论本校课程建构

三类课程边界困扰、校本课程话语演进、课程实施关键问题反思,构成了本校课程提出的实践逻辑。本校课程具有全面性、统整性、具体性和扎根性,这四方面彼此关联。基于本校课程的基本特性,坚守学生立场,注重学习本位,拟从学习时间、学本课程和学习空间三维角度,进行课程校本转化和重构。本校课程建构需要国家政策扶持、地方区域推进和学校积极营造。

重提一个命题:国家课程的实践命运——以“校长对国家课程的地位赋予”为例

研究国家课程,不仅要研究国家课程本身(课程方案、课程标准、教材等),而且要研究国家课程的“实践命运”,审视国家课程在学校中究竟得到怎样的实施、实施效果究竟如何、倘若实施效果不佳乃至较差则究竟是何原因等。笔者近三十年前曾提出“课程的实践命运”这一命题(其确切表达即为“国家课程的实践命运”),并对影响国家课程实践命运的教师因素与学生因素进行了初步探讨。本文现在重提这一命题,认为影响国家课程实践命运的学校内部因素主要有三个,即作为课程实施主体的校长、作为课程施教主体的教师及作为课程学习主体的学生;其影响分别体现为校长对国家课程的“地位赋予”、教师对国家课程的“内容重组”、学生对国家课程的“文化反应”。在三十年前探讨的基础上,本文聚焦于作为课程实施主体的校长,指出不论在“积极”的意义上,还是在“消极”的意义上,校长都对国家课程在本校课程系统中的实际地位进行着事实上的“赋予”。这是我们认识、审视及反思国家课程实施乃至国家课程本身时不可忽略的一个基本常识。这意味着,国家课程在学校中安身立命并非易事,国家课程在学校中的地位充满不确定性,对于国家课程本身需要边实施、边反思。

学校课程发展的进阶路径

我国中小学学校课程发展的进阶路径为:从"预留地"自主开发到国家/地方课程的校本转化,进而发展到"本校课程"的整体规划与实施。"预留地"自主开发是在弹性时间完成"规定动作",是学校课程发展初期较可行的做法。进而,学校可以通过增删、调适、整合、生成新课程,实现国家/地方课程的校本转化,使校本课程与国家/地方课程建立整体关联。在此基础上,再通过自主、整体的课程设计,如优化隐性课程等,形成个性化的"本校课程"。

智慧教育的课程论基础

针对当前课程建设存在价值错误、开发随意、实施无序、评价混乱、教材粗滥等乱像,智慧教育提出＂本校的课程＂这一概念,从国家课程校本化、必修的校本课程、选修的校本课程和特色活动课程化等四个维度思考顶层设置的＂本校的课程＂。

Children's expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through two years of school-based program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and physical activity

Purpose：The present study examined the patterns of children＇s expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and total physical activity.Methods：The sample comprised 401 children aged 9–13 years from 3 small towns located in North-East Finland.All children received school-based activities across 2-year program from Grades 5 to 7.The present data were collected using questionnaires across 3 measurement phases during 2012–2014.Results：The levels of expectancy beliefs and subjective task values indicated to be relatively high and the development was stable through the program,especially in terms of expectancy beliefs,attainment value,and cost.In contrast,interest value and utility value decreased over the particular period of time.Boys believed they are physically more competent when compared to other students and valued physical education classes more important than girls.In addition,the higher the physical activity level the children reported,the higher the physical education enjoyment they perceived.Conclusion：The current program including actions to increase physical activity through manipulation of psychological and physical school environment modification indicated to be an effective strategy to prohibit declining levels of children＇s expectancy beliefs and task values.

A research on the school-based curriculums development in collage public art education construction

Based on an analysis of the existing problems of collage public art education in China, the paper discussed the connotation ofXi＇ an physical education University constructing a ＂one foundation and two supplements ＂ public art education curriculums system with its own characteristics and personality, and generalized the principles and concrete measures we should pay attention to during development of school-based curriculum of public art education.

The Way of the Novice English Teachers＇ Professional Development in Secondary School

In the modern times, the professional development of teachers is a hot topic among the educational world. Facilitating the professional development of teachers is one of a most important way to improve the teachers＇ personalities. However, how to facilitate the professional development of the novice English teacher in the secondary school is still a big and headache problem in front of all education managers and all novice English teachers. For this reason, it has a huge practical significance to look for some ways to research the professional development of the novice English teachers in secondary school. The objective of this research is to promote the professional development of novice English teachers in secondary school through a wide range of ways. It also aims to promote the whole personalities of all English teachers and the whole English teaching qualities. This paper wiU research in how to promote and facilitate the professional development of the novice English teachers in secondary school from the parts of country, school and teachers. Specificly speaking, from the perspective of country, it contains the way of some short trains for novice teachers from superior educational department and some educational action research; From the perspective of the secondary school, it includes school-based in-service training, the exploitation of school-based curriculum and learning team; From the perspective of teacher themselves, it includes teaching reflection, observing other teachers＇ class and using micro-teaching to promote teachers＇ teaching skills.