论区域法制一体化进程中法律解释机能的发挥——基于京津冀法制一体化的分析

京津冀法制一体化是一个动态的、综合的体系化建构,主要包括法制发现的一体化、法制实施的一体化及二者的互动过程。基于立法理性主义的思维,人们往往把区域法制一体化的研究重心放在何制定统一性规则上,在当前京津冀区域发展的情势下,此种区域立法理性主义的追求可能面临着诸多困境,因而,可以放缓通过刚性立法追求法律规则一体化的进程,更多地在经验主义的指引下通过法律解释最大化探求区域内现有制度资源的潜能以实现协调发展的目标。为此,有必要结合区域发展情势形塑当前法律解释方法选择的位阶结构,并探索相关法律解释保障制度的建构。

我国科技创新体系建设现状研究

当前,我国科技创新体系稳步发展,各项机能逐步发挥,体系运行取得一定成效,但仍存在几个方面的突出问题,影响到科技创新体系的良性运行。造成问题的原因是多方面的,其中,制度基础、政策法规、创新环境等三方面因素比较突出。

Simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene with gliding arc gas discharge

The simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene with relatively low or high initial concentration is studied using a laboratory scale gliding arc gas discharge (GA) reactor. Good decomposition efficiencies are obtained which proves that the GA is effective for the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with either low or high concentration. A theoretical decomposition mechanism is proposed based on detection of the species in the plasma region and analysis of the decomposition by-products. This preliminary investigation reveals that the GA has potential to be applied to the treatment of exhaust air during color printing and coating works, by either direct removal or combination with activated carbon adsorption/desorption process.

Secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity in photooxidation in the presence of Al_2O_3 seed particles and SO_2

To investigate the sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity to NOx in homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, a series of irradiated toluene/NOx/air and ?-pinene/NOx/air experiments were conducted in smog chambers in the absence or presence of Al2O3 seed particles. Various concentrations of NOx and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were designed to simulate secondary aerosol formation under different scenarios for NOx. Under "VOC-limited" conditions, the increasing NOx concentration suppressed secondary aerosol formation, while the increasing toluene concentration not only contributed to the increase in secondary aerosol formation, but also led to the elevated oxidation degree for the organic aerosol. Sulfate formation was suppressed with the increasing NOx due to a decreased oxidation capacity of the photooxidation system. Secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation also decreased with the presence of high concentration of NOx, because organo-peroxy radicals(RO2) react with NOx instead of with peroxy radicals(RO2 or HO2), resulting in the formation of volatile organic products. The increasing concentration of NOx enhanced the formation of sulfate, nitrate and SOA under "NOx-limited" conditions, in which the heterogeneous reactions played an important role. In the presence of Al2O3 seed particles, a synergetic promoting effect of mineral dust and NOx on secondary aerosol formation in heterogeneous reactions was observed in the photooxidation. This synergetic effect strengthened the positive relationship between NOx and secondary aerosol formation under "NOx-limited" conditions but weakened or even overturned the negative relationship between NOx and secondary aerosol formation under "VOC-limited" conditions. Sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation to NOx seemed different in homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, and should be both taken into account in the sensitivity study. The sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation to NOx was further investigated under "winter-like" and NH3-rich conditions. No obvious difference for the sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation except nitrate to NOx was observed.

Enhanced open-circuit voltage in methoxyl substituted benzodithiophene-based polymer solar cells

The open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))is one of the important parameters that influence the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of polymer solar cells.Its value is mainly determined by the energy level offset between the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)of the donor and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)of the acceptor.Therefore,decreasing the HOMO value of the polymer could lead to a high V_(oc)and thus increasing the cell efficiency.Here we report a facile way to lower the polymer HOMO energy level by using methoxyl substituted-benzodithiophene(BDT)unit.The polymer with the methoxyl functionl group(POBDT(S)-T1)exhibited a HOMO value of-5.65 eV,which is deeper than that(-5.52 eV)of polymer without methoxyl unit(PBDT(S)-T1).As a result,POBDT(S)-T1-based solar cells show a high V_(oc)of 0.98 V and PCE of 9.2%.In contrast,PBDT(S)-T1-based devices show a relatively lower V_(oc)of 0.89 V and a moderate PCE of 7.4%.The results suggest that the involvement of methoxyl group into conjugated copolymers can efficiencly lower their HOMO energy levels.