船舶机动定位技术研究

通过与传统的动力定位控制方式进行比较，介绍了机动定位技术的特点和在动力定位系统中应用的优越性。并通过分析机动定位的数学模型，探讨了机动定位技术的原理与主要技术难点，分析了其实现方法。

船舶机动定位技术及其实现方法

为改善动力定位船舶在高海情下的定位能力 ,研究了机动定位的控制方式 ,并设计了一种机动定位模糊控制系统。其特点是模仿人类的航海技巧 ,通过充分利用环境力 ,实现船舶的定位与机动。仿真结果表明 ,在高海情下 ,机动定位方式可以实现较高精度的定位控制 。

动力定位船舶的机动定位技术

为提高动力定位船舶在高海情下的定位能力，研究了机动定位的控制方式，并设计了一种机动定位模糊控制系统。其特点是模仿人类的航海技巧，通过充分利用环境力，实现航船的定位与机动。仿真结果表明，在高海情下，机动定位方式可以实现较高精度的定位，并且其辅推功率消耗较小。

基于方位角和多普勒的机动目标无源定位跟踪可观测条件

可观测性分析是无源定位与跟踪系统的前提和基础,只有满足可观测条件才能对系统进行正确求解。应用线性系统理论,以目标方位角和多普勒频率为观测量,对匀加速和匀转弯这两类最常见的机动目标进行了可观测分析,为进一步研究机动目标的无源定位与跟踪提供了理论前提。最后给出了仿真实例,验证了理论分析的正确性。

一种基于两维信息联合处理的机动目标定位技术

对一种基于两维信息联合处理的机动目标定位技术进行了研究和论述,该技术通过同时测量目标信号的多普勒频率变化率和相位变化率,能够实现对机动目标的快速定位和速度估计。仿真结果验证了该技术的可行性和有效性。

航空光电平台机动目标跟踪定位技术应用

利用航空光电平台对机动目标进行侦察,使用机载平台参数对探测机动目标进行定位,通过卡尔曼滤波算法解决机动目标定位离散分布,通过滑动加权及滑动平均的方法对机动目标的航向航速进行平滑。工程应用表明,上述方法可以实现对航空光电平台探测机动目标进行实时自动定位及航向航速解算,数值定位滤波精度高,满足系统定位指标的要求。

一种机动车可定位自动报警智能防盗系统

文中所述的机动车可定位自动报警防盗系统,基于物联网技术,将防盗锁与移动终端相结合,从智能化角度,利用移动终端遥控,摆脱传统防盗系统通过机械钥匙解锁的繁杂,采用动态密码自锁/解锁方式提高安全性。同时从犯罪手法的角度,设计出事前事后都可以监控定位的报警器,从而有效提高防盗能力,在机动车防盗系统中有着广泛的应用。

EKF在非机动单站无源探测中的应用研究

非机动单站纯方位无源定位系统能估计出远处作匀速直线或分段匀速直线运动的辐射源的运动方向、与观测站的粗略距离等。利用非机动单站无源系统捕获的这些信息,可以在保持"电磁隐蔽"的前提下,进行军事行动及装备部署,因此有着重要的军事应用价值。本文研究了扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)在非机动单站无源探测系统中的应用。

一种IRST双机协同被动探测机动目标定位新方法

针对红外搜索跟踪系统(IRST)双机协同被动探测定位作战使用中,机动目标建模与实际运动失配造成定位误差偏大的问题,研究了一种基于曲线模型的自适应滤波新方法。该方法改进了传统方法根据方向角估计转弯率以及基于帧间插分线加速度估计切向加速度的思路,将转弯率及线加速度联合作为状态变量进行了状态扩维,并推导了扩维后的过程噪声协方差表达式,在缓解传统两层滤波结构带来的计算量大问题外,也提高了切向加速度的估计精度。另外基于反正切函数的值域,结合方向角在四象限间的转移关系,优化了方向角的设计。通过IRST双机协同仿真实例,验证了所提方法对机动目标的适应性更强、目标定位精度更高。

基于高速公路交通图像的安全带自动识别算法

提出一种高速公路上机动车司机和前排乘客系安全带情况的自动识别算法。算法输入源于高速公路交通信息共享与诱导系统中的机动车行驶照片。本文算法利用车牌定位技术、人脸检测技术、安全带识别技术从图像中发现特定的机动车,并对其中司机和前排乘客系安全带事件进行识别,从而判断该图像中的车辆是否有交通违规情况。实验结果表明,本识别算法可行、有效。

Design of dead reckoning system for mobile robot

A dead reckoning system for a wheeled mobile robot was designed, and the method for robot’s pose estimation in the 3D environments was presented on the basis of its rigid-body kinematic equations. After analyzing the locomotion architecture of mobile robot and the principle of proprioceptive sensors, the kinematics model of mobile robot was built to realize the relative localization. Considering that the research on dead reckoning of mobile robot was confined to the 2 dimensional planes, the locomotion of mobile robot in the 3 coordinate axis direction was thought over in order to estimate its pose on uneven terrain. Because the computing method in a plane is rather mature, the calculation in height direction is emphatically represented as a key issue. With experimental results obtained by simulation program and robot platform, the position of mobile robot can be reliably estimated and the localization precision can be effectively improved, so the effectiveness of this dead reckoning system is demonstrated.

Mobile robot localization algorithm based on multi-sensor information fusion

In order to effectively reduce the uncertainty error of mobile robot localization with a single sensor and improve the accuracy and robustness of robot localization and mapping,a mobile robot localization algorithm based on multi-sensor information fusion(MSIF)was proposed.In this paper,simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)was realized on the basis of laser Rao-Blackwellized particle filter(RBPF)-SLAM algorithm and graph-based optimization theory was used to constrain and optimize the pose estimation results of Monte Carlo localization.The feature point extraction and quadrilateral closed loop matching algorithm based on oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF(ORB)were improved aiming at the problems of generous calculation and low tracking accuracy in visual information processing by means of the three-dimensional(3D)point feature in binocular visual reconstruction environment.Factor graph model was used for the information fusion under the maximum posterior probability criterion for laser RBPF-SLAM localization and binocular visual localization.The results of simulation and experiment indicate that localization accuracy of the above-mentioned method is higher than that of traditional RBPF-SLAM algorithm and general improved algorithms,and the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method are verified.

Application of Kalman filter on mobile robot self-localization

Self-localization is a fundamental requirement for the mobile robot. Robot usually contains a large number of dif- ferent sensors, which provide the information of robot localization, and all the sensor information should be considered for the optimal location. Kalman filter is efficient to realize the information fusion. Used as an efficient sensor fusion algorithm, Kalman filter is an advanced filtering technique which can reduce errors of the position and orientation of the sensors. Kalman filter has been paied much attention to robot automation and solutions to solve uncertainties such as robot localization, navigation, following, tracking, motion control, estimation and prediction. The paper briefly describes Kalman filter theory, and establishes a simple mathematical model based on muti-sensor mobile robot. Meanwhile, Kalman filter is used in robot self-localization by simulations, and it is demonstrated by simulations that Kalman filter is effective.

Distribution Orientation and Driving Mechanism of Geographical Pattern Change of China′s Banking Industry

By analyzing the relationship among government, market driving forces, distribution orientation of banking industry, service opportunity equality and spatial patterns, this paper proposes that it is distribution orientation that lead to the formation and evolution of spatial pattern of banking industry. The difference of the distribution orientation leads to the separation of the spatial pattern of banking industry, and the change of the distribution orientation leads to the change of spatial pattern. The degree of spatial pattern change is subject to the degree of change of distribution orientation, and the scale of bank resources in the regions, which supports the distribution orientation variation. Based on these theoretical frameworks, some indicators were designed to analyze the pattern change of China′s banking industry and its effects since 1995 under the change of the distribution orientation. This paper finds that the orientation of economic benefit maximization driven by market causes the banking industry to concentrate in economically developed regions.The government, which does not follow the orientation of economic benefit maximization, plays a role of stabilizer. Since the bank branches in the regions with the greatest change in bank branch distribution are too few, and regions with the greatest change in bank loan allocation are the regions with lots of loans, the pattern change of the banking industry in physical form is not as notable as that in economic form.

Energy saving analysis of segment positioning in shield tunneling machine considering assembling path optimization

A motion parameter optimization method based on the objective of minimizing the total energy consumption in segment positioning was proposed for segment erector of shield tunneling machine. The segment positioning process was decomposed into rotation, lifting and sliding actions in deriving the energy calculation model of segment erection. The work of gravity was taken into account in the mathematical modeling of energy consumed by each actuator. In order to investigate the relationship between the work done by the actuator and the path moved along by the segment, the upward and downward directions as well as the operating quadrant of the segment erector were defined. Piecewise nonlinear function of energy was presented, of which the result is determined by closely coupled components as working parameters and some intermediate variables. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimization method was proved by conducting a case study with a segment erector for the tunnel with a diameter of 3 m and drawing comparisons between different assembling paths. The results show that the energy required by assembling a ring of segments along the optimized moving path can be reduced up to 5%. The method proposed in this work definitely provides an effective energy saving solution for shield tunneling machine.

Semantic-based dynamic positioning mechanism for problem solving in multi-agent systems

In multi-agent systems(MAS),finding agents which are able to service properly in an open and dynamic environment are the key issue in problem solving.However,it is difficult to find agent resources quickly and position agents accurately and complete the system integration by the keyword matching method,due to the lack of clear semantic information of the classical agent model.An semantic-based agent dynamic positioning mechanism was proposed to assist in the system dynamic integration.According to the semantic agent model and the description method,a two-stage process including the domain positioning stage and the service semantic matching positioning stage,was discussed.With this mechanism,proper agents that provide appropriate service to assign sub-tasks for task completion can be found quickly and accurately.Finally,the effectiveness of the positioning mechanism was validated through the in-depth performance analysis in the application of simulation experiments to the system dynamic integration.

Design and Fabrication of Hybrid Piezomotor Applied in Precision Positioning Devices

The motor’s configuration is designed and the dynamic analysis equations based on its simplified model are deduced. A testing system utilizing grating is set up to test this new motor, and the theoretical movement principle for the motor is proved by experiments. The pulse waveforms are applied to drive the motor to move in steps. The motor has a displacement resolution of 10 nm and a maximum velocity of 0.6 mm/s. It can drive a 200 g slider whose range is 20 mm. A one-dimensional precision positioning platform is fabricated by using the new hybrid piezoelectric motor. The prototype is made up of two servomotors and two piezoelectric motors, which are controlled automatically by a computer. The positioning range of the platform is 10 cm.

A TDOA-Based Ultrasonic Absolute Localizing System of a Rail Robot in Greenhouse

In this paper,we present a method for localization of a rail autonomous pesticide spraying and sampling robot working in greenhouse using an absolute localization system.Design and implementation of the localization system comes from the usage of beacon systems each of which is composed of an RF single receiver and an ultrasonic transmitter.The RF single receiver gets the synchronization signal from the mobile robot,and the ultrasonic transmitter sends ultrasonic signal,thus the distance from the beacon to the ultrasonic receiver can be measured.The position of a beacon in coordinate system of robot can be calculated according to distance information from the beacons to two ultrasonic receivers which are mounted on the robot.Based on the coordinate transformation,the position of a mobile robot can be calculated from the beacon＇s absolute position information in the global coordinate system.Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in real world applications.

A Precise Localization Method for a High Speed Mobile Robot Using iGS and Dual Compass

This paper proposes a precise localization algorithm for a quickly moving mobile robot.In order to localize a mobile robot with active beacon sensors,a relatively long time is needed,since the distance to the beacon is measured by transmitting time of the ultrasonic signal.The measurement time does not cause a high error rate when the mobile robot moves slowly.However,with an increase of the mobile robot’s speed,the localization error becomes too high to use for accurate mobile robot navigation.Therefore,in this research into high speed mobile robot operations,instead of using two active beacons for localization,an active beacon and dual compass are utilized to localize the mobile robot.This new approach resolves the high localization error caused by the speed of the mobile robot.The performance of the precise localization algorithm is verified by comparing it to the conventional method through real-world experiments.