提炼课本素材 培养逆向思维

逆向思维是一种基本的思维方法,能否自觉主动的进行逆向思维是思维是否灵活的一个重要标志,常听学生说:“我概念记住了,公式、性质、定理也会背,就是不会解题。”这是什么原因呢?归根结底,就是不能灵活运用概念、公式、性质、定理和基本解题方法。换句话说,就是缺乏思维的灵活性。那么,怎样培养学生思维的灵活性呢?提炼课本素材,培养逆向思维就是一条好的途径,本文就此举例谈谈笔者的作法和意见。

AN ALGORITHM OF DISTANCE CALCULATION BETWEEN A BOUNDING SPHERE AND A BOUNDING CSG PRIMITIVE

A simple method for calculating distance between a solid sphere and a constructive solid geometry (CSG) so lid primitive (including block, cone, cylinder, sphere, wedge and torus) is derived to support the collision detection algorithm. By decomposing the whole space into relative positions and geometric features of the sphere and the primitive considered, closed form distance formula are got. These calculations are very useful in the real time collision detection in which primitives are used as bounding volumes of complex objects.

Studies on Endogenous Hormones and Nutritional Physiology Related to the Premature Senescence of Super-hybrid Rice Liangyoupeijiu and Its Parents at Late Growth Stage

The amount of root bleeding sap, contents of chlorophyl , nutrients and hormones in flag leaves of a super-hybrid rice cultivar Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and its parents 9311 and Pei’ai 64S after heading were measured in this study. The re-sults revealed that compared with 9311, the chlorophyl content of LYPJ reduced more quickly after heading, and then kept at a lower level, which was an obvious characteristic of premature senescence. The other physiological indices of LYPJ af-ter heading except abscisic acid （ABA） content in leaf and root also maintained at a lower level than 9311, while al the physiological indices of the sterile line Pei＇ai 64S were lower than LYPJ. So it was speculated that the early-aging characteristic of LYPJ may be inherited from Pei’ai 64S. Al the leaf and root early-aging traits reduced for LYPJ and its parent lines after heading, their leaf and root aged grad-ual y, which indicated that the above-ground （leaf） and under-ground （root） parts cor-related to each other closely, but there was not absolute correlations between them judged from the data.

China's Industrial Upgrade and Human Capital Improvement

Based on statistics, this paper reviews China＇s economic growth and industrial upgrade since the reform and opening up in 1978 and estimates the contribution of industrial restructuring to economic growth. With the years of schooling as the proxy variable of human capital, this paper describes changes in China＇s labor competence during the industrial restructuring process. Then, this paper estimates China＇s future human capital demand and shortage based on economic and demographic forecast. Lastly, this paper proposes recommendations for improving human capital in China with skills development and education.

企业健康的把脉人——访全国政协委员、传化集团总裁徐冠巨

“两会”春风吹绿江南,记者在西子湖畔采访了浙江传化集团总裁徐冠巨。话题从传化集团获得一亿元信用贷款谈起。

享受美味——吃河豚

日本素有“冒死吃河豚”的习惯,因为河豚有剧毒,误食致命。可河豚肉质鲜美,食客经不起诱惑,宁肯以命相抵。如今,吃河豚并非是一种冒险行为,而是享受美味、享受生活的时尚。在日本。

科学家与铸魂——《科学家的故事》系列丛书读后

中共党史出版社,本素以其革命理论、经典著作、重要文献、政治思想工作及革命传统教育等方面的优秀产品而享誉出版界。最近,它又推出了《科学家的故事》系列丛书。此丛书由国家教委中央教育科学研究所组织各方面专家写成。它选择了与中小学基础课相关的10门科学,即数、理、化、天、地、生六大基础科学及计算机、农业、海洋、航空航天四门重要的应用科学,分别按照每门科学发展的历史阶段,

Retrieving reuse component based on semantic

According to the current research status of component retrieval, the component description model based on facet classification is improved by adding semantic features. Furthermore, the component retrieval process model is put forward by combining the domain ontology with the relative concept match algorithm. A detailed illustration of a component reasoning engine and a component classification engine is given and the component classification algorithm is provided by using the Naive Bayes algorithm based on domain ontology. The experimental results show that the recall ratio and the precision ratio are obviously improved by using the method based on semantics, and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Parallel naive Bayes algorithm for large-scale Chinese text classification based on spark

The sharp increase of the amount of Internet Chinese text data has significantly prolonged the processing time of classification on these data.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes and implements a parallel naive Bayes algorithm(PNBA)for Chinese text classification based on Spark,a parallel memory computing platform for big data.This algorithm has implemented parallel operation throughout the entire training and prediction process of naive Bayes classifier mainly by adopting the programming model of resilient distributed datasets(RDD).For comparison,a PNBA based on Hadoop is also implemented.The test results show that in the same computing environment and for the same text sets,the Spark PNBA is obviously superior to the Hadoop PNBA in terms of key indicators such as speedup ratio and scalability.Therefore,Spark-based parallel algorithms can better meet the requirement of large-scale Chinese text data mining.

Haplotype of prostaglandin synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 is involved in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease

AIM： Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 （PTGS2 or COX2） is one of the key factors in the cellular response to inflammation. PTGS2 is expressed in the affected intestinal segments of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD）. In IBD patients, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have been shown to reduce both the production and activity of PTGS2, may activate IBD and aggravate the symptoms. We aimed at examining genetic variants of PTGS2 that may be risk factors for IBD. METHODS： We genotyped 291 individuals diagnosed with IBD and 367 controls from the Dutch population for the five most frequent polymorphisms of the PTG52 gene. Clinical data were collected on all patients. DNA was extracted via normal laboratory methods. Genotyping was carried out using multiplex PCR followed by the Invader Assay and the 5＇ exonuclease assay （TaqMan）. New polymorphism screening was performed by pre-screening with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by fluorescent sequencing. RESULTS： Allele 5209G was weakly associated with Crohn＇s disease （odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.57）, and allele 8473T with ulcerativecolitis （OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.00-2.27）. The haplotype including both alleles showed a strong association with IBD （OR 13.15, 95%CI 3.17-116.15）. This haplotype, while rare （-0.3%） in the general population, is found more frequently in patients （3.5%）. CONCLUSION： Our data suggest that this haplotype of PTGS2 contributes to the susceptibility of IBD.

Status-Aware Resource Adaptation in Information-Centric and Software-Defined Network

In recent years, realising a ＂clean- state＂ design for the future Internet has become an important research focus. An architecture com- bining an Information-Centric Network （ICN） and Sottware-Defmed Network （SDN） （IC-SDN） has gradually attracted more attention. How- ever, the existing studies regarding IC-SDN still lack support in terms of the ＂network status awareness＂ function, resulting in unreasonable resource allocation. In this paper, we propose a new status-aware resource adaptation sche- me, i.e. a status-aware module is embedded into basic elements （Forwarding Node （FN） and Resource adaption Manager （RM））. The FNs collect the network status dynamically for the controller to reallocate network resources accor- ding to the fluctuations in environmental con- ditions. Simulation results show that, compared with the existing IC-SDN mechanism, the pro- posed scheme reduced the link bandwidth var- iance by 56% and the content delivery latency by 40%. The proof-of-concept implementation demonstrates the feasibility of our proposed sc- heme for small-scale deployment.

Identification and characterization of a novel isoform of hepatopoietin

AIM: To isolate a novel isoform of human HPO (HPO-205) from human fetal liver Marathon-ready cDNA and characterize its primary biological function. METHODS: 5'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA 5' ends) was used to isolate a novel isoform of hHPO in this paper. The constructed pcDNA(HPO-205), pcDNA(HPO) and pcDNA eukaryotic expression vectors were respectively transfected by lipofectamine method and the stimulation of DNA synthesis was observed by (3)H-TdR incorporation assay. Proteins extracted from different cells were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: A novel isoform of hHPO (HPO-205) encoding a 205 amino acid ORF corresponding to a translated production of 23 kDa was isolated and distinguished from the previous HPO that lacked the N-terminal 80 amino acids. The dose-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis of HepG2 hepatoma cells by HPO-205 demonstrated its similar biological activity with HPO in vitro. The level of MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation by Western blot analysis revealed that HPO-205 might have the stronger activity of stimulating hepatic cell proliferation than that of HPO. CONCLUSION: A novel isoform of hHPO (HPO-205) was isolated from hepatic-derived cells. The comparison of HPO-205 and HPO will lead to a new insight into the structure and function of hHPO, and provide the new way of thinking to deeply elucidate the biological roles of HPO/ALR.

Cost effectiveness analysis of population-based serology screening and ^(13)C-Urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori to prevent gastric cancer:A markov model

AIM:To compare the costs and effectiveness of no screening and no eradication therapy, the population- based Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) serology screening with eradication therapy and 13C-Urea breath test (UBT) with eradication therapy. METHODS:A Markov model simulation was carried out in all 237 900 Chinese males with age between 35 and 44 from the perspective of the public healthcare provider in Singapore. The main outcome measures were the costs, number of gastric cancer cases prevented, life years saved, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained from screening age to death. The uncertainty surrounding the cost-effectiveness ratio was addressed by one-way sensitivity analyses. RESULTS:Compared to no screening, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $16 166 per life year saved or $13 571 per QALY gained for the serology screening, and $38 792 per life year saved and $32 525 per QALY gained for the UBT. The ICER was $477 079 per life year saved or $390 337 per QALY gained for the UBT compared to the serology screening. The cost- effectiveness of serology screening over the UBT was robust to most parameters in the model. CONCLUSION:The population-based serologyscreening for H pylori was more cost-effective than the UBT in prevention of gastric cancer in Singapore Chinese males.

Optimal restructuring strategies under various dynamic factors

Corporate restructuring was identified as a new industrial force that has great impact on economic values and that therefore has become central in daily financial decision making. This article investigates the optimal restructuring strategies under different dynamic factors and their numerous impacts on firm value. The concept of quasi-leverage is introduced and valuation models are built for corporate debt and equity under imperfect market conditions. The model’s input variables include the quasi-leverage and other firm-specific parameters, the output variables include multiple corporate security values. The restruc- turing cost is formulated in the form of exponential function, which allows us to observe the sensitivity of the variation in security values. The unified model and its analytical solution developed in this research allow us to examine the continuous changes of security values by dynamically changing the coupon rates, riskless interest rate, bankruptcy cost, quasi-leverage, personal tax rate, corporate taxes rate, transaction cost, firm risk, etc., so that the solutions provide useful guidance for financing and restructuring decisions.

Investments in Human Capital： Elements of Investments, Their Valuation, and the Related Financial Performance Ratios

Investments in human capital （employees） include investments in the direct assurance of working abilities, investments in health and well-being, and investments in loyalty to the company. These investments are crucial for the long-term existence and development of a company, but their value is not disclosed on the assets side of the classical balance sheet. The most important argument of the mentioned approach＇s promoters is that the economic benefits stemming from such investments are uncertain. However, investments in human capital are those with the highest long-term benefits for the company. Therefore, human capital is the only element of the business process that can add value. Other elements （equipment, materials, and services） just transfer their value to products and services. In this paper, the elements of investments in human capital and the methods used to evaluate these investments are addressed. In addition, uniquely shaped financial performance ratios related to investments in human capital are presented along with the system of integrated ratios.

Wind Turbine Selection Criteria： A Customer Perspective

Selection of the wind turbine manufacturer is naturally an important issue for wind energy companies when they build new wind farms. This paper describes the main factors by which wind energy companies choose their turbine manufacturers in a selected case region in Finland. The study was conducted using semi-structured interviews, for which the experts and decision makers of selected wind energy companies formed the focus group. During the analysis of the results, it became clear that it was not possible to form a detailed and prioritized list of selection criteria, but still some general themes emerged. The main theme was the manufacturer and product reliability, and then the production volume, cost factors, availability factors, and the organization of maintenance in this order. Interestingly, the arctic conditions of the selected case region did not play any significant role.

Probing Personal Pronouns in English Speeches to Actuate

Professor Cheryl Hamilton of American Tarrant County divided speeches into two types： One is informative speeches, and the other is persuasive speeches. It is obvious that the speech to actuate should be more inspired and motive than the speech to convince. So the language of the speech to actuate should have some special features. Personal pronoun is one of the basic elements of language. It is widely used in our daily speaking, and for a speaker, it is also an effective way to control the emotion of listeners. Different personal pronouns have different effects in a speech, and this thesis has analyzed the effects of personal pronouns in the speech to actuate respectively with the examples of “I Have a Dream” made by Martin Luther King and “My Education, My Future” made by Barack Hussein Obama Jr., the president of America. From the analysis, we can see the concrete role every pronoun played in the speeches of different styles, and how it impacts the success of a speech. Such an analysis and probe leads to a better understanding on the art of English speaking, which can help the learners of English make these skills in their charge.

Hierarchical Scene Analysis Method for Audio Sensor Networks

Abstract： A hierarchical method for scene analysis in audio sensor networks is proposed. This meth-od consists of two stages： element detection stage and audio scene analysis stage. In the former stage, the basic audio elements are modeled by the HMM models and trained by enough samples off-line, and we adaptively add or remove basic ele- ment from the targeted element pool according to the time, place and other environment parameters. In the latter stage, a data fusion algorithm is used to combine the sensory information of the same ar-ea, and then, a role-based method is employed to analyze the audio scene based on the fused data. We conduct some experiments to evaluate the per-formance of the proposed method that about 70% audio scenes can be detected correctly by this method. The experiment evaluations demonstrate that our method can achieve satisfactory results.

Purification and characterization of vitellin in mature ovary of marine crab Charybdis japonica

Vitellin of mature female marine crab Charybdis japonica was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, DEAE-cellulose-16 anion exchange column). The apparent molecular mass of the vitellin is 546 ku based on the data of native-PAGE. Under denatured condition (SDS-PAGE), it was found that vitellin was composed of four polypeptides each at 120, 100, 65, and 55 ku. One disulfide bond was detected in the binding of polypeptide subunits. The purified vitellin, contained 4.47% phosphor and 10.6% polysaccharides, and was identified as glyco-lipo-carotenoprotein, according to the PAGE staining data. The purified vitellin can be used as antigen to raise polyclonal antisera in further application.

The Return on Capital in China and Its Determinants~

This paper first estimates the overall return on capital in China between 1978 and 2013. It then identifies the determinants of return on capital by analyzing provincial panel data and breaks down the causes of swerves in capital return after the eruption of the global financial crisis in 2008. It finds that： （1） there is significant inertia in the return on capital,＂ （2） government intervention has significantly negative impact on capital return; （3） a significantly negative correlation is observed between investment rate and return on capital,＂ and （4） the increases in the shares of secondary and tertiary industries in the economy have significantly positive impact on return on capital. This paper concludes that the growth in investment rate and the expansion of government size are both important contributors to the recent decline in China＇s return on capital since the financial crisis.