课程游戏化背景下的幼儿园园本生态课程构建研究

生态教育、现代化教育的发展,使得园本生态课程构建质量成为衡量幼儿园课程标准化的基础。而受到幼儿年龄、社会经验等因素的影响,教师仅采用单向知识传输的方式,无法显著提高幼儿对园本生态课程的兴趣。对此,教师需要注重课程游戏的引入。本文从课程游戏化的重要性出发,分析幼儿园园本生态课程构建的思路与原则,并针对当前幼儿园园本生态课程构建中存在的问题,提出具有针对性的建议,以供相关人员参考。

当陕北传统音乐文化遭遇现代——兼及传统文化的“本生态”、“衍生态”、“再生态”问题

陕北传统音乐文化的源头在陕北乡村生活里，陕北传统音乐文化必定作用于陕北乡村社会生活需要。然而，当乡村社会生活的环境发生了改变，那么，稳固在乡村民俗活动中的音乐形态及其音乐行为是否还能够坚守固有的方式？回答虽然是否定的，但并非没有出路。一是要搞清楚传统文化的“本生态”、“衍生态”与生存环境的关系，调整好对待传统文化的基本认识和心态；二是要杜绝过度渲染和极端娱乐化趋向。既要看到传统文化中存在的不可逆转性，也要看到其可被激发与超越的再生创意基因。只有在尊重区域文化传统、尊重艺术表现规律、了解现代社会文化需要的前提下，才可能在传统与现代之间摸寻出一条相互兼容的良性发展之路。

“以人为本”生态伦理观的路径探究

随着科学技术与社会经济的发展,人类的实践活动范围进一步扩大,人类对自然生态环境的破坏问题也日益严峻。人们面临着风险社会的常态化,在反思以往的以物为本和人类中心主义的伦理观念的基础上提出自然生态伦理观,但由此陷入了脱离人的主体性地位而进行的纯粹道德层面上的价值探讨,从而造成生态伦理观念上的虚无主义,这无益于生态活动的践行。在新时代中国特色社会主义建设中,我们应该看到人是社会关系的主体,凡是某种关系都是为我而存在的,人类通过实践活动将生态资源纳入人类社会发展关系的网格中,人与生态环境同处于生命共同体中。脱离历史处境与主、客体关系而谈论的生态伦理观是无济于事的,以人为本的生态伦理观是着眼于全球生命共同体的利益,在我国生态文明建设实践地基础上发展的,以全人类共同价值为旨归的生态伦理观。

“两型社会”自然生态环境保护的基本思路与对策——以长沙市大河西先导区为例

为了达到"两型社会"环境友好的目标,保障城市基本生态安全,防止城市建设无序蔓延,本规划根据大河西先导区的现状与建设发展情况,确定湿地、山林地、基本农田保护区、水源涵养区、生态廊道和绿地为其基本生态保护要素,原则性划定各要素的保护界线与要求,并划分禁建区、限建区和适建区,指导城市建设用地的合理布局。

以人为本，生态造园——南山公园改造之我见

本文通过对极具历史的南山公园改造规划的描述，阐明了在城市公园规划设计和建设中，应该遵循两个原则，一、以人为本，生态造园，使人与自然和谐共存；二、返璞归真、回归自然，保持环境的可持续发展原则。

新高考背景下生本生态教学理念在高中英语教学中的应用

教育能促使社会进步,英语作为众多交流中的普遍交流方式,所以在教学中不仅要让学生会答题,更要让学生会应用,使学生通过英语学习更好的了解交流的方式。而新高考对英语的整体权重进行调整,要求英语考试更重视使用性语言知识内容的考察。所以本文主要概述新高考背景下生本生态教学模式应用的具体方略,希望学生能在生本生态教学模式下,更好的进行英语单科复习。

马克思主义与生态辩证法

马克思所提出的囊括人类、自然和社会三重维度的"新陈代谢"这一概念,饱含着深邃的生态世界观,是生态哲学中的核心概念。这一世界观是劳动价值论和生态价值论的有机统一,蕴含着独到的生态辩证法。在一定意义上,生态辩证法在马克思主义理论体系中占据中心地位。针对当前流行的那些企图淡化马克思生态思想的理论诘难,有必要利用生态辩证法对其作出有力的回应,以期重构马克思主义理论。马克思生态辩证法的未来愿景是:创造一个可持续的、共同发展的人类社会,使联合起来的生产者可以合理调节人类—自然—社会之间的新陈代谢,从而推动人的自由全面发展。

传统节日民俗的变迁与重构——基于身体民俗的视角

当下社会传统节日的传承语境、传承主体、传承途径和表征意义均发生了变迁与重构。从身体民俗的角度看,文化主体对信仰与仪式的实践途径增加,感知更为丰富;对节日物质象征体系的理解更为多元化;而对节期活动的参与体验更为形象生动。将传统节日的变迁与重构置于学术话语中,我们应该以传承、变化、发展的眼光看待民俗,保持传统节日的民俗心理与身体感知。

Ultimate pit optimization with ecological cost for open pit metal mines

The ecological costs of open pit metal mining are quantified, which include lost value of direct eco-services, lost value of indirect eco-services, prevention and restoration costs, and cost of carbon emission from energy consumption. These ecological costs are incorporated in an iterative ultimate pit optimization algorithm. A case study is presented to demonstrate the influence of ecological costs on pit design outcome. The results show that it is possible to internalize ecological costs in mine designs. The pit optimization outcome shifts considerably to the conservative side and the profitability decreases substantially when ecological costs are accounted for.

Appropriate Garden Design of Primitive Ecology Based on the Indigenization of Environmental Ethics

The accelerating urbanization process leads to aggravated environmental problems, thus garden design which is a creative activity connecting human and nature has attracted much attention, and also garden designers have had to rethink about environmental ethics and morals. This study, from the perspective of environmental ethics, duly proposed the brand-new concept of 'appropriate garden of primitive ecology', proceeded from the orientation, form, value, theoretical basis, realistic significance, culture and consumption psychology of 'garden of primitive ecology', fully developed outstanding ecological wisdoms and morals in traditional Chinese garden culture, boosted garden designs to the environmental ethics level of eco-justice, to seek for the approach to 'garden of primitive ecology' with indigenous Chinese environmental ethic characteristics.

Study on the Residential Planning and Design in Subu Town of Anhui Province

The scientific research theory of Chinese contemporary art residential environment were carried out from the aspects of the people-centered and ecological environment. This study absorbed the essence of Chinese local ecological of the residential environment, for the use of contemprorary design. Through the practice of residential planning in Subu Town of Anhui Province, based on the protection of rural environment, the research completed according to local conditions and strategies for sustainable development.

The Basic Indexes and Practices of Regional Ecological Agricultural Construction in Dabie Mountains——A Case Study of Huanggang,Hubei

Taking Huanggang city as an example, the requirements of basic indexes for the regional ecological agricultural construction in Dabie Mountains were ana- lyzed and the measures that must be taken in implementing the in the Dabie Mountains were proposed.

Exploration of Water and Soil Conservation's Function in Construction of Eco-environment

Eco-environment lays foundation for human existence and development, and social and economy evolvement. Therefore, it is a fundamental principle to pro- tact and construct eco-environment and achieve sustainable development. With ur- ban development, and destruction on natural environment, however, the issue of water and soil losses has become a serious problem, affecting people＇s life and production. The research, therefore, explored the role of water and soil conservation in ecological civilization construction, including bomprehensive treatment of water storage and sand reduction, improving agricultural structure and advancing rural econ- omy, relieving the conflict between supply and demand of water resources, improv- ing eco-environment in mountainous regions and accelerating eco-construction.

Transaction Costs in Global Ecology Policy-Making

Global environmental meeting, legislating a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases for planet earth, is what mankind now hopes for, having realized the enormous dangers in the process of climate change. Global warming is no longer denied by the so-called cornucopians （e.g. Lomberg）, but global policy-making originating in reunions of 190 governments or more stumble on collective action difficulties, spelled out in game theory. Paris will not succeed where Copenhagen failed, namely to arrive at a binding and enforceable global environment policy that will be implemented before it is too late. Instead, there will be massive transaction costs from negotiating and re-negotiating, endless voting, the making of promises exante and reneging ex post, as well as the futile attempts at any enforcement action, given state sovereignty. Mankind will have to learn how to cope with the outcomes of global warming, as resilience is the only hope.

Theory and practice of value management and its innovation for natural resources from the perspective of sustainable development

The supreme obstacle for sustainable development of natural resources is the scarecity, bottleneck. So how to promote the sustainable utilizing and increase the using efficiency of natural resources is worth studying. This paper suggests that we should improve the model and means of evaluating method and value management based on th~ theory of natural resource compensation. This paper discusses the User Cost Method based on the microeeonomicaspect which can change the evaluating method for natural resources. From the perspective of value managemen model, we should use the User Cost Method to realize the linkage and integration of micro and macro eompensation for natural resources. Based on the evaluating and aecounting idea User Cost Method, this paper presents a theo. retical framework to harmonize and link micro and macro compensation for natural resources. At present, we should seek the new approach and method to manage natural resources, so can we realize the capitalization managemen focusing on the vahte management for natural resources.

Utilization of Waste Cooking Oil as Diesel Fuel and Improvement in Combustion and Emission

Due to high price of Straight Vegetable Oil （SVO） for bio-diesel production, the use of Waste Cooking Oil （WCO） will be cost effective. Furthermore, utilization of WCO will refrain waterways pollution and endanger ecosystem. In Malaysia, more than 50-tone of WCO from various sources was produced every day. This study evaluates combustion performance and exhaust emission characteristics of several WCOs with different sources. Modification on fuel properties has been done to improve the combustion and exhaust emission of using WCO as diesel fuel. Regular diesel fuel also has been used for comparison in the test. A 0.6 liter, single-cylinder, air-cooled direct injection diesel engine was used to perform this experiment. Experiment was done at variable engine loads at constant speed.

Genetic Diversity of Cameroon Native Goat Populations Revealed by Caprine Microsatellites

A total of seventeen caprine microsatellite markers were used on 169 goats to investigate genetic diversity of eight Cameroon native goat populations and to assess genetic differentiation with the East African small goat. All microsatellites showed a high polymorphic content （PIC） of more than 0.5 in almost all ecotypes. These microsatellite markers were useful for native goat ecotypes variability assessment. Expected heterozygosity of all ecotypes was above 0.5, varying from 0.2 to 0.7. Only goats from Eastern rainforest ecotype deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test （P 〉 0.001）. Although geographic distribution was a good indication of differentiation, there appeared a tendency of genetic exchange between various ecotypes in Cameroon native goats.

A Preliminary Application of the Differential Evolution Algorithm to Calculate the CNOP

A projected skill is adopted by use of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm to calculate a conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP). The CNOP is the maximal value of a constrained optimization problem with a constraint condition, such as a ball constraint. The success of the DE algorithm lies in its ability to handle a non-differentiable and nonlinear cost function. In this study, the DE algorithm and the traditional optimization algorithms used to obtain the CNOPs are compared by analyzing a theoretical grassland ecosystem model and a dynamic global vegetation model. This study shows that the CNOPs generated by the DE algorithm are similar to those by the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm and the spectral projected gradients (SPG2) algorithm. If the cost function is non-differentiable, the CNOPs could also be caught with the DE algorithm. The numerical results suggest the DE algorithm can be employed to calculate the CNOP, especially when the cost function is non-differentiable.

Open pit limit optimization considering economic profit,ecological costs and social benefits

Pit limit design has,up to date,focused mainly on maximization of economic profit alone,with environmental and social issues largely ignored.This paper focuses on incorporating both environmental and social issues in the pit limit design process and provides an approach to pit limit optimization that is in compliance with sustainable development.The case study demonstrates that ecological costs have a substantial down-sizing effect and social benefits have a substantial up-sizing effect on the optimal pit limit.When the ecological costs are factored in,the optimal pit limit is 37.5%smaller than the economically optimal pit limit.However,when the social benefits are factored in,the optimal pit limit is 48.3%larger than the economically optimal one.The overall optimal pit limit,with the economic profit,ecological costs and social benefits simultaneously considered,is a result of balancing conflicting goals of maximizing economic profit,minimizing ecological cost,and maximizing social benefit.

Woody Species Diversity and Forest Structure from Lowland to Montane Forest in Hyrcanian Forest Ecoregion

Alborz Mountains host Caspian Hyrcanian forest ecoregion along the northern slopes and forest steppe ecoregion in highlands. Hyrcanian forest covers the southeastern part of Caucasus biodiversity hotspot and is of great biogeographic importance. Altitudinal pattern and correlation between woody species biodiversity （DIV）, forest structure （（stem density （DEN）, mean basal area （MBA） and mean height class （MHC）） and disturbance （DIS） were explored along 2,4oo m altitudinal gradient in Hyrcanian relict forest, Central Alborz Mountains. Vegetation changes from lowland forest （LoF） to mid- altitude forest （MiF） and montane forest （MoF） in this area. The altitudinal gradient was divided into twelve 200 m elevational belts. Point centered quarter method （PCQM） with 96 sampling points and 83 vegetation samples by plot method （PM） were used to record field data. Shannon-Wiener index and Pearson coefficient were used for diversity and correlation analysis. The results showed that DEN decreased linearly, MBA and MHC showed relatively hump shaped and DIS showed a reverse hump shaped pattern of change along altitudinal gradient. Woody species diversity decreased non-steadily from LoF to MoF. Transitional vegetations of Carpinus-Fagus and Fagus-Quercus represented higher diversity of woody taxa compared to adjacent homogenous communities. Significant correlation was observed between altitude and all parameters： DEN with MBA, DIS and DIV; MBA with DIS; MHC with DIS along with DIV; and DIS with DIV at the study area scale. Surprisingly,correlation between studied parameters differed within each vegetation type. Altitude probably acts as a proxy for human and environmental driving forces in this area. Stability of warm and wet condition, season length, soil depth along with forest accessibility probably influences the altitudinal pattern of the studied parameters. Disturbance affects forest structure and consequently diversity; especially in lowlands. The obtained results recommend using both forest biodiversity and mensuration data in management process of forest ecosystems.