： The purpose of the study was to ascertain the relationship between efficient medical services and Nigerian undergraduates＇ participation in sports. Methods and Materials： A randomly sampled population of 280 students and 12 managerial staff of sport and medical units participated in the descriptive study. Responses to a validated questionnaire provided the source of data. A test-retest reliability coefficient （r） = 0.80. Data were analyzed with simple percentages and Chi-square at 〈 0.05 alpha level. Results： All the respondents in medical centre and sport unit oriented the students on the available medical services and facilities on campus： availability of first aid services, treatment services for complicated injuries （inpatient）, referral services for specialized care, financial support during hospitalization. Complementary results from the students showed that the majority of the respondents （50%） strongly agreed that medical centre was available in the Campus, and 36% strongly affirmed to availability of first aid services. Thirty four percent of the respondents strongly agreed to the availability of treatment services, while 40% of the respondent agreed to the availability of free medical services. The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between efficient medical services and students＇ participation in sports. Conclusion： All medical services were available but students perceive the services as inefficient which implies poor or non utilization.

BUILDING A MODERATELY PROSPEROUS SOCIETY IN ALL RESPECTS——Regional Coordination

In China’s modernization drive, coordinated regional development and the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects have been two mutually reinforcing dimensions. The three shifts of China’s principal social contradiction have responded to evolving needs of its regional development. Throughout various stages, the strategy of coordinated regional development has promoted the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects in its concept formation, implementation and upcoming completion, which has reinforced regional coordination in return. In striving to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society, China has increased its economic base, balanced its regional development, narrowed regional disparities, and increased equal access to essential public services.

Gastrointestinal symptoms in a Japanese population:A health diary study

AIM： To investigate the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the nature of consequent utilization of health care services in a Japanese population. METHODS： Using self-report, we conducted a prospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample of the Japanese population over a one-month period to determine the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms of all kinds and resultant health care utilization. Both information on visits to physicians and use of complementary and alternative medicine therapies were collected. RESULTS： From a total of 3568 in the recruitment sample, 3477 participants completed a health diary （response rate 97%）. The data of 112 participants with baseline active gastrointestinal diseases were excluded from the analysis, leaving 3365 participants in the study. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms was 250 and the mean number of symptomatic episodes was 0.66 in a month. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, constipation and dyspepsia were the most frequent symptoms. Female gender, younger age, and low baseline quality of life were risk factors for developing these symptoms. The participants were more likely to treat themselves, using dietary, complementary or alternative medicines, than to visit physicians, except in the case of vomiting.CONCLUSION： Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in the Japanese population, with an inddence of 25%. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, constipation and dyspepsia are the most frequent symptoms. Risk factors for developing these symptoms include female gender, younger age, and low baseline quality of life.

Pharmaceuticalization and Biomedicalization： An Examination of Problems Relating to Depression in Japan

The growing number of people suffering from depression has become a social problem in Japan. The problems associated with depression in Japan have been influenced by the pharmaceuticalization of mental health. Since selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were introduced to Japan＇s pharmaceutical market in 1999, demand for anti-depressant medications has rapidly expanded. It seems likely then that the efforts of pharmaceutical companies, as part of their marketing strategies, to increase people＇s awareness of mental illness have led people who are not actually depressed to have medical consultations and drug treatments for it. This phenomenon is known as ＂disease mongering＂ and has been reported on. Problems exist from the medical perspective also and include the following： expansion of the diagnostic criteria for depression as formulated in the American Psychiatric Association＇s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; treatments that rely heavily on drugs; and biomedicalization. Another reason for the increase in medical consultations is the declining function of communal bodies. This has resulted in individuals struggling psychologically, for example, with anxiety, worry, and depression. In summary, this sociological research analyzed the problems of depression in ｜apan and revealed how the pharmaceuticalization of mental health accelerates the individualization of social problem.

The application of modem cost management in real estate enterprise

This paper will be on the real estate development enterprise cost analysis and cost forecast, decision-making, plan, control, analysis and feedback were described, as well as how to use value engineering to enterprise value chain each link cost allocation, ut also to the enterprise strategy analysis and research, as well as cost management and strategic interaction analysis. Finally, it has a cost of real estate development enterprises case analysis and research. The author believes that the article will be on the real estate development enterprise management have some practical significance.

The Role of Countermeasures in Mitigating the Radiological Consequences of Nuclear Power Plant Accidents

The countermeasures are the actions that should be taken, after the occurrence of a nuclear accident to protect the public against the associated risks. These actions may be represented by sheltering, evacuation, distribution of stable iodine tablets and/or relocation. This study represents a comprehensive probabilistic study to investigate the role of the adoption of the countermeasures in case of a hypothetical accident of type LOCA for nuclear power plant of PWR （1000 Mw）. The effective doses in different organs, short and long health effects, and the associated risks are calculated with and without countermeasures. In addition, the overall costs of the accident and the costs of countermeasures are estimated which represent our first trials to know how much the proposed accident cost. The results showed that, the area around the site requires early and late countermeasures action after the accident especially in the downwind sectors. For late countermeasures, the duration time of relocation ranged from about two to 10 years. The adoption of the countermeasures increases the costs of emergency plan by 40% but reduces the risk associated the accident.

Economic Consequences of Tahoku Earthquake of March 11, 2011 in Japan

The paper considers the economic consequences of Tahoku earthquake occurred on March 11,2011 at 5：46：23 （UT） at the distance of 70 km from the northeast shore of Japanese coast Honshu. This earthquake had a magnitude of 9 and became the strongest in the whole history of the seismological observations in this part of the planet. The generated tsunami killed more than 15,700 people, damaged 332,395 buildings and 2,126 roads. The total economic loss in Japan was estimated at $309 billion. The catastrophe in Japan also impacted global economy. To reveal its impact, the authors used regional and global stock indexes, production indexes, stock prices of the main Japanese, European and US companies, and import/export dynamics. The authors demonstrated that the catastrophe substantially affected the markets and on the short run in some indicators it exceeded the effect of the global financial crisis. The authors concluded that it is necessary to treat possible strong earthquakes in different regions of the world as one very important factor that can affect the world economy.

Research on Mental Health Education of Vocational College Students

College life is the psychological conflict -prone period, and college students in vocational colleges suffer more psychological pressure than other undergraduate college students. Currently, the vocational colleges showed an increasing trend of mental health problems, which has become an important factor in hindering the healthy growth and successfully completion of their studies in college students. This article analyzed and summarized from the meaning of the concept of mental health, the performance characteristics of vocational college students＇ mental health problems, forming factors of mental health problems in vocational students, and put forward some education countermeasures.

Mosquito-Associated Viruses in China

Mosquitoes are classified into approximately 3500 species and further grouped into 41 genera.Epidemiologically,they are considered to be among the most important disease vectors in the world and they can harbor a wide variety of viruses.Several mosquito viruses are considered to be of significant medical importance and can cause serious public health issues throughout the world.Such viruses are Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),dengue virus(DENV),chikungunya virus(CHIKV),and Zika virus(ZIKV).Others are the newly recognized mosquito viruses such as Banna virus(BAV)and Yunnan orbivirus(YNOV)with unclear medical significance.The remaining mosquito viruses are those that naturally infect mosquitoes but do not appear to infect humans or other vertebrates.With the continuous development and improvement of mosquito and mosquito-associated virus surveillance systems in China,many novel mosquito-associated viruses have been discovered in recent years.This review aims to systematically outline the history,characteristics,distribution,and/or current epidemic status of mosquito-associated viruses in China.

Correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and Traditional Chinese Medicine constitutions: an analysis based on a sample from general population of China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between smoking and drinking and constitution types from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory.METHODS:The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ)was used.A sample of 8448subjects from nine provinces and municipalities was chosen from the database of the TCM constitution and health status survey.Constituent ratio and correspondence analysis were used to find the relationship between smoking and drinking and TCM constitution.RESULTS:There was an association between smokinganddrinkingandtheGentleness,phlegm-dampness,and dampness-heat type constitutions.People that did not smoke tobacco or drink alcohol tended to have Yang-deficiency,Yin-deficiency,Qi-depression,Qi-deficiency,special diathesis,orblood-stasis type constitutions.CONCLUSION:There was a significant correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and TCM constitutions.To improve patient health,more attention should be paid to tobacco and alcohol control.

Can Education Make Us Healthier? An Urban-Rural Comparative Analysis Based on the Chinese General Social Survey of 2010

In modern society, educational achievement＇s impact on individual lives is reflected not only in economic benefits in the labor market but also in various ＂intangible returns.＂ Based on national data from the Chinese General Social Survey of 2010, our analysis of the urbanrural disparity and mediating factors in the health benefits of educational achievement shows that education has positive returns in terms of health for both urban and rural residents, but the returns to compulsory education and senior middle school differ for the two groups. This difference may be caused by the gap in the quality of compulsory education between urban and rural areas. Therefore, a linchpin of the relevant education policies should be encouragement of ＂urban-rural integration＂ in terms of the quality rather than just the quantity of education and the universalizing of senior middle school education in rural areas.

Enhanced release of the poorly soluble drug itraconazole loaded in ordered mesoporous silica

It is known that the energy of the amorphous state of itraconazole loaded in ordered mesoporous materials is high relative to that of the crystalline state and is responsible for enhanced solubility and dissolution rate. We investigated the effects of particle size(0.7–5μm), mesostructure(2D p6 mm, cubic Ia-3d and cubic Fm-3m) and pore size(2.2–15.4 nm) of mesoporous silicas on the release performance of itraconazole. Results indicated that the release performance was not influenced by the particle sizes tested here, that the release performance increased with increasing pore diameter due to the lower probability of drug molecules colliding to recrystallize in large pores, and that the release performance was decreased in the cage-type pore structure(Fm-3m) compared to that in the cylindrical pore structures(p6mm and Ia-3d) because of the small entrance to the cagelike pores that retards the drug release.