论翻译文学的发生——以傅译《约翰·克利斯朵夫》为例

傅译《约翰·克利斯朵夫》在中国的经典化历程,论证了实现翻译文学及其经典化的可能性。根据语言这一特性,文学可分为本语文学、外语文学和翻译文学三种形式。翻译文学是本语文学和外语文学之间文字、文学和文化译介实现的特殊文学形式,是译介主体、内容、途径、受众和效果五种因素共同作用的结果。只有那些内容忠实、表达地道、影响深远的优美译文才能称之为翻译文学的经典。明确翻译文学的定义和发生过程,理清和认识翻译文学、本语文学和外语文学的辩证关系,凝练出译界优良传统的永恒价值,对认识翻译文学的重要性和发展我国译论有着重要意义。

Language Style Reflected by Tourist English Hypertext

Corpus-based linguistic approach is one of the most used text studies. Nowadays, stylistic analysis has been adopted to shed new light on tourism English. The topic is to apply the language theory--the stylistic analysis to the tourist text analysis, to discover the style essence of Tourist English Hypertext. The stylistic features include graphological analysis of Tourist English Hypertext, lexical features in hypertext, syntactical analysis of Tourist English Hypertext. It summarizes online Tourist English Hypertext information with some typical samples, with the methods of examples and analysis. It aims to offer an in-depth insight into the stylistic features of online tourism English texts, helping people to grasp the key points of the online information when they are browsing the information on the Internet. So this paper both enlarges the application of the stylistic analysis and presents summary for online tourist information.

Investigating Translators＇ Positioning via the Appraisal Theory： A Case Study of the Q＆A Part of a Speech Delivered by the U.S. Vice President Cheney

Appraisal Theory is a part of the interpersonal metafunction in Systemic Functional Linguistics to reveal the speaker＇s attitudes and positionings. Some scholars in recent years have introduced this theory to the Chinese reader and applied it to the study of different genres, but up to now, very little has been done to test this newly developed theory in translation studies. This paper attempts to use the Appraisal Theory as a tool to investigate speaker＇s positioning in ST （source text） and TT （target text）. The translations of part of the Q＆A （Question＆Answer） section of the Vice President Cheney＇s speech at Fudan University and their STs will be investigated in the present study. The source and target texts are first described in the appraisal theoretical framework and then compared to find out the differences in terms of the speaker＇s positioning in ST and TT. Finally, a discussion is carried out to explore possible reasons that caused the speaker＇s changed positioning from ST and TT. Our findings indicate that translator＇s role, linguistic characteristics, and translation purpose might all contribute to speaker＇s changed positioning.

Towards text-theme from appraisal theory： A functional approach to Pearl Harbor address to the nation

Text-theme, the writing or speaking motive, is construed before creation at the basis of a writer＇s or speaker＇s background and typical cognitive structures. This paper attempts to explore text-theme in the Pearl Harbor address to the nation within the framework of appraisal theory founded by James Martin, et al., the excavation is centered on how the grammatical resources of appraisal can disclose the addressor＇s evaluation of the text-theme. The aim for the study is to testify the operationality and practicability of appraisal theory towards the exploration on text analysis. It is hoped that the theoretical and practical significance in the present exploration of text-theme can provide inspirations and novel insights in the realm of English language teaching and text analysis.

Punctuation as a sociolinguistic variable in text messages

The development of text messaging in cell phones has influenced punctuation variations in written language. In order to determine how text messaging has resulted in paradigm shift in the traditional uses of punctuation marks, this paper explores how punctuation marks vary with language, location, register and time, and how they are constantly evolving. The discussion in this paper is structured around Coupland＇s sociolinguistic theory. The findings reveal that new technology has impacted on the traditional uses of punctuation marks. Thus, the results show that the use of punctuation markers in Short Message Service （SMS） texts is complex. Moreover, the use of punctuation marks in Kenyan text messages reveals personal stylistic choices. However, it is apparent that Kenyan text messages are shaped by social variables.

Stylistic Analysis of Hillary＇s Inspiring Speech in Yale University

Stylistics is an interdisciplinary study which applies modem linguistic theories and approaches to research style of language use. Taking stylistics as a base, this paper gives a detailed analysis of stylistic devices used in Hillary＇s Inspiring Speech in Yale University from the perspective of linguistic description, textual analysis and situational factors, and then explores the general stylistic features of public speech, thus providing some enlightenment for public speakers in the future.

Exploring Image Text Relation in College English Textbooks

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the multimodality in college English textbooks. Because multimodality is closely associated with college English teaching and learning, it is necessary to probe into the multimodality in college English books. First, the study showed that the images in college English textbooks have the following functions： to illustrate the text, to consolidate the information in the text, to aestheticize the text, as well as to collaborate with the text to establish harmony between the author and the reader, therefore to convey the author＇s intentions well. Second, the study showed that the multimodality in college English textbooks reflects power relation and solidarity relation between the author and the reader. On the one hand, multimodality in college English textbooks implies unequal power relationships which are represented by unequal power opportunities for the author to select images while the reader has little influence. On the other hand, the learning activities provide a lot of chances for the reader to make contact with the images, hence establishing a familiar and harmonious relationship between the reader and the author. The findings of the present study have useful implications for college English teaching and learning and imply the need for further studies in this field.

Translation Strategies of Vague Language in Political Texts

As one of the most important features of natural language, the ambiguity of the language has aroused widespread attention in the early Western scholars. Today, the growing number of experts, scholars have committed systematic exploration and research of vague language, and thus producing the fuzzy edge between discipline and linguistics —— Fuzzy Linguistics. Looking at the current fuzzy linguistics research, we can broadly divide it from the research point of view, into semantic ambiguity, pragmatic vagueness, syntactic blur, discourse vague and other directions. Undoubtedly, these types of studies approach from different angles can inevitably produces a cross, which is based on the analysis of the vague language to explore pragmatic functions as this paper.

A Polish College Students＇ Use of Dictionaries in Text Production

The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seven students working on a real classroom assignment were observed; in order to make sure that the subjects behaved as they normally would, they had not been informed that their dictionary behavior was to be observed. The study which shows that the need for a dictionary is smaller in the case of more advanced students may be of interest to those foreign language teachers who fear that giving a student an unlimited access to a dictionary may hamper the development of his expressive abilities. In turn, a marked preference on the part of more advanced students for an L I-L2, paralleled by a sustained interest in information categories typically placed in foreign learner＇s dictionaries suggests that advanced language learners writing in English would probably opt for a lexicographic product combining the best of both dictionary types： an LI-L2 and an MLD.

Extraction Algorithm of English Text Summarization for English Teaching

In order to improve the ability of sharing and scheduling capability of English teaching resources, an improved algorithm for English text summarization is proposed based on Association semantic rules. The relative features are mined among English text phrases and sentences, the semantic relevance analysis and feature extraction of keywords in English abstract are realized, the association rules differentiation for English text summarization is obtained based on information theory, related semantic roles information in English Teaching Texts is mined. Text similarity feature is taken as the maximum difference component of two semantic association rule vectors, and combining semantic similarity information, the accurate extraction of English text Abstract is realized. The simulation results show that the method can extract the text summarization accurately, it has better convergence and precision performance in the extraction process.

Discussion about the Bachelor Thesis of Japanese Major in University

Currently, Bachelor thesis of Japanese major＇s main problems is related to the topics of the irrational, writing both impetuous attitude, which led to poor quality of the article, is worrying. There are many causes of the problem, and you can relax from the writing language requirements, the timing of mentor, and guiding additional academic writing courses in a bid to solve them.

Three-Dimensional World of Similes in English Fictional Writing

The paper offers a three-dimensional linguosemiotic study of similes, which implies integral analysis of their semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic aspects. Such an approach to the study of similes is quite new as they have been hitherto considered either from a literary viewpoint as one of the stylistic expressive means of language or in the philosophy of language in correlation with metaphor. The three-dimensional linguosemiotic methodology of research has enabled us： （1） to reveal the cognitive, psychological, and metaphorical essence of similes and work out the invariant conceptual model which remains unchanged throughout their structural-semantic variation in the text; （2） to single out pragmatic features of similes, the set of which defines their linguistic status as a language-in-use construct, i.e., textual phenomenon; （3） to study the denotational-cognitive aspect of similes pointing out the parameters according to which similes have been differentiated into semantic types and subtypes and （4） to generalize the syntactical aspect of similes and define the set of their structural modifications in the text conditioned both by the intralinguistic regularities and by pragmatic factors. Therefore, we have worked out an interdisciplinary theory of similes implying the synergy of the data of linguistic, literary, cognitive, and psychological studies

Quantitative Methodology in Linguistics

The paper is devoted to the study of quantitative methods in linguistics and describes the studies conducted. The purpose is to give the general idea of these studies. The first one considers one of the principal logical categories--the quality. The basis of the research was comprised of lexicographical recourses. The text study finishes up the research. The second one dwells on the usage of the typological indices method in the research of comparatives and superlatives in English, German, and Russian texts. The principal method used is that of typological indices. As the result, people can observe the prospects of this method in linguistics

The Register Restraint on Characteristics in Chinese Text

Syntactic expressions in different texts are varied. They are restricted by registers, which are reflected in three aspects： differences in spoken text and written text, narrative text and non-narrative text, children text and adults text. In another word, the external form of Chinese text is restricted by occasions and conditions in which the language is used. Chinese text characteristic is the foundation of text teaching as a second language, but the reserch about Chinese text is rather not enough. This paper has practical value for teaching Chinese as a second language

Using GM to Analyze EST Texts

The role of the grammatical metaphor （GM） theory to systemic-functional linguistics （SFL） as well as to metaphor studies has been generally acknowledged. Based on the framework of GM theory in SFL, this thesis, by conducting a statistical analysis of the distribution of 13 types of GM in 20 English for science and technology （EST） texts which are chosen at random and aimed at different readers, is intended, on the one hand, to test and verify the applicability and feasibility of Halliday＇s grammatical metaphor theory as well as the correctness of Halliday-Martin＇s claim and on the other, to analyze the reasons for using GM, especially experiential GM substantially in EST texts.

Theory of Textual Patterns and Discourse Coherence in Students＇ English Writing

The present study applies ＂Textual Patterns＂ like ＂general-specific＂ and ＂claim-counterclaim＂ to explore discourse coherence in Chinese students＇ English writing. The study confirms the function of the textual patterns as macro-structures for discourse interpretation and production, and proves textual patterns as effective tools in identifying and solving problems with discourse coherence in Chinese EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ writing.

Writing as a Supplement： Jacques Derrida＇s Deconstructive Reading of Rousseau＇s Confessions

The present study constitutes a critical appraisal of the deconstructive reading of Rousseau＇s Confessions that Derrida undertakes in the second part of Of Grammatology. In this examination, the author will first list some of the significations into which Derrida disperses （forced, as he asserts himself, by an ＂inassimilable residue＂ in the text itself） the meaning that he has already construed as apparently simple during the first moment of deconstructive reading （i.e., ＂the doubling commentary＂）; the author will then go on to enquire into the operations which enable Derrida to arrive at these self-conflicting significations. The main aim of this essay is to demonstrate that it is not language alone that disables the philosophy of Rousseau and enables the philosophy of Derrida. When Derrida attempts to support his philosophy through an analysis of Rousseau＇s theory of language and the alleged contradictions in Rousseau＇s texts, he misinterprets basic tenets of these texts in order to make them conform to the presuppositions of the deconstructive approach. The ＂reversal＂ and ＂displacement＂ of metaphysical conceptuality in the text of the Confessions is made possible after the text has had meanings transposed into it from a plurality of other texts. Derrida attributes to the text significations he discovers by construing, explicating and over-reading passages that occur elsewhere in Rousseau＇s total oeuvre （especially in the Essay on the Origin of Languages）.

The Impacts of Co-creation of Local Culture English Books on EFL 5th Graders＇ English Vocabulary Ability and Local Cultural Knowledge

The purpose of this study aims to explore the impacts of task-based co-creation of local picture books on facilitating the development of vocabulary ability and cultural knowledge ofEFL 5th graders with different English proficiency levels in Taiwan. Twenty-one 5th graders participated in this study forty minutes per week, lasting for sixteen weeks. They were required to co-create English picture books of Pinghu through thematic task-based activities. Research data required for the study were collected through the pre-/post-tests of vocabulary and cultural knowledge, a participants＇ feedback questionnaire as well as semi-structured interviews. The results of this study showed that after experimental instruction, EFL 5th graders significantly improved their recognition of the connection between English word sounds and word meanings, word meanings and word forms, word forms and word meanings, as well as spellings. Moreover, their local cultural knowledge was improved significantly as well. Furthermore, based upon the 5th graders＇ responses to questionnaire and semi-structure interview, most of them developed a very positive attitude towards the activities of co-creating local picture books and their interest, self-confidence in English writing, and English learning behavior. Based on the findings, some suggestions were offered for the pedagogical applications and future studies.

Coh-Metrix 3.0 English Text Comparison between South Korea and China

Sharing the environment of English as a foreign language （EFL） in South Korea and China, English text in the authorized English textbooks deserves a cross-country comparison in the same grade level. This research explored the English texts linguistic characteristics in the authorized English textbooks through Coh-Melrix 3.0 and intended to provide implications to EFL English textbook design in the future. The results suggest that there is a need to be aware of the weaknesses and strengths from each other： the South Korean English texts display a diversity in noun, verbs, adjectives, the mean number of words before the main verb of the main clause in sentence, TTR and lexical diversity; the Chinese English texts reveal an overlap in lexical level （content words, noun, and sentences） and semantic level （syntactic patterns）.

Study on College English Teaching from the Perspective of Humanism

In the eyes of humanists, the value of people is the most important. This view corresponds with modern education values and development direction, which has profound influence on university English teaching. It introduces humanism theory into language teaching field, and humanism emphasizes that language teaching is not only to teach language, but also to help students obtain their own development. This paper tries to take humanism as the perspective, talking about the current college English teaching, hoping to have a certain enlightening significance.