移动机器人同时定位与构图中的自适应区域分割方法

在移动机器人同时定位与构图中,区域分割是直线提取的第一个处理步骤,旨在降低直线提取时的迭代次数,提高运算效率。针对现有的分割方法没有考虑扫描间隔与扫描点距离对分割阈值影响的问题,提出了一种考虑扫描间隔与探测点距离对分割阈值影响的自适应计算方法。实验结果表明,该方法明显提高了区域分割的准确度和鲁棒性,降低了迭代次数和运算量。

基于动态和静态环境对象观测一致性约束的移动机器人多传感器标定优化方法

为了解决机器人未知环境导航过程中的多源、异构传感器空间一致性观测问题,提出了基于动态和静态环境对象观测一致性约束的摄像机与激光测距传感器联合标定优化方法。利用协方差交集方法实现运动目标图像平面方向状态融合,同时采用卡尔曼滤波和概率数据关联滤波实现一对一和一对多信息源的静态角点特征图像平面方向状态融合;在此基础上,利用动态和静态物体融合前与融合后状态误差构造优化目标函数,并利用非线性优化方法实现标定参数优化。实验结果表明,该设计方法能够提高多传感器环境观测的一致性水平,验证了该方法的有效性。

移动机器人动态环境下目标跟踪异构传感器一致性观测方法

为了解决机器人同时定位,地图构建与目标跟踪(SLAMOT)过程中的多源,异构传感器空间一致性观测问题,提出了基于信息融合的摄像机与激光测距传感器联合标定优化方法。完成基于误差传播公式的激光扫描点图像平面投影不确定范围判定,并利用协方差交集算法实现基于运动物体检验方法和基于Camshift方法的图像坐标系下目标状态融合。在此基础上,利用目标图像平面投影方向误差构造目标函数,通过非线性优化方法实现摄像机与激光测距仪标定参数优化。实验验证了设计方法能有效提高目标跟踪以及多传感器参数标定的准确性。相关成果能够为基于多传感器信息融合的机器人同时定位,地图构建与目标跟踪滤波方法研究提供观测值支持。

纯方位角目标跟踪及移动平台可观性控制方法

为了解决未知环境下的单目视觉移动机器人目标跟踪问题,提出了一种将目标状态估计与机器人可观性控制相结合的机器人同时定位、地图构建与目标跟踪方法。在状态估计方面,以机器人单目视觉同时定位与地图构建为基础,设计了扩展式卡尔曼滤波框架下的目标跟踪算法;在机器人可观性控制方面,设计了基于目标协方差阵更新最大化的优化控制方法。该方法能够实现机器人在单目视觉条件下对自身状态、环境状态、目标状态的同步估计以及目标跟随。仿真和原型样机实验验证了目标状态估计和机器人控制之间的耦合关系,证明了方法的准确性和有效性,结果表明:机器人将产生螺旋状机动运动轨迹,同时,目标跟踪和机器人定位精度与机器人机动能力成正比例关系。

Mobile robot localization algorithm based on multi-sensor information fusion

In order to effectively reduce the uncertainty error of mobile robot localization with a single sensor and improve the accuracy and robustness of robot localization and mapping,a mobile robot localization algorithm based on multi-sensor information fusion(MSIF)was proposed.In this paper,simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)was realized on the basis of laser Rao-Blackwellized particle filter(RBPF)-SLAM algorithm and graph-based optimization theory was used to constrain and optimize the pose estimation results of Monte Carlo localization.The feature point extraction and quadrilateral closed loop matching algorithm based on oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF(ORB)were improved aiming at the problems of generous calculation and low tracking accuracy in visual information processing by means of the three-dimensional(3D)point feature in binocular visual reconstruction environment.Factor graph model was used for the information fusion under the maximum posterior probability criterion for laser RBPF-SLAM localization and binocular visual localization.The results of simulation and experiment indicate that localization accuracy of the above-mentioned method is higher than that of traditional RBPF-SLAM algorithm and general improved algorithms,and the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method are verified.

Mobile robot simultaneous localization and map building based on improved particle filter

We present an investigation into the use of pan tilt zoom camera and sonar sensors for simuhaneous localization and mapping with artificial colored landmarks. An improved particle filter is applied to estimate a posterior of the pose of the robot, in which each particle has associated it with an entire map. The distributions of landmarks are also represented by particle sets, where separate particles are used to represent the robot and the landmarks. Hough transform is used to extract line segments from sonar observations and build map simultaneously. The key advantage of our method is that the full posterior over robot poses and landmarks can be nonlinearly approximated at every point in time by particles. Especially the landmarks are affixed on the moving robots, which can reduce the impact of the depletion problem and the impoverishment problem produced by basic particle filter. Experimental results show that this approach has advantages over the basic particle filter and the extended Kalman filter.