我国高水平武术运动员不同状态下的机能反应

本文研究1990年参加全国武术集训和参加全国武术赛及亚运热身赛的部分高水平运动员不同状态下的机能反应,目的为探讨经长时间武术训练后身体机能有何变化及各拳种训练时运动员的影响有何不同,为开展武术运动及科学训练提供依据。

高原肺动脉高压症动物模型的建立及生理机能反应的初步研究

目的建立高原病动物模型并对相关生理机能反应进行初步研究。方法将30只Wistar大鼠随机分成15天和30天2个组后运至海拔4300m处饲养。分别在第15天和第30天进行Pap、RV/(LV+S)比值等测定。另外,随机选取12只大鼠作为较低海拔(2260m)对照组,10只高原鼠兔作为高海拔(4300m)对照组。结果30只Wistar大鼠经15天和30天饲养后,两个实验组Pap、RV/(LV+S)比值分别为42.80±6.09、0.50±0.06(15天);50.0±10.20、0.50±0.08(30天),显著高于高原对照组(21.88±6.09,0.32±0.03)和较低海拔组(24.50±8.06,0.30±0.01),P值均小于0.01。15天和30天组HAPH患病率分别为87%和100%,但体循环压没有显著差别。结论通过对Wistar大鼠各项生理指标的测定,认为在海拔4300m地区饲养15天就可完全建立高原肺动脉高压症的动物模型,并进一步说明低海拔动物与高原特有动物具有对低氧环境的不同生理反应机制。

对一次30km户外登山运动中能量消耗、体成分变化及机能反应的研究

目的:比较心率法和三轴运动加速度计推算能量消耗的差别,并探讨一次30km登山运动对体成分变化和机体的反应,为了解登山运动的特点提供实验支持。方法:采用实验法募集10名大学生完成一次30km、10h野外登山运动,测试运动过程中的心率和三轴加速度参数推算运动过程中的能量消耗,登山前和次日晨体成分及血清肌酸激酶、血尿素、尿蛋白和尿比重;采用数理统计法对比各项指标的差异性。结果:(1)心率法测能量消耗与三轴加速度计测能量消耗除在2个1h时间段内有差异外(p<0.05)外,其余8h均无显著差异,且两种方法显著相关(r=0.761,p<0.05);(2)登山后次日晨受试者体重、脂肪含量显著下降(p<0.05),血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)显著升高(p<0.01),尿蛋白呈阳率达到80%,尿比重显著升高。结论:(1)心率与三轴加速度计均能较好测定能量消耗,可依据需要选择测试方法;(2)在此种登山过程中机体除消耗了大量脂肪,还引起大量的体液丢失流失;(3)经过1昼夜休息,机体尚未完全恢复。

染镉雌性大鼠垂体、卵巢对性腺激素的反应机能状况

目的 研究镉的雌性性腺毒性及其机制 ,为镉中毒防治研究提供科学依据。方法 不同剂量对雌性大鼠行亚慢性皮下注射染毒 (每天 1次 ,每周 5d ,连续 6周 )。染毒 2 0d后连续观察并记录动情周期 ;于染毒结束时进行促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH)刺激试验 ,采用放免法测定FSH、LH变化 ;采用原子吸收光谱法测定卵巢、子宫、血清镉含量 ;将小鼠随机分成 3组 ,连续染镉 5d ,每天 1次 ,染毒第 6天进行超排卵试验。结果 ( 1)染毒组大鼠子宫、卵巢镉含量均高于低剂量组和对照组 (P <0 0 5 )且子宫镉与卵巢镉、血清镉含量有明显相关性 ;( 2 )高剂量组大鼠动情间期和动情周期异常率较其他剂量组明显增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;( 3)注射GnRH前 ,各剂量组间大鼠血清中LH、FSH差异未见显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,注射GnRH后 ,各剂量组血清中LH、FSH水平较注射前均明显升高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而注射后染镉组大鼠血清中LH水平显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,FSH则否 ;( 4 )染镉小鼠超数排卵试验各组小鼠的卵子数差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 子宫、卵巢也是镉的重要靶器官 ,镉可引起雌性大鼠动情周期明显异常 ,染镉大鼠垂体对超量GnRH的反应能力和代偿功能明显损害 ,而卵巢对于超量促性腺激素的反应机能基本正常 。

一种基于特高压直流高空3D防护柔性外骨骼的健康工效

目的探讨针对特高压直流高空作业初步设计的3D防护柔性外骨骼的健康工效和可用性。方法10名健康成年男性作为受试者,分别在穿戴新设计的柔性外骨骼和常用安全带的条件下完成两次搬运试验,每次持续完成3组搬运工作。采用心率表、肺通气仪、Borg疲劳感量表及系统可用性量表SUS比较受试者在两种穿戴条件下的即刻生理机能反应和使用评价。结果穿戴外骨骼不同程度地降低受试者在各组搬运后的心率、肺通气量和主观疲劳感,有较高的使用认可度。结论新设计的3D防护柔性外骨骼可能有改善生理机能、缓解疲劳等健康工效,需要进一步优化设计和应用研究,以期推广应用。

散打运动员专项训练后的尿液成分变化分析

对福建省散打队5名运动员进行两次专项训练后中段尿样测试,收集其测试数据。结果表明,第一次训练,尿蛋白全部出现阳性测试结果;第二次训练,尿蛋白出现阳性人数80%,尿胆原出现阳性人数80%。两次训练均有尿液pH弱酸性现象,第二次训练相比第一次训练,尿比重平均值增加0.008,最大值增加0.005。散打运动员的两次专项训练,第二次训练的运动强度和运动负荷相对更大,运动员的机能反应更明显。评定运动负荷、刺激反应、机能状态、恢复情形等情况时,尿蛋白与尿胆原是良好的尿液检测指标。

Electrodeposition of Ir on platinum in NaCl-KCl molten salt

The reduction mechanism of Ir in the NaCl-KCl-IrCl3 molten salt was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry, and Ir film was deposited effectively on platinum in potentiostatic mode. The morphology and constitution of Ir film were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It is found that the reduction mechanism of Ir（III） is a three-electron step and electro reaction is a reversible diffusion controlled process; the diffusion coefficients of Ir（III） at 1083, 1113, 1143 and 1183 K are 1.56×10-4, 2.23×10-4, 2.77×10-4 and 4.40×10-4 cm2/s, respectively, while the activation energy of the electrode reaction is 102.95 kJ/mol. The compacted Ir film reveals that the applied potential greatly affects the deposition of Ir, the thickness of Ir film deposited at the potential of reduction peak is the highest, the temperature of the molten salt also exerts an influence on deposition, the film formed at a lower temperature is thinner, but more micropores would occur on film when the temperature went too high.

Ab initio Study of Mechanism of Forming Germanic Bis-Heterocyclic Compound Between Dichloro-Germylene Carbene （Cl2Ge=C：） and Formaldehyde

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction of forming germanic bis-heterocyclic compound between singlet dichloro-germylene carbene and formaldehyde has been investigated with CCSD（T）//MP2/6-31G^＊ method, from the potential energy profile, we predict that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The presented rule of this reaction： the 2p unoccupied orbital of the C atom in dichloro-germylene carbene insert the π orbital of formaldehyde from oxygen side, resulting in the formation of intermediate. In the intermediate and between two reactants, because of the two bonding π orbital in dichloro-germylene carbene and formaldehyde have occurred [2＋2] cycloaddition reaction, forming two four- membered ring compounds in which Ge and O are in the opposite orientation and in the syn-position, respectively. Because of the unsaturated property of C atom from carbene in the two four-membered ring compounds, they further reacts with formaldehyde, resulting in the generation of two germanic bis-heterocyclic compounds.

新课程体育课教学要素解析——运动负荷与密度及体育课的分析与评定

一、运动负荷与密度 1．运功负荷 学生在体育课中，承受各种合理教学活动的运动刺激后引起的生理机能反应的程度，称为运动负荷（一般也叫运动量）。上体育课学生所承受运动负荷的大小，是由体育课的密度和学生的练习强度两个方面决定的。课的密度，是指一堂体育课中教、学、练等各项活动合理使用的时间与全课总时间之比。学生的学习强度，是指学生在做身体练习后引起的生理机能的反应，目前普遍采用运动后的即刻脉搏来表示。

Ab initio Study on Mechanism of Forming a Silicic Bis-Heterocyclic Compound Between Dimethylmethylenesilylene and Ethene

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction of forming a silicic bis-heterocyclic compound between singlet dimethylmethylenesilylene （Me2C=Si：） and ethene has been investigated with the CCSD（T）//MP2/6-31G＊ method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that, this reaction has one dominant channel. The presented rule of this dominant channel： the 3p unoccupied orbital of Si in dimethylmethylenesilylene and the π orbital of ethene forming the π→p donor-acceptor bond, resulting in the formation of three-membered ring intermediate （INT1）; INT1 then isomerizes to a four-membered ring silylene （P2）, which is driven by ring-enlargement effect; due to sp3 hybridization of Si atom in P2, P2 further combines with ethene to form a silicic bis-heterocyclic compound.

Density Functional Theory Study of Mechanism of Cycloaddition Reaction Between Dimethyl-Silylene Carbene and Acetone

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet dimethyl-silylene carbene and acetone has been investigated with density functional theory, From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The presented rule of this reaction： the [2＋2] cycloaddition effect between the πorbital of dimethyl-silylene carbene and the π orbital of π-bonded compounds leads to the formation of a twisty four-membered ring intermediate and a planar four-membered ring product; The unsaturated property of C atom from carbene in the planar four-membered ring product,resulting in the generation of CH3-transfer product and silicic bis-heterocyclic compound.

总觉得累可能是这些原因

生活中，很多时候累并非都是缺觉、压力大所致，还可能存在多种意想不到的原因。美国《赫芬顿邮报》最新报道，如果长期缺乏激情、感觉疲惫，则可能是出自以下13个原因，逐一击破，才能重焕活力。1．身体脱水。脱水会导致身体各机能反应迟钝，比如血流量降低、心脏负荷加大等，从而易疲倦。喝水量取决于身材大小、活动水平等指标，通常建议每人每天要喝够2000毫升。

Theoretical Study on the Reaction Mechanism of CH2F Radical with HNCO

The reaction mechanism of CH2F radical with HNCO was investigated by density functional theory （DFT） at the B3LYP/6-311＋＋G（d,p） level. The geometries of the reactants, the intermediates, the transition states and the products were optimized. The transition states were verified through the vibration analysis. The relative energies were calculated at the QCISD（T）/6-311＋＋G^＊＊//B3LYP/6-311＋＋G（d,p） level. Seven feasible reaction pathways of the reaction were studied. The results indicate that the pathway （5） is the most favorable to occur, so it is the main pathway of the reaction.

Reduction mechanism of Fe2O3-Cr2O3-NiO system by carbon

Isothermal experiments on the reduction of Fe_2O_3-Cr_2O_3-NiO(molar ratio of Fe-to-Cr-to-Ni is 3:2:2)by graphite were carried out at 1350–1550°C,and effects of various factors on reduction degree were studied.The results show that the reaction rate of the Fe_2O_3-Cr_2O_3-NiO system is fast during the initial period(reduction degree,α<38%),and then the rate decreases until the end of the reduction.Factors such as temperature,carbon content,sample size have a more significant effect during the final stage(α>38%).The metallic product formed at the initial stage(a Fe-Ni alloy)greatly promotes the reduction of Cr2O3 at the final stage.Further,during the reduction of Fe_2O_3-Cr_2O_3-NiO by carbon,interfacial reaction is the rate-controlling step and g(α)=1-(1-α)0.5 is the reaction mechanism for the initial stage,whereas two-dimensional diffusion is the rate-controlling step and f(α)=α+(1-α)ln(1-α)is the reaction mechanism for the final stage.The apparent activation energies are 55.43 k J/mol and 174.54 k J/mol for the initial and the final stages,respectively.

Improving performance of recycled aggregate concrete with superfine pozzolanic powders

Phosphorous slag （PHS）, ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBS） and fly ash （FA） were used as replacements of Portland cement to modify the microstruc^xe of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC）. A new manufacturing method named ＂W3T4＂ was proposed to improve the performances of interracial transition zone （ITZ） between recycled aggregate and mortar. The mechanical properties and the durability of RAC were tested, which show that this new manufacturing method improves the properties of RAC, and the GGBS with finest size makes a great contribution to the performance of RAC due to its better filling effect and much earlier pozzolanic reaction. Combined with GGBS, the effects of PHS on the retardation of setting time can be alleviated and the synergistic effect helps to make a more compact RAC. For the RAC with 25% of the recycled aggregate （RA） replacement and 10% PHS ＋ 10% GGBS additives, the compressive strength increases by 25.4%, but the permeability decreases by 64.3% with respect to the reference concrete made with nature aggregates. The micro-mechanisms of these improvements were investigated by the scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The SEM images show that the new manufacturing method, adding superfine pozzolanic powders and super-plasticizer benefits, makes a much denser ITZ in RAC.

Hydrogen energy recovery from high strength organic wastewater with ethanol type fermentation using acidogenic EGSB reactor

A lab-scale expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor was employed to evaluate the feasibility of the hydrogen energy recovery potential from high strength organic wastewater. The results showed that a maximum hydrogen production rate of 7.43 m^3 H2/m^3 reactor · d and an average hydrogen production rate of 6.44- ms H^2/ms reactor · d were achieved with the hydrogen content of 50% -56% in the biogas during the 90-day operation. At the acidogenic phase, COD removal rate was stable at about 15%. In the steady operation period, the main liquid end products were ethanol and acetic acid, which represented ethanol type fermentation. Among the liquid end products, the concentration percentage of ethanol and acetic acid amounted to 69.5% - 89. 8% and the concentration percentage of ethanol took prominent about 51.7% - 59. 1%, which is better than the utilization of substrate for the methanogenic bacteria. An ethanol type fermentation pathway was suggested in the operation of enlarged industrial continuous hydrogen bio-producing reactors.

Reaction Mechanism and Product Branching Ratios of OH+C2H3F Reaction:A Theoretical Study

Ab initio CCSD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)calculations of the potential energy surface for possible dissociation channels of HOC2H3F,as well as Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus(RRKM)calculations of rate constants,were carried out,in order to predict statistical product branching ratios in dissociation of HOC2H3F at various internal energies.The most favorable reaction pathway leading to the major CH2CHO+HF products is as the following:OH+C2H3F→i2→TS14→i6→TS9→i3→TS3→CH2CHO+HF,where the rate-determining step is HF elimination from the CO bridging position via TS11,lying above the reactants by 3.8 kcal/mol.The CH2O+CH2F products can be formed by F atom migration from Cαto Cβposition via TS14,then H migration from O to Cαposition via TS16,and C-C breaking to form the products via TS5,which is 1.8 kcal/mol lower in energy than the reactants,and 4.0 kcal/mol lower than TS11.

SSC:Gesture-based game for initial dementia examination

This paper presents a novel system assisting medical dementia examination in a joyful way: the object just needs to play a popular game SSC against the computer during the examination. The SSC game’s target is to detect the player’s reacting capability, which is related closely with dementia. Our system reaches this target with some advantages: there are no temporal and spatial constraints at all. There is no cost, and it can even improve people’s mental status. Hand talk technology and EHMM gesture recognition approach are employed to realize the human computer interface. Experiments showed that this system can evaluate people’s reacting capability effectively and is helpful for initial dementia examination.

Multiagent Approach to Adsorption-Diffusion-Reaction Processes Modeling by the Method of Likelihood Cellular Automat

The discrete three-dimensional model of the adsorption-diffusion process was developed with three states using the comers of blocks within the framework of the theory of CA （cellular automata）. The construction of an asynchronous cellular automaton was used for the modeling, The implementation of the algorithm leads to a huge variety of dynamical regimes some of which are moving from the general chaos into a state of local and then global synchronization （within the framework of the model）.

Kinetics Analysis on Mixing Calcination Process of Fly Ash and Ammonium Sulfate

The further development of the extraction of alumina that is produced in the calcination process of ammonium sulfate mixed with fly ash was limited because of the lack of systematic theoretical study. In order to aggrandize the research of the calcination process, the kinetics and reaction mechanism of the calcinations were studied. The result suggests that there are two stages in the calcination process, and the alumina extraction rate increases swiftly in the initial stage, but slows down increasing in the later stage. The apparent activation energy of the initial and later stages equals to 13.31 and 35.65 kJ·mol-1, respectively. In the initial stage, ammonium sulfate reacts directly with mullite in the fly ash to form ammonium aluminum sulfate, while in the later stage, aluminum sulfate is formed by the reaction between ammonium aluminum sulfate and ammonium sulfate.