苦参杀虫抑菌生物活性的初步研究

通过对苦参提取物杀虫抑菌活性的研究表明,在同等浓度下苦参除对蚊子幼虫( 孑孓) 外,对美洲棉铃虫、舞毒蛾、烟草天蛾等幼虫均无毒杀作用,而对10 种供试真菌、细菌抑制作用明显。作者认为苦参的抑菌作用应比其杀虫作用更要受到重视。

多裂骆驼蓬生物碱类物质抑菌杀虫活性研究

采用生长速率法和浸叶法研究多裂骆驼蓬中生物碱类物质对8种植物病原真菌和2种蚜虫的抑菌杀虫作用。结果表明,水溶性生物碱、脂溶性生物碱和总生物碱提取液对供试病原真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对小麦赤霉病菌、黄瓜霜霉病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌和小麦条锈病菌抑制作用明显,0.5 0 g/mL试液的抑菌率均在7 8%以上;对供试2种蚜虫有明显的触杀活性,其中0.5 0 g/mL水溶液性、脂溶性和总生物碱对麦二叉蚜的校正死亡率分别为3 9.6 4%、3 5.4 0%和4 4.7 0%,对桃蚜的校正死亡率分别为2 8.1 7%、2 5.8 3%和3 1.2 2%。生物碱类物质的抑菌杀虫活性大小顺序为:总生物碱>水溶性生物碱>脂溶性生物碱。

藏药熏倒牛提取物的抑菌杀虫活性研究

为了探讨藏药熏倒牛乙醇提取物不同极性溶剂萃取部位的抑菌杀虫活性,将熏倒牛乙醇提取物依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,所得各萃取部位及水余液部位通过抑菌圈法测定抑菌活性部位,对活性部位采用二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度,采用改良任氏法测定杀灭滴虫活性部位及最低有效杀虫浓度。结果表明熏倒牛乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和阴沟肠杆菌有强抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度为0.125 mg/m L,对变形杆菌、粪肠球菌和白色念珠菌的抑制作用也比较强,最低抑菌浓度为0.25 mg/m L。石油醚部位和乙酸乙酯部位对阴道滴虫有明显抑制作用,最低有效杀虫浓度分别为0.5、0.25 mg/m L。说明熏倒牛乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位有较强的抑菌杀虫作用,是熏倒牛的抑菌杀虫活性部位。

大蒜浸出液对几种果实病原菌杀(抑)菌效力的研究

本文采用抑菌圈法，以柑橘青霉、柑橘绿霉、苹果青霉、苹果褐斑病菌为试材，测定了不同溶剂，不同脱臭方法对大蒜浸出液杀（抑）菌效力的影响，得出最经济、有效的方法为４０％乙醇直接浸出法。不同处理的正交试验结果表明，提取过程中添加ＶＢ１为不降低汁液杀（抑）菌效力的最佳脱臭方法。

峨眉千里光甲醇提取物杀虫、抑菌及抑制种子萌发活性的初步研究

本文研究了峨眉千里光甲醇提取物的杀虫、抑菌及抑制种子萌发的活性。结果表明,对甲醇提取物进一步萃取后,氯仿、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇萃取物表现出很强的杀虫、抑菌及抑制种子萌发活性,其中对桃蚜24h的LC50值在0.119~0.414mg/mL之间,对番茄灰霉病菌72h的EC50值在5.956~9.416mg/mL之间。因此,峨眉千里光甲醇提取物的氯仿和乙酸乙酯萃取物的杀虫、抑菌活性成分值得进一步深入研究。

豚草杀虫抑菌活性成分的LC-MS分析

本研究采用LC-MS(液相色谱-质谱联用)技术对豚草中的生物活性成分进行了定性分析,结果表明:含有五种具有杀虫抑菌活性的化学成分,分别为绿原酸、豚草素、二氢豚草素、银胶菊酯和冠裸穗豚草素。

农用植物内生真菌研究进展

植物内生真菌(Plant endophytic fungi)是指在植物寄主中度过全部或近乎全部生活周期而不使寄主表现任何症状的一类真菌。它是生活在植物组织内的一类微生物，是植物微生态系统中的天然组成成分。内生真菌长期生活在植物体内的特殊环境中，并与寄主协同进化，在演化过程中两者形成了互惠……

微波辐射对几种常见表皮癣菌杀灭或抑制效应的实验研究

目的探讨微波辐射对红色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌杀抑的效应。方法采用ME7250型、频率2450MHz的医用微波仪,分别以输出功率为20,40,60W的微波,辐射接种后的红色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌,并对其生长情况进行实验室观察。将接种的红色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌的试管,分别按不同的辐射时间、辐射次数分为辐射10,15,20min三大组;每一辐射时间档中分为辐射1,3,6,9次的组别。按设计分组辐射完成后,置27℃恒温箱内。30d后,观察试管内菌落的生长情况,并在显微镜下对其生物学形态进行观察。结果输出功率20W的微波辐射无明显的杀抑效应。输出功率40W的微波辐射10min,15min有抑菌的效应;辐射20min有较明显抑菌的效应。输出功率60W的微波辐射10min,有较明显抑菌的效应,辐射15min,20min显现杀菌效应。结论输出功率40W的微波辐射有抑菌的效应。输出功率60W、频率2450MHz的微波辐射红色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌,有明显的抑制生长和杀菌作用,效应随辐射强度的增大而增强。

洗手液产品质量安全监测分析及建议

新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)爆发以来,疫情防控相关产品需求量井喷,市场上涌现出大量质量参差不齐的洗手液产品。按相关标准对市售100批次的洗手液产品进行了监测,根据产品的具体情况分别进行了有效成分含量、杀抑菌性能和稳定性的检测。结果表明,对于宣称具有消毒或杀抑菌功效的产品中,65批次“消”字号产品的符合率为70.8%,11批次“妆”字号产品的符合率为27.3%;50批次水洗型产品的符合率为66.0%,36批次免洗型产品的符合率为58.3%;仅在广告中作上述宣称的10批次产品的符合率仅为20.0%;目前市售合格产品的稳定性良好。根据产品的质量监测结果和全产业链调研情况,对洗手液产品进行了数据分析、质量评估及不合格原因分析,对监管部门、生产厂家、消费者分别提出了监管建议、质量提升措施和消费警示。

苦参碱的生物活性及其研究进展

苦参碱具有多种杀虫抑菌活性,在农业上获得了广泛应用,但还应该加强基础研究,为苦参碱的进一步开发奠定基础。

Effects of Trichosporon sp. in Combination with Calcium and Fungicide on Biocontrol of Postharvest Diseases in Apple Fruits

The capability of yeast Trichosporon sp., an antagonist isolated from peach fruit, in biological control was evaluated in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) fruits, when inoculated with different concentrations of Botrytis cinerea Pers. and Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom, as well as in combination with calcium and fungicide. The concentrations of the yeast cells and pathogen spores obviously influenced disease incidence and lesion development in apples. There was a significant negative correlation between concentrations of the yeast cells and infectivity of the pathogens. When the yeast cell suspensions reached the concentration of 10 8 colony_forming units (CFU) /mL, there was no infection caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum with spore concentrations below 10 6 spores/mL in apple fruits. The yeast at concentrations of 10 6-10 7 CFU/mL in combination with fungicide (iprodione at 50 μL/L) provided control of decay caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum better than separate application. Effect of controlling gray mould and blue mould rots was enhanced when Trichosporon sp., even at low concentration of 10 5 CFU/mL, was applied in the presence of 1%-2% CaCl 2 in an aqueous suspension.

Inhibition of Chlamydospore Germination and Mycelial Growth of Trichoderma spp. by Chemical Fungicides

For exploring the influences of application and residue of chemical fungi- cides on chlamydospore preparations of Trichoderma spp., the effects of seven chemical fungicides on chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of two bio- control fungi T. harzianum 610 and T. Iongibrachiatum 758 were studied. Carben- dazim, tebuconazole and difenoconazole showed strong toxicities, thiram and car- bexin showed moderate toxicities, and metalaxyl showed Mycelia growth of the two strains was more sensitive to most tested fungicides than those of chlamydospore germination. Chlamydospore germination of 610 was more sensitive to tested fungicides than those of 758, and mycelia growth of 758 was more sensitive to most tested fungi- cides than those of 610. Among the seven fungicides, 98% carbendazim had the strongest effects （ECru values were 1.64 and 0.05μpg/ml）, and 70% pentachloroni- trobenzene had the weakest effects （EC50 values were 1.64 and 0,05 μg/ml） for chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of 610. As for 758, 98% carbendaz- im had the strongest inhibitory effects and 95% metalaxyl had the weakest inhibitory for chlamydospore germination of 756 （EC50 values were 0.62 and 1 108.61 μg/ml respectively）, whereas 96.2% tebuconazole showed the strongest inhibitory effects for mycelia growth of 758 （EC= value was 0.32μg/ml）, and 95% metalaxyl was the weakest （EC= value was 1 206.29 μg/ml）. According to the applied concentration of different fungicides in practice, we concluded that chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 could not be combined with carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiram and carboxin for controlling plant diseases, and the pesticide residues to the biocontrol effects should be kept in mind. Chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 can be and difenoconazole for controlling plant dis- eases, 758 chlamydospore preparations and germinated chlamydospore of 610 can be combined with metalaxyl for controlling plant diseases, and pesticide residue risk was not serious.

Antibiotic Activity of Seven Fungicides against Alternaria panax Whetz

[Objective] This study was conducted to screen suitable fungicides to con-trol ginseng leaf blight caused by Alternaria panax_Whetz. [Method] The antifungal activity of seven fungicides against A. panax_ was determined based on mycelial growth rate in vitro. [Result] The results of in vitro antibiotic activity assay showed that there were significant differences in inhibition rate among different concentration treatments of each of the seven fungicides. Toxicity test results showed that among the seven fungicides, difenoconazole had the smal est EC50 （0.61 mg/L）, fol owed by streptomycin and captan, with EC50 value lower than 100 mg/L. [Conclusion] A fungicide which had strong antifungal activity on A. panax was screened out, and the results wil provide a theoretical basis for further field trial.

Research on Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Efficacy of Povidone Iodine on Aeromonas

[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of povidone iodine as one kind of disinfectants for aquaculture on Aeromonas.[Method] With the standard strain of Aeromonas ATCC7966 and the Aeromonas strains isolated from diseased fish or aquatic environment as the tested strains,the bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of povidone iodine was studied by double broth dilution method.[Result] The povidone iodine could inhibit the growth of Aeromonas strains at lower concentration,and killed Aeromonas strains at higher concentration.The minimum bacteriostatic concentration（MIC） of povidone iodine on Aeromonas sp.T1,Aeromonas sp T2 and Aeromonas sp.T4 was 125.00 mg/L,and the minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC） was 4.00 g/L.Whereas,the minimum bacteriostatic concentration（MIC） of povidone iodine on ATCC7966,Aeromonas sp.T3,Aeromonas sp T5 and Aeromonas sp.T6 was 250.00 mg/L,and the minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC） was 8.00 g/L.[Conclusion] This study provides certain basis for reasonable application of povidone iodine.

Effects of Scutellaria Baicalensis on Activity and Biofilm Formation of Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Objective To explore the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on activity and biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumonia(Kp).Methods The broth and agar dilution methods were carried out to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Scutellaria baicalensis for TW518.VITEK-32 system was used to assay TW518 susceptibility to antibiotics.Kp biofilms were formed in vitro and stained with Bac Light Live/Dead stain.The class integron geneⅠ1 m RNA expression was analyzed with RT-PCR.Results The minimum inhibitory concentration of Scutellaria baicalensis on TW518 identified as a Kp colony was 32 mg/ml,and minimum bactericidal concentration was 64 mg/ml.Scutellaria baicalensis and broad-spectrum penicillin,cephalosporin,quinolones,or beta-lactamase had synergistic bactericidal effects.Biofilm formation activity of Kp treated with Scutellaria baicalensis was significantly lower than that of the control group.And class integron geneⅠ1 m RNA expression of TW518 was significantly inhibited by Scutellaria baicalensis.Conclusions Scutellaria baicalensis has sterilization effect on Kp,and Scutellaria baicalensis could effectively inhibit Kp biofilm formation with prolonged treatment.Scutellaria baicalensis might inhibit Kp biofilm formation through down-regulating integron geneⅠ1 expression.

Effect of Phosphonate Fertilizers on the Growth of Soil Fungi

The phosphonate fertilizers, Calphos （calcium phosphonate）, Magphos （magnesium phosphouate） and Phosphoros （potassium phosphonate） were used in Jordan and showed a nematicidal effect. This study aimed to investigate the fungicidal effect of these fertilizers against the growth of the fungi, Fusarium proliferatum, Altrenaria solani, Pythium debaryanum and Penicillium digitatum. Results showed that the phosphonate fertilizer Calphos at the concentration of 1% mixed with potato dextrose agar （PDA） totally inhibited the growth of all studied fungi. Magphos （1%） delayed the growth of the fungus F. proliferatum and inhibited the growth of other tested fungi. While Phosphoros （1%） mixed with PDA inhibited the growth ofA. solani and P. digitatum even after 12 d of incubation and delayed the growth ofF. proliferatum and P. debaryanum compared with the growth of the fungi on the PDA only.

豚草活性物质的应用研究现状

豚草作为一种新型植物源农药的植物资源,在我国已开始研究和应用。豚草含有多种有机化合物,具有较好的化感、杀虫、抑菌、杀螺等生物活性。该文对豚草中活性物质的应用研究现状进行了较详细的叙述,就其存在问题及未来发展方向进行了分析和探讨。

Antibacterial Effect of Lavender （Lavandula） Flavor （Volatile）

The objective of this study was to test the essential oil-emitted flavor （volatile） of lavender by bacteria killing potency using Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA）, enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157：H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Antibacterial activity was assessed by creating of the bacterial growth curve in the liquid medium cultivation and the growth inhibition on the agar plate cultivation. Citronellal, one of compounds in Rosa rugose oil, was used as a positive control for comparison in activity. The results showed that lavender and citronellal flavor （volatile） or oil respectively demonstrated bacteria killing effect in both analytical manners. However, P. aeruginosa resisted bacteria killing potency of lavender （citronellal） oil or oil-emitted flavor. It could be concluded that both lavender oil-emitted flavor and oil showed bacteria killing potency. Lavender oil （or oil-emitted flavor） will be expected to apply for the patient waiting room to disinfect in air along with the mental relaxation of the patient.

纳米银对厨房污染致病菌抗菌效果的试验观察

目的观察纳米银对厨房污染的致病菌杀灭效果,为做好餐饮具消毒提供参考。方法采用抑菌环实验方法,对纳米银抑制厨房常见污染细菌抑(杀)菌效果进行观察。结果纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门菌的MIC值依次为抑菌浓度为0. 04 mg/L、0. 03 mg/L和0. 03 mg/L,MBC值依次为0. 05 mg/L、0. 05 mg/L和0. 06 mg/L。结论纳米银对厨房常见污染的细菌具有较好的抑(杀)菌效果。