公路隧道围岩岩体力学本构特征数值分析

文章对诸永高速公路某隧道围岩岩体,开展了数值力学试验,在确定连续微元尺寸δ_c,并获取该围岩岩体的各项基本力学参数的基础上,进一步描述了该围岩岩体的力学本构特征。试验结果显示,当δ<4.6m时,各试体应力应变关系曲线变化幅度较大,其弹性阶段、峰值强度,及蠕变形式等均呈明显的不同;当δ≥4.6m时,则应力应变关系曲线开始趋于稳定,其峰值强度、蠕变规律等也基本相似。

小南海水库地震堰塞坝渗漏特征研究

从病害整治的角度论述了小南海水库地震堰塞坝坝体本构特征、渗漏及渗透稳定、防渗处理措施等,并 介绍了渗流量计算的解析法与系统理论法。

2种纤维弹塑性梁单元特性

首先对2种基于纤维截面的弹塑性梁单元,即沿单元长度积分的纤维弹塑性梁单元和基于子单元法建立的带长度的纤维塑性铰弹塑性梁单元的本构特征进行了分析,然后以地震作用下一桥梁工程为例,从静力和动力2个方面对比了这2种单元的主要非线性特性.结果表明:前者可以模拟受力过程中沿单元长度方向截面刚度的连续变化,后者则可以体现双线性特征;带长度的纤维塑性铰弹塑性梁单元是对纤维弹塑性梁单元的一种较好的近似,但在动力分析中,如果有未屈服构件的显著影响,则会出现相对略大的差异.

Theoretical analysis of characteristics of acoustic emission in rock failure based on statistical damage mechanics

Based on statistical damage mechanics,the constitutive model of a rock underthree-dimensional stress was established by the law that the statistical strength of rockmicro-element obeys Weibull distribution.The acoustic emission (AE) evolution model ofrock failure was put forward according to the view that rock damage and AE were consistent.Moreover,in the failure process of rock under three-dimensional stress,the change inrelationship between stress condition parameter and the characteristic parameters of AE,such as the event number and its change rate,were studied.Also,the rock AE characteristicunder uniaxial compression was analyzed in theory and verified with examples.Theresults indicate that the cumulative event number and change rate of AE in rock failure aredetermined by stress state parameter F.Along with the gradual increase of F,first the cumulativeevent number increases gradually,then rapidly,and then slowly after the stresspeak.The form of change rate of an event by increasing F is consistent with the distributionform of rock micro-element strength.The model explained the phenomenon that a relativelyquiet period of AE appears before rock rupture that is observed by many researchersin experiments.Verification examples indicate that the AE evolution model is consistentwith the test results,so the model is reasonable and correct.

Deformation characteristics and constitutive model of seafloor massive sulfides

Deformation characteristics and constitutive model of seafloor massive sulfide(SMS)were selected as the research object.Uniaxial/triaxial compression test were carried out on the mineral samples,and the deformation characteristics of specimens under various conditions were studied.According to characteristics of the mineral,a new three stages constitutive equation was proposed.The conclusions are as follows:The axial strain,peak strain and maximum strength of seafloor massive sulfide increase with the confining pressure.The elastic modulus of the metal sulfide samples is decreased sharply with the increase of confining pressure.According to characteristics of seafloor massive sulfide,the constitutive equation is divided into three parts,the comparison between theoretical curves and experimental data shows that both of them are in good agreement,which also proves the correctness of the constitutive equation for uniaxial compression.

Vehicle detection algorithm based on codebook and local binary patterns algorithms

Detecting the moving vehicles in jittering traffic scenes is a very difficult problem because of the complex environment.Only by the color features of the pixel or only by the texture features of image cannot establish a suitable background model for the moving vehicles. In order to solve this problem, the Gaussian pyramid layered algorithm is proposed, combining with the advantages of the Codebook algorithm and the Local binary patterns(LBP) algorithm. Firstly, the image pyramid is established to eliminate the noises generated by the camera shake. Then, codebook model and LBP model are constructed on the low-resolution level and the high-resolution level of Gaussian pyramid, respectively. At last, the final test results are obtained through a set of operations according to the spatial relations of pixels. The experimental results show that this algorithm can not only eliminate the noises effectively, but also save the calculating time with high detection sensitivity and high detection accuracy.

Effect of volume changes on complete deformation behavior of rocks

For the purpose of describing the deformation characteristics of rocks,the effect of volume changes on mechanical properties of rocks should be taken into account with relation to the development of constitutive model.Firstly,rocks are divided into three parts,i.e.,voids,a damaged part and an undamaged part in the course of loading.The void ratio was applied to describing the changes of voids or pores during the deformation process.Then,using statistical damage theory,a constitutive model was developed for rocks to describe their strain softening and hardening on the basis of investigating the relationship between the net stress and apparent stress,in which the influence of volume changes on rock behavior was correctly taken into account,such as the initial phase of compaction and the latter stage of dilation.Thirdly,a method of determining model parameters was also presented.Finally,this model was used to compare the theoretical results with those observed from experiments under conventional triaxial loading conditions.

流程型制造流程的本质与共性规律

从开放动态系统整体运行的观点出发,提出流程型制造流程是由相关的异质异构的工序/装置通过一系列链接件(“界面”技术群)集成构建起来的工程系统;讨论了流程型制造流程耗散结构的集成构建过程,提出了流程型制造流程动态运行的物理本质及其工程化模型,揭示了制造流程动态运行的本构特征;归纳了制造流程的工程设计和生产运行过程中“虚”“实”结合的理念及其工程哲学意蕴,提出了“流”乃本体,以“流”观化的基本观点。

Novel donor-spacer-acceptor compound as the multifunctional component of exciplexes for efficient organic light-emitting diodes

By connecting tercarbazole(3 Cz)and triphenyltriazine(TRz)units with a diphenyl ether group,we designed and synthesized a new donor-spacer-acceptor structure molecule9’-(4-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenoxy)phenyl)-9’H-9,3’:6’,9"-tercarbazole(3 Cz-o-TRz)as the multifunctional component of exciplex emitters.As expected,the intermolecular charge-transfer transition is dominant for3 Cz-o-TRz because of the space-enough and conjugation-forbidden linkage of the diphenyl ether group,increasing the intrinsic characteristics of the 3 Cz and TRz moieties in its single-molecule state.Accordingly,three common electron acceptors(4,6-bis(3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-2-methylpyrimidine(B3 PyMPm),4,6-bis(3,5-di(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-2-methylpyrimidine(B4 PyMPm),and(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(benzene-3,1-diyl)tris(diphenylphosphineoxide)(POT2 T))and three common electron donors(4,4’-(cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis(N,N-di-p-tolylaniline)(TAPC),tris(4-(10 H-phenoxazin-10-yl)phenyl)amine(TPA-PXZ),and N1-phenyl-N4,N4-bis(4-(phenyl(m-tolyl)amino)phenyl)-N1-(m-tolyl)benzene-1,4-diamine(m-MTDATA))were chosen to construct six exciplex emitters with 3 Cz-o-TRz.In the organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),the emission spectra of these exciplex emitters could be gradually modulated from 510 to 590 nm.In addition,TAPC:3 Cz-o-TRz-and 3 Cz-o-TRz:PO-T2 T-based OLEDs achieved desirable performance with maximum external quantum efficiencies(EQEs)around 12%.Moreover,a simple tandem OLED containing TAPC:3 Cz-o-TRz and 3 Czo-TRz:PO-T2 T emitters realized optimal performance with an ultralow turn-on voltage of 2.4 V and a maximum EQE of14.1%.These results indicate the great potential of the donorspacer-acceptor structure compounds in developing exciplex emitters.