刑事涉案财物处置中的“法益结合”问题

行为人通过盗窃、诈骗等犯罪行为侵害他人的财产法益,该财产法益并不因犯罪行为的侵害而改变其本权属性。但是,由于物的使用价值属性,该财产法益在被犯罪侵害的过程中往往处于流转和“运动”状态,通常会与其他同样值得法律保护的法益相结合,继而形成一种新的法益形态,即“法益结合”现象。在类型上,“法益结合”存在“准添附型”和“赃物善意取得型”两种类型。在刑事涉案财物处置的“法益结合”情形下,刑事、民事法领域普遍主张的“本权优先”理论立场,可能面临损失扩大禁止、损害后果与因果关系认定复杂、间接损失赔偿无责任主体的实践困惑。因此,在刑事涉案财物处置的过程中,本权者财产法益的保护诉求,不宜绝对主张“本权优先”立场,而应在充分尊重“法益结合”客观现象的基础上,通过“经由债权转化”的路径进行转化,以周延性地保护和平衡各方利益。

A real-time fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm with low dependability cost in on-board computer system

To make the on-board computer system more dependable and real-time in a satellite, an algorithm of the fault-tolerant scheduling in the on-board computer system with high priority recovery is proposed in this paper. This algorithm can schedule the on-board fault-tolerant tasks in real time. Due to the use of dependability cost, the overhead of scheduling the fault-tolerant tasks can be reduced. The mechanism of the high priority recovery will improve the response to recovery tasks. The fault-tolerant scheduling model is presented simulation results validate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.