多机型组合下的尾流遭遇仿真研究

为更好地研究尾流的演化和遭遇,将数值模拟与后机响应相结合,进行不同机型组合下的尾流危险区研究。采用H-B(Hallock-Burnhan)模型模拟仿真尾涡流场,进行尾涡演化,提取全流场的时空信息。选取中国数量较多使用频繁的机型进行尾流遭遇分析,将滚转力矩系数作为尾涡遭遇安全评价指标,求解不同前后机的尾流间隔,并进行危险区的可视化。结果显示:不同机型组合下呈现出的尾流间隔相比于RECAT(re-categorization)-CN尾流间隔都有一定的缩减空间。同前机不同后机的机型组合下,由于后机气动力特性的不同,危险区的差异主要表现为纵向范围大小;不同前机同后机的机型组合下,危险区的宽度和长度的变化都存在一定的差异。使用数值模拟进行前机尾流演化能更好的探究尾涡危险区的变化趋势,更精确的计算尾流间隔。

终端区进场航线交叉点通行能力研究

终端区航线交叉点是空中交通运行的瓶颈,其通行能力是表征交叉点运行状态的重要指标,深入研究交叉点的通行能力,能够为进离场航线优化及航线网规划提供理论指导,并为减少航班延误提供必要的技术支持。借鉴地面道路交叉口通行能力已有研究成果,依据终端区空域结构及航空器飞行特征,创新地提出终端区进场航线交叉点通行能力定义,建立了计算模型,深入分析了航空器飞行速度、机型组合、航线夹角对通行能力的影响。以天津机场终端区为例,计算进场航线交叉点CG点的通行能力,进行了实例验证及分析。

航路交叉点容量及航路容量模型研究

随着航空运输业的高速发展,中国航路网络日趋复杂,航路交叉点增多,其对航路容量的影响越来越大,准确计算航路交叉点容量越来越关键。在分析已有航路容量及航路交叉点容量模型的基础上,提出了改进的航路交叉点容量模型和航路容量模型。并在已建立的航路交叉点容量模型的基础上,分析了机型组合、交叉角度和航路长度对航路交叉点容量的影响。取H139与H142两条航路的交叉点进行算例仿真,仿真结果表明:在航路长度和航路交叉角一定的条件下,当机型组合为前机速度大于后机速度时,航路交叉点容量最大;在航路长度相同的条件下,增加航路交叉角就可增加交叉点容量;在交叉角度相同的条件下,增加航路长度也能增加交叉点容量。有穿越高度层情况的航路容量会比没有穿越高度层情况的容量降低9.1%。

九寨沟景区森林航空消防探索

在近年参与九寨沟森林航空消防的基础上,总结了适合九寨沟风景区森林航空消防作业的直升机机型组合、航空直接灭火手段、起降点取水点选择以及与景区联防配合的经验,对川西北高原其他风景区、林区开展森林航空消防有参考意义。

Traffic flow prediction of urban road network based on LSTM-RF model

Traffic flow prediction,as the basis of signal coordination and travel time prediction,has become a research point in the field of transportation.For traffic flow prediction,researchers have proposed a variety of methods,but most of these methods only use the time domain information of traffic flow data to predict the traffic flow,ignoring the impact of spatial correlation on the prediction of target road segment flow,which leads to poor prediction accuracy.In this paper,a traffic flow prediction model called as long short time memory and random forest(LSTM-RF)was proposed based on the combination model.In the process of traffic flow prediction,the long short time memory(LSTM)model was used to extract the time sequence features of the predicted target road segment.Then,the predicted value of LSTM and the collected information of adjacent upstream and downstream sections were simultaneously used as the input features of the random forest model to analyze the spatial-temporal correlation of traffic flow,so as to obtain the final prediction results.The traffic flow data of 132 urban road sections collected by the license plate recognition system in Guiyang City were tested and verified.The results show that the method is better than the single model in prediction accuracy,and the prediction error is obviously reduced compared with the single model.

Characterization and formation mechanisms of fractures and their significance to hydrocarbon accumulation: A case study of Lower Ordovician mid-assemblage Formations in central Ordos Basin, China

The lower Ordovician mid-assemblage Formations in the central Ordos Basin of China host prolific gas resources,and most hydrocarbon reserves are stored in naturally-fractured reservoirs.Thus,fracture pathway systems may have a significant impact on reservoir performance.This article focuses on the core-and laboratory-based characterization of fractures.Through the developmental degrees,extended scale,output state and filling characteristics of various types of fractures,the results show that there are three distinct fracture types:1)nearly vertical fractures,2)oblique fractures,and 3)horizontal fractures.Based on a systematic study of the characterization of reservoir space,the main geologic setting of natural gas accumulation and the regional tectonic background,type 1 is mainly driven by the tectonic formation mechanism,and type 3 and parts of low-angle fractures in type 2 are induced by the diagenetic formation mechanism.While recovered paleopressure for methane-rich aqueous inclusions trapped in fracture-filling cement indicates that the fracture opening and growth are consistent with gas maturation and charge and such high-angle fractures in type 2 are caused by the compound formation mechanism.The fractures to hydrocarbon accumulation may play a more significant role in improving the quality of reservoir porosity.Furthermore,connected fractures,dissolved pores and cavities together constitute the three-dimensional pore-cave-fracture network pathway systems,with faults serving as the dominant charge pathways of highly pressurized gas in the study area.Our results demonstrate that protracted growth of a pervasive fracture system is not only the consequence of various formation mechanisms but also intrinsic to quasi-continuous accumulation reservoirs.

The design and practice of giant hydro turbine generating units of Three Gorges Project

The main technical problems that should be considered in the design of hydro-turbine generating units of Three Gorges Project (TGP) are analyzed;the key technical researches performed are summarized,and the parameters of hydro-turbine generating units are optimized through the study on key technical problems.The unit operation indicates that the performance of the hydro-turbine generating units is excellent,and the units can operate in a safe,stable and highly efficient mode for a long term.Therefore,it is verified effectively that the general technical design of units is scientific and rational.

Displacement manifold method for type synthesis of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms

Type synthesis of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms is a hot and frontier topic in international academic and industrial field. Based on the Lie group theory, a displacement manifold synthesis method is proposed. For all the nine kinds of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms, the mechanism displacement manifold, limb displacement manifold and the geometrical conditions which guarantee that the intersection of the limb displacement manifold is the desired mechanism displacement manifold are enumerated. Various limb kinematic chains can be obtained using the product closure of displacement subgroup. Parallel mechanisms can be constructed with these limbs while obeying the geometrical conditions. Hence, all the nine kinds of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms can be synthesized using this method. Since displacement manifold deals with finite motion, the result mechanism of synthesis have full-cycle mobility. Novel architectures of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms can be obtained using this method.

Effects of plant intraspecific variation on the prediction of C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation ratio from carbon isotope composition of topsoil organic matter across grasslands

Aims Understanding the patterns and drivers of carbon isotope discrimination(13Δ)in C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups is critical for predicting C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation ratio from the isotopic composition of soil organic matter.In this study,we aimed to evaluate how intraspecific variation will modify functional group-level 13Δvalues and the associated prediction of C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation ratio.Methods We investigated 13Δof 726 individual plants(96 species;C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups)and topsoil organic matter in 26 grassland communities along an aridity gradient in northern China.The fraction of C_(4)contribution was calculated with mixing models that considered:(i)both intra-and interspecific effects on the 13Δvalues of C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups;(ii)only interspecific effects;or(iii)none of these effects.Important Findings We found divergent responses of plant 13Δat the intraspecific level to the changes of aridity across the gradient.The 13Δof both C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups was negatively correlated with an aridity index,with higher sensitivity for C_(3)than for C_(4)functional groups.Intraspecific 13Δvariation played a key role in driving the total 13Δvariations of C_(3)plants.Overlooking such intraspecific effect in mixing models led to a greatly increased fraction of C_(4)contribution to soil organic carbon.A correction for the effects of intraspecific variation is therefore essential for correctly inferring C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation ratio in the past.Our findings provide basic information for the reconstruction of past vegetation change from bulk materials in arid and semiarid biomes.