创新型创业机会的生成机制研究——创业者与利益相关者互动视角

创业机会是创业研究区别于其他研究问题的重要议题,然而有学者对于创业机会的研究提出了质疑。基于这些质疑,本文不局限于创业机会生成的影响变量的探讨,而是将创业机会解构为创业者和利益相关者互动进行社会建构的结果。本文基于四家案例企业数据,从创业者和利益相关者互动的视角探讨创新型创业机会的生成问题。研究发现,创业企业所处的创业情境促使创业者选择与利益相关者进行互动活动;创业者和利益相关者的互动过程是基于利益相关者需求、创业者认同和信息处理能力共同作用的结果;循序渐进的调整策略促进创新型创业机会的生成。

Computer-generated Conversation Using Newspaper Headline

In this paper, the authors propose a method that incorporates mechanisms for handling ambiguity in speech and the ability of humans to create associations, and for formulating conversations based on rule base knowledge and common knowledge. Go beyond the level that can be achieved, using only conventional natural language processing and vast repositories of sample patterns. In this paper, the authors propose a method for computer conversation sentences generated using newspaper headlines as an example of how the common knowledge and associative ability are applied.

Research on Role Definition of Industry Association and Administrative Organ

Industry association is an important part of China＇s economic and social life, which plays an important role in these areas. However, due to various reasons, there exist some objective difficulties and problems for industry associations. In March 2013, Chinese government requires to clear relationship between govemment~ market and society, actively yet prudently carry forward the work of canceling the subordinate relations between industry associations and administrative organs, speed up the construction of modem social organizational system that is independent of government, and with well defined rights and responsibilities and self-governing by law. In such a background, it is especially necessary to deeply analyze the role definition of industry association and administrative organ, discuss how to clarify the role relationship between industry association and administrative organ, and consider how to promote the better and faster development of industry association. This paper has briefly introduced the development status and existing problems of industry association, and put forward relevant measures and suggestions to solve the problems.

Transverse Eco-compensation Standards for Water Conservation:A Case Study of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion in China

In China,the distribution of water resources is incompatible with the development of productivity.The construction of South-to-North Water Diversion Project has achieved inter-basin water diversion,and the project can alleviate the uneven distribution of water resources phenomenon effectively.However,in recent years,the aggregate effects of water pollution and water resource shortages have been serious.Establishing transverse eco-compensation mechanisms becomes the key method to achieve sustainable use of water resources.Based on statistical and questionnaire data,this paper uses the Opportunity Costs Method and Willingness to Pay approach to establish a transverse eco-compensation standard calculation model for the Middle Route Project of the Southto-North Water Diversion.The results show that the upper and lower limits of the transverse eco-compensation standard for the Middle Route Project is $2.52 billion and $2.20 billion every year,respectively.However,the paying and receiving standards varied widely among different compensation payers and compensation receivers.Meanwhile,the significant factors influencing the paying willingness of the receiver area citizens were age,education level,average revenue per month,knowledge about the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and recognition of the importance of eco-environmental integrity.This study began with a theoretical analysis,then analysed related problems related to calculating transverse eco-compensation standards for the Middle Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion by an empirical study.This empirical study helps to establish effective transverse eco-compensation mechanisma and promotea the development of effective policies and legislation.