The methods of chemical-mechanical treatments (CMT) were utilized for surface modification of nanodiamond in aqueous medium, and a considerably stable suspension system was thus obtained. The size of all the particles...The methods of chemical-mechanical treatments (CMT) were utilized for surface modification of nanodiamond in aqueous medium, and a considerably stable suspension system was thus obtained. The size of all the particles in the provided system was less than 100 nm with a narrow distribution and excellent stability, and no obvious change of particle crystal structure after the treatments was observed. The mechanism of the treatments was also discussed. The results show that, because of mechanical treatment effect, addition of ionic surfactants and inorganic regulators, the ζ-potential of nanodiamond shifts upwards during the treatments, and the composition of surface functional groups changes. Carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are intensified after the surface modification, which may contribute to the improvement of dispersion and stability. Meanwhile, the addition of non-ionic polymer can also benefit the suspension stability.展开更多
The paper provides an insight into key engineering aspects of Kuwait Oil Company＇s existing projects, facilities and equipment both current and from nearly 30 years of projects development. It deals with engineering ...The paper provides an insight into key engineering aspects of Kuwait Oil Company＇s existing projects, facilities and equipment both current and from nearly 30 years of projects development. It deals with engineering features of mainly process and mechanical equipment, both static and rotating besides others, used for collection, separation, desalting, heat transfer, chemical treatment, storage, transmission, pipelines and similar facilities utilized for upstream oil and gas production, both sweet and sour. Engineering highlights include certain technological developments, metallurgical aspects, few best practices and lessons learnt as well. Seven （7） case studies are included towards the end that show case some of the engineering aspects of facility equipment, lessons learned from their engineering and conclusions drawn that, emphasize the need to focus on initial, preliminary engineering aspects of projects and could provide useful tips for oil and gas engineers and designers.展开更多
文摘The methods of chemical-mechanical treatments (CMT) were utilized for surface modification of nanodiamond in aqueous medium, and a considerably stable suspension system was thus obtained. The size of all the particles in the provided system was less than 100 nm with a narrow distribution and excellent stability, and no obvious change of particle crystal structure after the treatments was observed. The mechanism of the treatments was also discussed. The results show that, because of mechanical treatment effect, addition of ionic surfactants and inorganic regulators, the ζ-potential of nanodiamond shifts upwards during the treatments, and the composition of surface functional groups changes. Carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are intensified after the surface modification, which may contribute to the improvement of dispersion and stability. Meanwhile, the addition of non-ionic polymer can also benefit the suspension stability.
文摘The paper provides an insight into key engineering aspects of Kuwait Oil Company＇s existing projects, facilities and equipment both current and from nearly 30 years of projects development. It deals with engineering features of mainly process and mechanical equipment, both static and rotating besides others, used for collection, separation, desalting, heat transfer, chemical treatment, storage, transmission, pipelines and similar facilities utilized for upstream oil and gas production, both sweet and sour. Engineering highlights include certain technological developments, metallurgical aspects, few best practices and lessons learnt as well. Seven （7） case studies are included towards the end that show case some of the engineering aspects of facility equipment, lessons learned from their engineering and conclusions drawn that, emphasize the need to focus on initial, preliminary engineering aspects of projects and could provide useful tips for oil and gas engineers and designers.
