“机织工程”课程学习方法与提升知识积累效率的探索

“机织工程”是纺织工程专业本科生核心课程,承接“纺织材料学”和“纺纱工程”等专业课程,知识点繁多、复杂、抽象。学生在学习过程中注意力分散、效率低下。为了有效地提高学生的学习效率,提出9种学习方法,以帮助学生高效地积累课堂专业知识,提升专业能力,为培养纺织行业高端人才奠定基础。

“机织工程”课程知识积累与实践能力协同提升的教学探索

在机织工程教学中,由于课程内容抽象难懂、传统教学设计及教学模式落后,教学效果不理想。江南大学纺织科学与工程学院积极探索该课程教学方法,研究提升学生课堂知识积累的有效途径,并分析学生知识积累、创新思维与实践能力协同提升的关联性,指导并提升学生知识转化创新创业的能力,取得良好的教学成效,有效促进以能力培养为导向的纺织工程专业教学改革。

纺织工程专业卓越工程师培养课程“机织工程”的建设

"机织工程"是纺织工程专业的专业课程和学位课程。江南大学在卓越工程师培养课程建设期间,紧扣卓越工程师人才的培养目标,更新教学理念,改革课程教学组织形式和考核模式,充分调动和发挥学生的主观能动性,强调学生综合能力的培养。在教学过程中,理论教学与研讨并行,以学生为主体,课堂教学与课后学习并重,充分发挥网络资源的作用,将课程录像、课件、教案等各类资源上传网络,强化学生的自我学习能力。结合卓越工程师的培养目标,将理论与实践相结合,强化学生工程实践能力的培养。

高职院校《机织工程》信息化教学改革研究与实践

伴随信息技术的发展,引发新一轮教学改革。如何正确引入信息化教学元素,改革当前教学模式,是当前教改的重要课题。文章以《机织工程》为例,依据行业导向,参照岗位要求,以企业真实案例为主线,对课程内容进行重构。分阶段有条不紊的完成信息化课程建设,在教学实践过程中,有效借助信息化教学手段,完成教学任务,提升教学质量。

Influence of different gravitational environments on the mechanotrans-duction in osteoblasts

Objective: To observe the effects of different gravitational environments on release of prostaglandin E2 in rat calvarial osteoblasts induced by fluid shear stress (FSS) so that to investigate the influence of different gravity on mechanotransduction in osteoblasts. Methods: Osteoblasts were isolated from neonatal rat calvariae and then were set to three groups. Each was cultured in one gravitational environment; 1G terrestrial gravitational environment (control), simulated weightlessness achieved by using clinostat and 3G gravitational environment achieved by using centrifuge for 60 h, then osteoblasts were treated with 0. 5 Pa or 1. 5 Pa FSS in a flow chamber for 1 h. The release of PGE2 in osteoblasts was determined. Results: In 1G gravitational environment, the release of PGE2 was significantly increased along with the sustaining of FSS treatments (P<0. 01), but there was no remarkable difference between the responses to 0. 5 Pa FSS and 1. 5 Pa FSS (P>0. 05). While in simulated weightlessness environment group, no detectable release of PGE2 was found with the treatment of 0. 5 Pa FSS (P<0. 01), and the release of PGE2 was delayed and the amount of PGE2 production was remarkably decreased with 1. 5 Pa FSS treatment as compared with that of 1G group (P<0. 01). The responsiveness of osteoblasts cultured in 3G gravitational environment to FSS was similar to that of 1G group. Conclusion: These results indicate that in vitro the mechanotransduction in osteoblasts iss affected by stimulated weightlessness, whereas it is not altered in 3G gravitational environment.

Substitution for In Vitro and In Vivo Tests:Computational Models from Cell Attachment to Tissue Regeneration

To get an optimal product of orthopaedic implant or regenerative medicine needs to follow trialand-error analyses to investigate suitable product’s material,structure,mechanical properites etc.The whole process from in vivo tests to clinical trials is expensive and time-consuming.Computational model is seen as a useful analysis tool to make the product development.A series of models for simulating tissue engineering process from cell attachment to tissue regeneration are reviewed.The challenging is that models for simulating tissue engineering processes are developed separately.From cell to tissue regeneration,it would go through blood injection after moving out the defect;to cell disperse and attach on the scaffold;to proliferation,migration and differentiation;and to the final part-becoming mature tissues.This paper reviewed models that related to tissue engineering process,aiming to provide an opportunity for researchers to develop a mature model for whole tissue engineering process.This article focuses on the model analysis methods of cell adhesion,nutrient transport and cell proliferation,differentiation and migration in tissue engineering.In cell adhesion model,one of the most accurate method is to use discrete phase model to govern cell movement and use Stanton-Rutland model for simulating cell attachment.As for nutrient transport model,numerical model coupling with volume of fluid model and species transport model together is suitable for predicting nutrient transport process.For cell proliferation,differentiation and migration,finite element method with random-walk algorithm is one the most advanced way to simulate these processes.Most of the model analysis methods require further experiments to verify the accuracy and effectiveness.Due to the lack of technology to detect the rate of nutrient diffusion,there are especially few researches on model analysis methods in the area of blood coagulation.Therefore,there is still a lot of work to be done in the research of the whole process model method of tissue engineering.In the future,the numerical model would be seen as an optimal way to investigate tissue engineering products bioperformance and also enable to optimize the parameters and material types of the tissue engineering products.

Examining Construction Quality Supervision and Organization Procedures for BOT Projects by Comparing with DBB Projects

Adopting the BOT （build-operate-transfer） delivery method has brought opportunities and challenges in construction time and quality for urban infrastructure. Many studies investigate the upstream issues of BOT projects such as concessionaire selection criteria and risk factors. But the project execution becomes complicated such as the escalated quality supervision organization and procedure at the construction stage. This extra supervision may have constituted hidden redundancies as waste to economic sustainability. This paper investigated construction quality supervision of BOT projects to pinpoint adequate degree of supervision and detect redundant organization and procedures. The study adopted ten subway construction projects as cases in which five were from the traditional design-bid-build （DBB） and five from the BOT methods. Thirty six project participants including owners, contractors, designers, and concessionaire managers of the ten projects were interviewed to tell their views on these issues. The quality supervision measures of the DBB projects were used as the baseline and compared with those of the BOT projects. The research results show that the construction quality seems no difference for the DBB and BOT projects. Construction quality comes out of supervision but excessive supervision organization and procedures do not necessarily improve quality. This finding indicates that adequate degree of supervision is enough to achieve required quality to save immense paperwork for large construction projects.

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON IN VITRO TENDON ENGINEE-RING USING TENOCYTES AND POLYGLYCOLIC ACIDS

Objective To investigate the feasibility of tendon engineering in vitro using tenocyws and polyglycolic acids （ PGA ）. Methods Tenocytes were isolated by tissue explant method and expanded in vitro. Cells of the second passage were collected and seeded onto PGA scaffolds made from PGA unwoven fibers at the density of 20 × 10^6 cells/ml. At 1 week postseeding ,the constructs were divided into three groups as follows： cell-scaffold constructs under constant tension generated by a U-shaped spring as the experimental group （ n = 5 ）, cell-scaffold constructs under no tension as control group 1 （ n = 4 ）, cell-free scaffolds under constant tension as control group 2 （n =3）. Samples were harvested at 2, 4 and 6 weeks for histological and immunohistochemical （ IHC ） examinations. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and mechanical test were performed to evaluate the constructs of 6 weeks. Results At 2 weeks, the constructs were mainly composed of undegraded PGA fibers. Gross and histological examination revealed no difference between the groups. At 4 weeks, neo-tendon was visible through gross observation in experimental group and control group 1. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed the formation of collagen fibers. While in control group 2, PGA fibers were mostly degraded. At 6 weeks, the constructs were much thinner in experimental group than those in control group 1 （ 1.44 ± 0.13mm vs 2.55 ± 0. 18mm in diameter ）. TEM showed periodical strata of collagen fibers in the constructs from experimental group and control group 1. However, histology in experimental group revealed longitudinal alignment of collagen fibers, which more resembled natural tendon than neotendon formed in control group 1. Besides, the maximum load to failure（ Newton/mm^2 ） was greater in experimental group than that in control group 1 （1. 107 ±0. 327 vs 0. 294 ± 0. 138, P 〈0.05）. Conclusion It＇ s possible to engineer tendon substitutes in vitro. Cyclic strain generated by a bioreactor may be the optimal mechanical stimulation and is currently under investigation.