Let X be a metric space with an ordering structure,A: X→X is a operator and x≤Ax for any x∈X. In this paper we prove a new fixed point theorem, which generalizes famous caristi fixed point theorem.
There has been a great deal of research on the driving force of aviation network.Moreover, the research methods and perspectives are also varied.This article mainly studies the driving force of aviation network,the in...There has been a great deal of research on the driving force of aviation network.Moreover, the research methods and perspectives are also varied.This article mainly studies the driving force of aviation network,the influencing factors of main driving force are analyzed.The driving force analysis of different airport and route is carried out respectively.The results can better reveal the connection mechanism of solid routes.Because the sample space of the hub airport and the trunk airport is too small,the conclusions are not sufficiently illustrative,therefore, this article studies only the branch airports.The conclusions are compared with the results of the comprehensive analysis,and we see if the conclusions are the same or similar.展开更多
In this paper,the solution of a parallel redundant repairable system is investigated.by using the method of functional analysis.Especially,the linear semigroups of operator theory on Banach space,we prove the existenc...In this paper,the solution of a parallel redundant repairable system is investigated.by using the method of functional analysis.Especially,the linear semigroups of operator theory on Banach space,we prove the existence of the strictly dominant eigenvalue,and show the linear stability of solution.展开更多
In some satellite communications, we need to perform Direction Of Arrival (DOA) angle estima- tion under the restriction that the number of receivers is less than that of the array elements in an array antenna. To sol...In some satellite communications, we need to perform Direction Of Arrival (DOA) angle estima- tion under the restriction that the number of receivers is less than that of the array elements in an array antenna. To solve the conundrum, a method named subarray-synthesis-based Two-Dimensional DOA (2D DOA) angle estimation is proposed. In the method, firstly, the array antenna is divided into a series of subarray antennas based on the total number of receivers; secondly, the subarray antennas’ output covariance matrices are esti- mated; thirdly, an equivalent covariance matrix is synthesized based on the subarray output covariance matri- ces; then 2D DOA estimation is performed. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the estimation method is ef- fective.展开更多
This paper presents a feature extraction and correspondence algorithm which employs a novel feature transform. Unlike conventional approaches such as Hough Transform, we employ a robust but simple approach to extract ...This paper presents a feature extraction and correspondence algorithm which employs a novel feature transform. Unlike conventional approaches such as Hough Transform, we employ a robust but simple approach to extract the geometrical feature under real dynamic world conditions. Multi-threshold segmentation and the split-and-merge method are employed to interpret geometrical features such as edge, concave corners, convex corners, and segments in a unified framework. The features are represented by feature tree (F-Tree) so as to compactly represent the environments and some important properties of the F-Tree are discussed in this paper. To demonstrate the validity of the approach, we show the actual experiment results which are based on real Laser Range Finder data and real time analysis. The comparative study with Hough Transform shows the advantages and the high performance of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Variations of sea surface height （SSH） in the Kuroshio south of Japan are addressed by analyzing 19-year （1993-2011） altimetry data from AVISO. Regionally averaged time series of observed SSH had a rising linear t...Variations of sea surface height （SSH） in the Kuroshio south of Japan are addressed by analyzing 19-year （1993-2011） altimetry data from AVISO. Regionally averaged time series of observed SSH had a rising linear trend at 2.64＋0.72 mrn/a in this period. By analyzing the power spectra, several periods were recognized in temporal SSH variations, including those around 90 and 360 days. The seasonal cycle of SSH was minimum in winter （February） and maximum in summer （August）, with peak-to-peak amplitude about 20.0 cm. The spatial distribution of linear trends was inhomogeneous, with a rising linear trend along the coastline and a tripole structure offshore. Spatial distributions of standard deviation of seasonal SSH show very dynamic activities in the southeast of Kyushu and south of Honshu. Seasonal variations of observed SSH are partially explained by surface buoyancy forcing, local wind forcing and the steric component related to subsurface water beneath the mixed layer. Results show different spatial distributions of correlation coefficient and estimation skill between seasonally observed and modeled SSH, which are calculated from surface buoyancy flux, local wind forcing and the steric component related to subsurface water. Of those three, the surface buoyancy flux has a greater contribution to variations of observed SSH on the seasonal time scale south of Japan.展开更多
This study is to explore a suitable method to classify landform, in order to support the decision making for community siting in mountainous areas.It first proposes the landform classification for community siting(LCC...This study is to explore a suitable method to classify landform, in order to support the decision making for community siting in mountainous areas.It first proposes the landform classification for community siting(LCCS) method with detailed discussions on its rationality and the chosen parameters.This method is then tested and verified in Quxian county.The LCCS method entails twograde parameters, which uses relative relief as the first grading parameter, slope as the second, followed by a synthesis process to form a suitable landform classification system.By applying the LCCS method in Quxian county, the result shows that its use of watershed to identify geomorphometric units, and its use of the altitude datum concept, can effectively classify landform according to the local cultural traditions, and the economic and environmental conditions.The verification result shows that comparing to the conventional methods, the LCCS method respects to people's daily experience due to its bottom-up approach.It not only help to minimize the disturbance to the nature when choosing locations for community development, but also helps to prepare more precise land management policies,which maximizes agricultural production and minimizes terrain transformation.展开更多
The amount of waste heat in a space facility became larger, because of increase in the space platform size and its power consumption. It requires development of high-performance space thermal management systems handli...The amount of waste heat in a space facility became larger, because of increase in the space platform size and its power consumption. It requires development of high-performance space thermal management systems handling a large amount of waste. Boiling two-phase flow could become powerful means for this system because a boiling and condensation system is one of the most efficient modes of heat transfer due to phase change （liquid-vapor）. However, gravity effects on boiling two-phase flow phenomena and the corresponding heat transfer characteristics are not clear. Therefore, we prepare the experiments of boiling two-phase flow utilizing a long-term microgravity environment onboard a Japanese Experimental Module ＂KIBO＂ in the International Space Station （ISS） as one of the JAXA official projects. In this paper, recent progress of the preparation for the project is reported.展开更多
This research paper describes the tsunami damage to tide walls observed using aerial photographs and field investigations at 13 locations along the coast of Iwate Prefecture, where significant tsunami damage occurred ...This research paper describes the tsunami damage to tide walls observed using aerial photographs and field investigations at 13 locations along the coast of Iwate Prefecture, where significant tsunami damage occurred as a result of the Great East Japan Earthquake. This paper also summarizes the characteristics of the damage. The tide walls in Iwate Prefecture were constructed on a ria （hilly type） coast, this geographical feature of lwate being different from that of the other disaster areas, primarily Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures. The results of our investigations show that all the devastated tide walls suffered from overflow before being damaged. In particular, the sloping and vertical type tide walls with slope protection were damaged by scouring of the infill sand or back fill soil due to the overflow of the tsunami. In the case of vertical type tide walls without slope protection, damage was caused by scouring of the back fill soil.展开更多
The tourist industry, as global mass phenomenon, is inextricably linked to the evolution of air transport systems and air carriers, in turn, depends on tourism to ensure stability in routes and prices. Therefore, both...The tourist industry, as global mass phenomenon, is inextricably linked to the evolution of air transport systems and air carriers, in turn, depends on tourism to ensure stability in routes and prices. Therefore, both sectors must face the new challenges together, the transport industry is heading a problem of energy and cost overruns, that inevitably will affect tourism in the short term. The first energy crisis that they are starting to live, has been mitigated by changes in three parameters： （1） the international regulation of commercial aviation; （2） the connectivity and business （birth of low cost companies） models; and （3） the new policies for climate change and gas emission. So far, the rapid growth of the tourist industry has being held on a fast and cheap access to transport energy resources based on the false belief of unlimited access to energy. The article is a review of the state of the art, and the research papers published on air transportation, relating to tourism and the emergence of low cost airlines, in order to give a global vision for the decision makers of mass destinations, as it is the case of the Canary Islands that we will use as a reference.展开更多
We argue that genuine biological autonomy, or described at human level as free will, requires taking into account quantum vacuum processes in the context of biological teleology. One faces at least three basic problem...We argue that genuine biological autonomy, or described at human level as free will, requires taking into account quantum vacuum processes in the context of biological teleology. One faces at least three basic problems of genuine biological autonomy： （1） if biological autonomy is not physical, where does it come from？ （2） Is there a room for biological causes？ And （3） how to obtain a workable model of biological teleology？ It is shown here that the solution of all these three problems is related to the quantum vacuum. We present a short review of how this basic aspect of the fundamentals of quantum theory, although it had not been addressed for nearly 100 years, actually it was suggested by Bohr, Heisenberg, and others. Realizing that the quantum mechanical measurement problem associated with the ＂collapse＂ of the wave function is related, in the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics, to a process between self-consciousness and the external physical environment, we are extending the issue for an explanation of the different processes occurring between living organisms and their internal environment. Definitions of genuine biological autonomy, biological aim, and biological spontaneity are presented. We propose to improve the popular two-stage model of decisions with a biological model suitable to obtain a deeper look at the nature of the mind-body problem. In the newly emerging picture biological autonomy emerges as a new, fundamental and inevitable element of the scientific worldview.展开更多
Labor migration to urban centers is a common phenomenon in the Panxi region of the southwestern mountainous region of China, mainly owing to inadequate livelihood capital in rural areas. Numerous studies have been con...Labor migration to urban centers is a common phenomenon in the Panxi region of the southwestern mountainous region of China, mainly owing to inadequate livelihood capital in rural areas. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between labor migration and its causes, such as individual and family characteristics, but few studies have focused on livelihood capital. This paper examines the impact factors on labor migration employment location selection and duration from a household livelihood capital perspective. A case study of 279 households from 10 villages in the area was carried out in February 2016. We used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. On the basis of the 279 questionnaires, the proportion of households with non-labor migration is 48.4%, whereas households with labor migration within a local city and migration across regions account for 28.7% and 22.9%, respectively. Social, financial, and human capitals are the primary factors that influence migrants' employment location choice positively. Among them, social capital has a significant impact on both migration within a local city and across regions; each of the regression coefficients is 1.111 and 1.183. Social, human, and financial capitals also have a positive impact on the duration of labor migration, and similarly, social capital is the highest coefficient with 2.489. However, physical capital only partly impacts labor migration across regions, whereas the impact of labor migration within a local city, and the duration, are not significant. Furthermore, the impact of household natural capital on migration space and time are all negative relationships, especially for labor migration across the regions and duration, with coefficient scores of 4.836 and 3.450, respectively. That is to say, a laborer is inclined to migrate within a local city for a short term, or not migrate at all, if natural capital is abundant. Our analysis results show that household livelihood capital has a strong spatio-temporal impact on labor migration.展开更多
文摘Let X be a metric space with an ordering structure,A: X→X is a operator and x≤Ax for any x∈X. In this paper we prove a new fixed point theorem, which generalizes famous caristi fixed point theorem.
文摘There has been a great deal of research on the driving force of aviation network.Moreover, the research methods and perspectives are also varied.This article mainly studies the driving force of aviation network,the influencing factors of main driving force are analyzed.The driving force analysis of different airport and route is carried out respectively.The results can better reveal the connection mechanism of solid routes.Because the sample space of the hub airport and the trunk airport is too small,the conclusions are not sufficiently illustrative,therefore, this article studies only the branch airports.The conclusions are compared with the results of the comprehensive analysis,and we see if the conclusions are the same or similar.
基金Supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Henan Education Committee(2008A110022)
文摘In this paper,the solution of a parallel redundant repairable system is investigated.by using the method of functional analysis.Especially,the linear semigroups of operator theory on Banach space,we prove the existence of the strictly dominant eigenvalue,and show the linear stability of solution.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60462002 and No.60302006).
文摘In some satellite communications, we need to perform Direction Of Arrival (DOA) angle estima- tion under the restriction that the number of receivers is less than that of the array elements in an array antenna. To solve the conundrum, a method named subarray-synthesis-based Two-Dimensional DOA (2D DOA) angle estimation is proposed. In the method, firstly, the array antenna is divided into a series of subarray antennas based on the total number of receivers; secondly, the subarray antennas’ output covariance matrices are esti- mated; thirdly, an equivalent covariance matrix is synthesized based on the subarray output covariance matri- ces; then 2D DOA estimation is performed. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the estimation method is ef- fective.
文摘This paper presents a feature extraction and correspondence algorithm which employs a novel feature transform. Unlike conventional approaches such as Hough Transform, we employ a robust but simple approach to extract the geometrical feature under real dynamic world conditions. Multi-threshold segmentation and the split-and-merge method are employed to interpret geometrical features such as edge, concave corners, convex corners, and segments in a unified framework. The features are represented by feature tree (F-Tree) so as to compactly represent the environments and some important properties of the F-Tree are discussed in this paper. To demonstrate the validity of the approach, we show the actual experiment results which are based on real Laser Range Finder data and real time analysis. The comparative study with Hough Transform shows the advantages and the high performance of the proposed algorithm.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41230420)the Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Projects of Qingdao(No.11-1-4-95-jch)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-EW-201)
文摘Variations of sea surface height （SSH） in the Kuroshio south of Japan are addressed by analyzing 19-year （1993-2011） altimetry data from AVISO. Regionally averaged time series of observed SSH had a rising linear trend at 2.64＋0.72 mrn/a in this period. By analyzing the power spectra, several periods were recognized in temporal SSH variations, including those around 90 and 360 days. The seasonal cycle of SSH was minimum in winter （February） and maximum in summer （August）, with peak-to-peak amplitude about 20.0 cm. The spatial distribution of linear trends was inhomogeneous, with a rising linear trend along the coastline and a tripole structure offshore. Spatial distributions of standard deviation of seasonal SSH show very dynamic activities in the southeast of Kyushu and south of Honshu. Seasonal variations of observed SSH are partially explained by surface buoyancy forcing, local wind forcing and the steric component related to subsurface water beneath the mixed layer. Results show different spatial distributions of correlation coefficient and estimation skill between seasonally observed and modeled SSH, which are calculated from surface buoyancy flux, local wind forcing and the steric component related to subsurface water. Of those three, the surface buoyancy flux has a greater contribution to variations of observed SSH on the seasonal time scale south of Japan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51478056 and 51208202)
文摘This study is to explore a suitable method to classify landform, in order to support the decision making for community siting in mountainous areas.It first proposes the landform classification for community siting(LCCS) method with detailed discussions on its rationality and the chosen parameters.This method is then tested and verified in Quxian county.The LCCS method entails twograde parameters, which uses relative relief as the first grading parameter, slope as the second, followed by a synthesis process to form a suitable landform classification system.By applying the LCCS method in Quxian county, the result shows that its use of watershed to identify geomorphometric units, and its use of the altitude datum concept, can effectively classify landform according to the local cultural traditions, and the economic and environmental conditions.The verification result shows that comparing to the conventional methods, the LCCS method respects to people's daily experience due to its bottom-up approach.It not only help to minimize the disturbance to the nature when choosing locations for community development, but also helps to prepare more precise land management policies,which maximizes agricultural production and minimizes terrain transformation.
文摘The amount of waste heat in a space facility became larger, because of increase in the space platform size and its power consumption. It requires development of high-performance space thermal management systems handling a large amount of waste. Boiling two-phase flow could become powerful means for this system because a boiling and condensation system is one of the most efficient modes of heat transfer due to phase change （liquid-vapor）. However, gravity effects on boiling two-phase flow phenomena and the corresponding heat transfer characteristics are not clear. Therefore, we prepare the experiments of boiling two-phase flow utilizing a long-term microgravity environment onboard a Japanese Experimental Module ＂KIBO＂ in the International Space Station （ISS） as one of the JAXA official projects. In this paper, recent progress of the preparation for the project is reported.
文摘This research paper describes the tsunami damage to tide walls observed using aerial photographs and field investigations at 13 locations along the coast of Iwate Prefecture, where significant tsunami damage occurred as a result of the Great East Japan Earthquake. This paper also summarizes the characteristics of the damage. The tide walls in Iwate Prefecture were constructed on a ria （hilly type） coast, this geographical feature of lwate being different from that of the other disaster areas, primarily Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures. The results of our investigations show that all the devastated tide walls suffered from overflow before being damaged. In particular, the sloping and vertical type tide walls with slope protection were damaged by scouring of the infill sand or back fill soil due to the overflow of the tsunami. In the case of vertical type tide walls without slope protection, damage was caused by scouring of the back fill soil.
文摘The tourist industry, as global mass phenomenon, is inextricably linked to the evolution of air transport systems and air carriers, in turn, depends on tourism to ensure stability in routes and prices. Therefore, both sectors must face the new challenges together, the transport industry is heading a problem of energy and cost overruns, that inevitably will affect tourism in the short term. The first energy crisis that they are starting to live, has been mitigated by changes in three parameters： （1） the international regulation of commercial aviation; （2） the connectivity and business （birth of low cost companies） models; and （3） the new policies for climate change and gas emission. So far, the rapid growth of the tourist industry has being held on a fast and cheap access to transport energy resources based on the false belief of unlimited access to energy. The article is a review of the state of the art, and the research papers published on air transportation, relating to tourism and the emergence of low cost airlines, in order to give a global vision for the decision makers of mass destinations, as it is the case of the Canary Islands that we will use as a reference.
文摘We argue that genuine biological autonomy, or described at human level as free will, requires taking into account quantum vacuum processes in the context of biological teleology. One faces at least three basic problems of genuine biological autonomy： （1） if biological autonomy is not physical, where does it come from？ （2） Is there a room for biological causes？ And （3） how to obtain a workable model of biological teleology？ It is shown here that the solution of all these three problems is related to the quantum vacuum. We present a short review of how this basic aspect of the fundamentals of quantum theory, although it had not been addressed for nearly 100 years, actually it was suggested by Bohr, Heisenberg, and others. Realizing that the quantum mechanical measurement problem associated with the ＂collapse＂ of the wave function is related, in the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics, to a process between self-consciousness and the external physical environment, we are extending the issue for an explanation of the different processes occurring between living organisms and their internal environment. Definitions of genuine biological autonomy, biological aim, and biological spontaneity are presented. We propose to improve the popular two-stage model of decisions with a biological model suitable to obtain a deeper look at the nature of the mind-body problem. In the newly emerging picture biological autonomy emerges as a new, fundamental and inevitable element of the scientific worldview.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41471469,41601141)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2015CB452706)+1 种基金the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Project of Ministry of Education in China(No.14YJCZH130)Youth Talent Team Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SDSQB-2015-01)
文摘Labor migration to urban centers is a common phenomenon in the Panxi region of the southwestern mountainous region of China, mainly owing to inadequate livelihood capital in rural areas. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between labor migration and its causes, such as individual and family characteristics, but few studies have focused on livelihood capital. This paper examines the impact factors on labor migration employment location selection and duration from a household livelihood capital perspective. A case study of 279 households from 10 villages in the area was carried out in February 2016. We used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. On the basis of the 279 questionnaires, the proportion of households with non-labor migration is 48.4%, whereas households with labor migration within a local city and migration across regions account for 28.7% and 22.9%, respectively. Social, financial, and human capitals are the primary factors that influence migrants' employment location choice positively. Among them, social capital has a significant impact on both migration within a local city and across regions; each of the regression coefficients is 1.111 and 1.183. Social, human, and financial capitals also have a positive impact on the duration of labor migration, and similarly, social capital is the highest coefficient with 2.489. However, physical capital only partly impacts labor migration across regions, whereas the impact of labor migration within a local city, and the duration, are not significant. Furthermore, the impact of household natural capital on migration space and time are all negative relationships, especially for labor migration across the regions and duration, with coefficient scores of 4.836 and 3.450, respectively. That is to say, a laborer is inclined to migrate within a local city for a short term, or not migrate at all, if natural capital is abundant. Our analysis results show that household livelihood capital has a strong spatio-temporal impact on labor migration.
