侗族地区引种杂交稻引发森林生态蜕变的文化思考——以贵州省黎平县黄岗村为例

黄岗侗族居民世代执行糯稻种植为主、林粮兼作的传统生计。由于该地地理位置偏僻,这种传统生计得以较为完整地保存至今。近年来,在经历"糯改籼"、"籼改杂"政策时,因引种了部分杂交稻,不仅导致当地侗族传统农事操作节奏被打乱,周围的森林生态也遭到了严重的破坏。为此,本文立足于文化的整体观,通过剖析黄岗推广杂交稻所引发的生态后果,以提醒各级政府在制定、执行政策时,必须考虑各民族文化和生态背景的差异性,才能防范、化解政策和生态风险。

浅析引种杂交和种草养羊

养羊业过去是我县畜牧业中的薄弱环节，曾列入农村的家庭副业，本地品种以川南（自贡）黑山羊为主，由于管理粗放，采用放牧和系养方式，饲养数量少，生长速度很慢，养羊效益极差。随着社会发展和肉食结构的变化，养羊生产得到了长足发展。本文通过引种杂交和种植优质牧草两方面发展养羊业的浅要分析，提出了引种杂交和种草养羊在发展养羊业方面的重要性。

合浦鹅在南宁杂交四川白鹅效果初报

南宁市种畜场 ,从 1 998年 1月起陆续引入灰羽合浦鹅作父本和四川白鹅为母本共 50 0 0多羽 ,进行选育配套杂交试验 ,以生产杂种一代鹅作肉用。经过两个产蛋年的观察 ,种鹅基本适应南宁的气候环境 ,母鹅产蛋量第一产蛋年67 2 8枚 ,第二产蛋年 70 35枚 ,达到该品种原产地 60～ 80枚水平 ,种蛋受精率平均 84 86%,受精蛋出雏率平均 90 0 9%。一代杂种鹅 ,99 75%为灰羽 ,生长速度的杂种优势率为 3 1 4 %。对四川白鹅的杂交改进率 :生长速度为 1 9%、全净膛重 2 5 7%、胸肌重为 1 1 3 2 %、腿肌重为 82 %。1 0周龄体重为 4 1千克、平均育成率 93%、耗精料增重比达 1 93:1。本试验结果说明 ,在南宁利用体大灰羽合浦鹅作父本 ,以产蛋较多的四川白鹅作母本 。

Screening of SSR Core Primers for Purity Identification of Pepper(Capsicum) Hybrids

[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Result] According to the polymorphism and heterozygosity, Hpms1-214, Es395 and Hpmsl-5 were determined as three preferred core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. By using these three preferred core primers, 97 pepper hybrids （accounting for 97%） had heterozygous band pattern with at least one primer. Es330, Es363, Epms923, Es120 and Es64 were determined as candidate core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. Specific primers of 14 varieties were obtained, which could be used to further screen parent-complementary primers of each pepper hybrid. [Con- clusion] This study laid the foundation for constructing standard DNA fingerprints for purity identification of pepper hybrids.

Analysis on the Different Results of Seed Purity Identification for the Same Hybrid Rice Variety Using Different SSR Primers

Different results of seed purity identification for Gangyou 158, Ⅱ You 808, Wuyou 308 and Tianfengyou 316 were obtained using different SSR primers in our early work. To find out the reasons, the four hybrid combinations were grown in field to identify their purity according to their phenotypic traits. Then, the results of field identification were compared with that of laboratory tests using different SSR primers. The comparison revealed that only sterile lines （female parent） were distin- guished from true hybrids using the primers RM208, RM264, RM242 and RM164 for the purity identification of Gangyou 158, II You 808, Wuyou 308 and Tianfengyou 316, so the results were higher than that of field identification. In contrast, the primers RM341, RM297, RM21 and RM110 were able to distinguish not only the sterile plants but also the cross-pollinated ones from the true hybrids of Gangyou 158,Ⅱ You 808, Wuyou 308 and Tianfengyou 316, and the results of purity identifi- cation using them were close that of field identification, in summary, several pairs of primers should be used for the purity identification of rice hybrids to distinguish all the off-type plants and thus improve the accuracy.

呼和浩特市肉羊产业的研究与开发

本文在充分考虑呼市地区的草场资源、饲料资源、畜种资源及饲养方式的基础上，研究与肉羊产业开发有关的基本要素，并进行分析，从中选出适宜的肉羊育肥方法。提高肉羊育肥的经济效益，在开发的基础上进行大面积推广应用。