Objective: To evaluate the performance of polymerasechain reaction (PCR) using self obtained low vaginalswabs (SOLVS) to detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG).Methods: One SOLVS and two cervical swabs werecollected from e...Objective: To evaluate the performance of polymerasechain reaction (PCR) using self obtained low vaginalswabs (SOLVS) to detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG).Methods: One SOLVS and two cervical swabs werecollected from each of 298 female STD clinic attendees.PCR and culture were performed on both samples todetect NG.Results: Thirty-three cases of gonorrhoeae werediagnosed. The sensitivity of cervical culture, cervi-cal swab PCR and SOLVS PCR were 75.8% (25/33),87.9% (29/33) and 97.0% (32/33), respectively. Thespecificities of the respective methods were 100%(265/265), 99.6% (264/265) and 99.6% (264/265).The positive predictive values (PPVs) of the respectivemethods were 100% (25/25), 96.7% (29/30) and97.0% (32/33). The negative predictive values (NPVs)of the respective methods were 97.1% (265/273),98.5% (264/268) and 99.6% (264/265).Conclusions: The performance of SOLVS PCR is atleast as good as that of conventional cervical PCR tech-niques for the detection of NG. SOLVS may take theplace of cervical swabs for screening of NG infectionin women by PCR.展开更多
Fifty years have passed from the first official recognition of the methylmercury （MeHg） poisoning in Niigata （so called the second Minamata disease）, Japan in 2015. The first case of MeHg poisoning was found in Ja...Fifty years have passed from the first official recognition of the methylmercury （MeHg） poisoning in Niigata （so called the second Minamata disease）, Japan in 2015. The first case of MeHg poisoning was found in January 1965, when two surveys were carried out for 20,000 inhabitants lived within 15 km from the mouth of the Agano river. From these surveys, 26 cases （including 5 cases of death） were officially recognized as MeHg poisoning. Moreover, 9 cases who had no symptoms but whose hair mercury concentration were over 200 ppm were found. Within 20 cases, 15 cases are among 26 cases officially recognized as having MeHg poisoning and 5 cases are among 9 cases who had no symptoms but whose hair mercury concentration were over 200 ppm in 1965. The distal dominant sensory disturbances of the extremities lasted for more than several decades among 20 cases. The sensory disturbance of the bilateral distal extremities could be used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of MeHg poisoning in the exposed areas. The distal dominant sensory disturbance of the extremities is a typical characteristic and important sign of the MeHg poisoning.展开更多
Hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP) adaptive streaming(HAS) plays a key role in mobile video transmission. Considering the multi-segment and multi-rate features of HAS, this paper proposes a buffer-driven resource manag...Hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP) adaptive streaming(HAS) plays a key role in mobile video transmission. Considering the multi-segment and multi-rate features of HAS, this paper proposes a buffer-driven resource management(BDRM) method to enhance HAS quality of experience(QoE) in mobile network. Different from the traditional methods only focusing on base station side without considering the buffer, the proposed method takes both station and client sides into account and end user's buffer plays as the drive of whole schedule process. The proposed HAS QoE influencing factors are composed of initial delay, rebuffering and quality level. The BDRM method decomposes the HAS QoE maximization problem into client and base station sides separately to solve it in multicell and multi-user video playing scene in mobile network. In client side, the decision is made based on buffer probe and rate request algorithm by each user separately. It guarantees the less rebuffering events and decides which HAS segment rate to fetch. While, in the base station side, the schedule of wireless resource is made to maximize the quality level of all access clients and decides the final rate pulled from HAS server. The drive of buffer and twice rate request schemes make BDRMtake full advantage of HAS's multi-segment and multi-rate features. As to the simulation results, compared with proportional fair(PF), Max C/I and traditional HAS schedule(THS) methods, the proposed BDRM method decreases rebuffering percent to 1.96% from 11.1% with PF and from 7.01% with THS and increases the mean MOS of all users to 3.94 from 3.42 with PF method and from 2.15 with Max C/I method. It also guarantees a high fairness with 0.98 from the view of objective and subjective assessment metrics.展开更多
Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carri...Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carried out simultaneously in seven Mexican cities, corresponding to warm dry and warm humid climates. In this article, case studies of low-cost dwellings in the city of Hermosillo （in northwest Mexico）, are presented and analyzed. Field surveys were carried out to obtain information about the physical characteristics of the dwellings and their occupants, as well as the indoor thermal environment. Neutral temperature was obtained from the applied survey. The high neutral temperature reveals the effect of inhabitants＇ adaptation mechanism to extreme climates. Occupant comfort votes as a function of indoor air temperatures were analyzed, and different characteristics such as age, size and gender were evaluated separately. The results show the variability of the neutral temperature and the tolerance to temperature changes, depending on the population＇s specific characteristics. In many cases where the population does not have access to artificial acclimatization devices, the neutral temperature values for specific climates and people can inform architects when choosing the most suitable thermal strategies for building design.展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate the performance of polymerasechain reaction (PCR) using self obtained low vaginalswabs (SOLVS) to detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG).Methods: One SOLVS and two cervical swabs werecollected from each of 298 female STD clinic attendees.PCR and culture were performed on both samples todetect NG.Results: Thirty-three cases of gonorrhoeae werediagnosed. The sensitivity of cervical culture, cervi-cal swab PCR and SOLVS PCR were 75.8% (25/33),87.9% (29/33) and 97.0% (32/33), respectively. Thespecificities of the respective methods were 100%(265/265), 99.6% (264/265) and 99.6% (264/265).The positive predictive values (PPVs) of the respectivemethods were 100% (25/25), 96.7% (29/30) and97.0% (32/33). The negative predictive values (NPVs)of the respective methods were 97.1% (265/273),98.5% (264/268) and 99.6% (264/265).Conclusions: The performance of SOLVS PCR is atleast as good as that of conventional cervical PCR tech-niques for the detection of NG. SOLVS may take theplace of cervical swabs for screening of NG infectionin women by PCR.
文摘Fifty years have passed from the first official recognition of the methylmercury （MeHg） poisoning in Niigata （so called the second Minamata disease）, Japan in 2015. The first case of MeHg poisoning was found in January 1965, when two surveys were carried out for 20,000 inhabitants lived within 15 km from the mouth of the Agano river. From these surveys, 26 cases （including 5 cases of death） were officially recognized as MeHg poisoning. Moreover, 9 cases who had no symptoms but whose hair mercury concentration were over 200 ppm were found. Within 20 cases, 15 cases are among 26 cases officially recognized as having MeHg poisoning and 5 cases are among 9 cases who had no symptoms but whose hair mercury concentration were over 200 ppm in 1965. The distal dominant sensory disturbances of the extremities lasted for more than several decades among 20 cases. The sensory disturbance of the bilateral distal extremities could be used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of MeHg poisoning in the exposed areas. The distal dominant sensory disturbance of the extremities is a typical characteristic and important sign of the MeHg poisoning.
基金supported by the 863 project (Grant No. 2014AA01A701) Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 4152047)
文摘Hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP) adaptive streaming(HAS) plays a key role in mobile video transmission. Considering the multi-segment and multi-rate features of HAS, this paper proposes a buffer-driven resource management(BDRM) method to enhance HAS quality of experience(QoE) in mobile network. Different from the traditional methods only focusing on base station side without considering the buffer, the proposed method takes both station and client sides into account and end user's buffer plays as the drive of whole schedule process. The proposed HAS QoE influencing factors are composed of initial delay, rebuffering and quality level. The BDRM method decomposes the HAS QoE maximization problem into client and base station sides separately to solve it in multicell and multi-user video playing scene in mobile network. In client side, the decision is made based on buffer probe and rate request algorithm by each user separately. It guarantees the less rebuffering events and decides which HAS segment rate to fetch. While, in the base station side, the schedule of wireless resource is made to maximize the quality level of all access clients and decides the final rate pulled from HAS server. The drive of buffer and twice rate request schemes make BDRMtake full advantage of HAS's multi-segment and multi-rate features. As to the simulation results, compared with proportional fair(PF), Max C/I and traditional HAS schedule(THS) methods, the proposed BDRM method decreases rebuffering percent to 1.96% from 11.1% with PF and from 7.01% with THS and increases the mean MOS of all users to 3.94 from 3.42 with PF method and from 2.15 with Max C/I method. It also guarantees a high fairness with 0.98 from the view of objective and subjective assessment metrics.
文摘Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carried out simultaneously in seven Mexican cities, corresponding to warm dry and warm humid climates. In this article, case studies of low-cost dwellings in the city of Hermosillo （in northwest Mexico）, are presented and analyzed. Field surveys were carried out to obtain information about the physical characteristics of the dwellings and their occupants, as well as the indoor thermal environment. Neutral temperature was obtained from the applied survey. The high neutral temperature reveals the effect of inhabitants＇ adaptation mechanism to extreme climates. Occupant comfort votes as a function of indoor air temperatures were analyzed, and different characteristics such as age, size and gender were evaluated separately. The results show the variability of the neutral temperature and the tolerance to temperature changes, depending on the population＇s specific characteristics. In many cases where the population does not have access to artificial acclimatization devices, the neutral temperature values for specific climates and people can inform architects when choosing the most suitable thermal strategies for building design.
