浅谈朱生豪情书写作特色

朱生豪是民国时期的翻译学者,一生专注于莎士比亚戏剧的翻译,国内学者对其研究多集中于此,忽略他在情书写作上的才华。其工作性质、个人经历和性格,使他写给宋清如女士的情书相较于同时期其他文人情书,显示出迥异的写作特色。本文以《朱生豪情书集》为研究对象,从写作学角度分析写作受体、写作风格、写作内容三个方面的特色,以期为后来学者研究朱生豪拓宽视角和思路。

Two Modes of Cytoklnesis in the Generative Cells of Amaryllis

The cytokinesis process of generative cells in Amaryllis vitiata Ait. wasexamined with electron microscopy. Investigation of 14 pollen tubes showed that 70percent of the generative cells were divided by a cell plate, while the other, 30 percentshowed a cleavage furrow which occurred at the position where a cell plate should takeplace. The cell plate appeared at First as a subunit in late anaphase, which was assembledin the midzone of the phragmoplast and coalesced as one large continued unit in telophase.On the other hand, just in anaphase, as two identical chromosome masses were segregatedfrom each other, the plasma membrane of the generative cell were furrowing inside fromthe tWo sides in the interzonal region. In some instances, the cell was almost divided intotwo parts by the constriction furrow. The occurrence of cleavage seemed to be associatedwith the re-establishment of the nuclear envelope and the disorder of microtubular arrays,as well as the unusual behavior of the chromosomes.

Probing Lectin Receptors on the Plasma Membrane of Isolated Viable Generative Cells in Angiosperms by Means of Single Cell Manipulation

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated concanavalin agglutinin (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA) were used as probes to localize their specific receptors on the plasma membrane of generative cells (GCs) isolated from Vicia faba L., Iris tectorium Maxim. and Hippeastrum vittatum Herb. It is a further investigation on possible distributive dynamic of lectin receptors during the developmental process from generative cells to sperm cells. In the present study, all the three lectin receptors were found on the surface of generative cells of V faba and I. tectorium. However, on generative cells of H vittatum only Con A and WGA, but not SBA receptors were observed. The same lectin receptors on the generative cells from different species showed various distribution patterns. The distribution of various lectin receptors on the same generative cells also showed different characteristics. Lectin receptors were totally absent on some generative cells of all three investigated species. Polar distribution of lectin receptors was observed on tailed generative cells. The findings offer important clues to investigate sperm cell function and possible sperm dimorphism of surface glycoprotein.

Integrated Control of Tetranychus cinnabarinus by Five Kinds of Pesticides Combined with Neoseiulus cucumeris

To find the method for the integrated control of Tetranychus cinnabarinus （carmine spider mite） and delay its resistance to pesticides, the joint actions of each of five commonly pesticides （abamectin, azadirachtin, matrine, pyrethrins and imidacloprid）, and Neoseiulus cucumeris （Oudemans）, the natural enemy of cotton red spider mite, were studied. N. cucumeris was released after application of pesticides for seven days （for 0,3% azadirachtin EC） or six days （for other pesticides）. The results showed that the combined action of 1.8% abamectin EW （1：8 000） and N. cucumeris had the best control efficacy of 96.63% at 20 days after N. cucumeris releasing. The control efficacies of N. cucumeds and 0.3% azadirachtin EC （1：250） were 59.7% and 90.1% after one day and 20 days, respectively, after N. cucumeris releasing. The control efficacy of N. cucumeris and 0.5% matrine AS （1：2 000） was 82.65% at 20 days after N. cucumeris releasing. The results provide options for sustainable control of T. cinnabarinus and for the delay of pesticides resistance.

Biochemical Evidences for Scopoletin Inhibits Ca^(2+)-ATPase Activity in the Carmine Spider Mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the acaricidal lffect of scopo- letin, and provide the biochemical evidences of scopoletin influencus Ca2＋-ATPase activity and gene expressions in the Carmine Spider Mite, Tetranych＇us cinnabarinus. in increased protein contents; kinetic analysis showed that the catalytic capability of Ca2＋-ATPase was significantly reduced by scopoletin. [Conclusion] Scopoletin exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on Ca2＋-ATPase, and its acaricidal effect against T. cinnabarinus might be due to the direct inhibition of Ca2＋-ATPase.

Adjustment of Payments for Ecological Benefits in Traditional Agricultural Areas: Case Study on SADO Island, Japan

To date, theories of eco-compensation and biological restoration have been popular, and some models in developed countries are treated as good examples. Here, we not only focus on Japan, but also pay more attention to challenges during this process. Based on a long-term field study on Sado Island, a less developed region in Japan, we attempt to describe how the government carries out environmental remediation towards the reintroduction of ibis （Species name） into the wild, and the conflict between ibis habitat restoration and farm management. We discuss the underlying reasons for this conflict and the negative effect on regional development. We follow policy improvements of the local government and related supplementary help carried out to fix the mismatch between the payment for ecological benefits and that lost by farmers in the pre-period. We conclude that the coordination of interest among different social groups is the key for success in ecological restoration and compensatory measures have to be made to meet the actual needs of the local groups. This case study in Japan can be applied to similar regions with poor environments and urgent environment restoration needs in China.

世界读书日,我们谈莎士比亚

1995年11月15日,联合国教科文组织作出决议,将每年的4月23日定为"世界读书日"。为什么这一天被定为世界性的读书日?它与文学大师莎士比亚有着密不可分的联系。

Exploring Factors Affecting Farmers' Implementation of Wildlife-friendly Farming on Sado Island, Japan

Implementing wildlife-friendly farming （WFF） practices is a sound approach to sustain ecological restoration of farmland. The aims of the study were to explore factors affecting farmers’ implementation of WFF practices on Sado Island, Japan and to consider the policy implications of disseminating such practices. All 5010 farming households on Sado Island, who are distributing rice to Japan Agricultural Cooperatives （JA）, were surveyed. In total, 2231 households responded to the questionnaire （response 44.5%）. By comparing the attitudes, beliefs, and attributes of non-certiifed versus certiifed farmers, we identiifed key factors affecting farmers’ implementation of WFF practices. Compared with non-certified farmers, certified farmers： （i） showed a greater interest in biodiversity and the ifnancial beneifts of WFF; （i） had a larger number of certiifed farmer friends; （ii） felt many more pressures and expectations from consumers, in particular; and （iv） were not hampered by bad labor or farmland conditions when implementing WFF practices. To further disseminate WFF practices in Sado, we suggest that the information on the effectiveness of WFF on paddy ifeld biodiversity is used in public education, and opportunities for interchanging opinions are set up between non-certiifed and certiifed farmers, as wel as between farmers and consumers.