家畜的机会性感染病

己知在畜体内的一定部位,经常有所谓正常存在微生物或弱毒微生物,当机体的抵抗力正常时不会致病,一旦抵抗力下降就会产生致病力并会造成合并感染而发生损失重大的疾病,亦称条件性感染病或潜在性感染病。医学方面亦提出医院内由于医源性感染,降低抵抗力而发生的机会性感染病,会加重病情并增高病死率。因此,当前对机会性感染病,巳引起国内外医学界和兽医界的极大重视。 由于机会性感染病复制极其困难。

边远民族地区爱滋病机会性感染病患的护理要点

四川省凉山州布拖县为彝族集聚地，爱滋病高发区。近年来由于国家的关怀政策反HIV感染者的不断增多，来医院住院的HIV／AIDS的机会性感染病患也逐日增多，各科室（内科、外科、儿科、传染科、妇产科、外科）的爱滋病病患已超过全科病人的1／2。所以做好爱滋病机会性感染病忠的护理已提到首位。基层医务人员身处临床一线，常可接诊到史滋病机会性感染患者。而护理人员又始终在最前沿，在管理措施、技术服务、心理护理等方面发挥了重要作用。

Role of upper endoscopy in diagnosing opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased opportunistic infections (OIs) in human immunodef iciency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However,gastrointestinal disease continues to account for a high proportion of presenting symptoms in these patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms in treated patients who respond to therapy are more likely to the result of drug-induced complications than OI. Endoscopic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract remains a cornerstone of diagnosis,especially in patients with advanced immunodeficiency,who are at risk for OI. The peripheral blood CD4 lymphocyte count helps to predict the risk of an OI,with the highest risk seen in HIV-infected patients with low CD4 count (< 200 cells/mm3). This review provides an update of the role of endoscopy in diagnosing OI in the upper gastrointestinal tract in HIV-infected patients in the era of HAART.