杂交米酿造甜型黄酒的研究

对甜型黄酒新原料杂交米的研究,是一项值得探讨的新课题。它包括对杂交米品质特性的研究,酿酒工艺参数的确立,新工艺流程的制定等。为突破甜型黄酒的原料禁区,本文作了有益的探索,并取得初步的结果。

杂交米酿造甜型黄酒的研究

对甜型黄酒新原料杂交米的研究,是一项值得探讨的新课题。它包括对杂交米品质特性的研究,酿酒工艺参数的确立,新工艺流程的制定等。为实破甜型黄酒的原料禁区,本文作了有益的探索,并取得初步的结果。

Physical Mapping of the Sequences Homologous to Disease Resistance Genes myb1 and NDR1 in Maize

Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, the authors investigated the homology between three plant species, maize (Zea mays L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), maize and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. at cytogenetic level using two probes corresponding to functional disease resistance genes myb1 and NDR1 in Arabidopsis and tobacco respectively. The hybridization signals of the tested probes were detected in maize chromosomes 8 and 5 respectively, and the single location of each of the two probes showed only single copy of them in maize genome. The results provided a valuable insight into searching for genes associated with programmed cell death in plants using heterologous probe with comparative genetic approach. In addition, the improvements of FISH technique using heterologous probes were discussed.

Research and Breeding Application Progress of the Technique of Producing Double Haploid of Wheat by Wide Hybridization between Wheat and Maize

The technique of producing doublehaploid of wheat by distant hybridization between wheat and maize has characterized with better inducing effect, shorter in- ducing period, easy operation, and so on. At present, it is the most efficient and has great potential of application in breeding of wheat. This article reviewed princi- ple and production process of the technique, research situation of the three key in- dicators of the technology（embryo rate, seedling rate and success rate of doubling）in recent years, and application of the technology in breeding, genetics, germplasm improvement of wheat. At last, both the achievements and the direction of further improvement and development of the technology in our program were discussed.

Improvement of hybridization signals of gold label silver stain gene detection

The factors that influence the colorimetric gene detection of gold label silver stain and improve the detection signals were studied. The influence of amino DNA probes and thiol DNA modified gold nanoparticles was investigated based on a sandwich hybridization system. An increase in amino probe concentration brought about an increase in hybridization signal which reached a threshold corresponding to the saturated concentration of amino probes bounded onto a glass slide surface. Since the steric hindrance effect of nanoparticles was dominant over the influence of a surface area, the bigger gold nanoparticles led to weaker hybridization signals. The hybridization efficiency enhanced significantly with the increase of the thiol DNA modified nanoparticle concentrations. Experimental results showed that 125 μmol/L of the amino DNA probe concentration, 15 nm of the gold nanoparticle diameter, and 4.07 nmol/L of the thiol DNA modified gold nanoparticle concentration were optimal for the detection system. The hybridization signals can be improved remarkably by choosing optimal hybridization conditions.

Effect of Fertilizing Level and Planting Densities on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization in Maize

Elite maize hybrid Guidan0810 was selected as material, and the effects of fertilizing level and planting densities on yield and nitrogen utilization were dis- cussed in the study. In field experiments as per double-cropping system, 4 main plots （fertilization levels） and 6 subplots （planting densities） were set in a split plot design. The results suggested that yield had close relationship with fertilization levels and planting densities. Different fertilization levels and planting densities significantly affected yield. With the increase of nitrogen fertilization, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency declined. Under the same fertilization level, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency grew a little with the increase of planting density, so nitrogen efficiency could be improved by regulating planting density. The results also showed that A2 （including N 225.0 kg/hm2, P205 75.0 kg/hm^2, K20 187.5 kg/hm^2） matching to B3 （52 500 plants/hm^2） or B4（60 000 plants/hm^2） was a better design, which could obtain a higher yield in the range of 7 913.2-8 207.8 kg/hm2, respectively.

Inheritance and Sequence Homology Analysis of the Maize DNA Introgressed into the Wheat Doubled Haploid Plant Through Wheat×Maize Cross

A maize (Zea mays L.) genome_specific repeated DNA sequence (clone MR64) has been transferred into one DH line of wheat through wheat (Triticum persicum Vav. ex Zhuk.) and maize cross. In the present study by RFLP analysis the authors proved that this DNA sequence could stably transmit into DH3 plants, the next generation derived from DH2 self_crossing. A similarity search in all DNA databases using BLASTN program showed that the DNA sequence of MR64 had as high as 93% identity to PREM_2 and 79% to Opie_2 in nucleotides. Both PREM_2 and Opie_2 are known as retrotransposons in maize genome, suggesting that MR64 likely is the partial sequence of a maize retrotransposon. Therefore, the results indicate that some retrotransposon might involve the DNA introgression from maize to wheat genome through wide fertilization. Stable inheritance of this maize genome_specific retrotransposon_like DNA in the wheat genome opens up the possibility of using retrotransposon as a new tool for gene tagging, function analysis, and insertional mutagenesis in wheat genome.

Chromosomal Localization of Genes bz1,bz2 in Maize by Using Ultra-sensitive FISH with Tyramide Signal Amplification(TSA-FISH)

It has been reported that endosperm undergoes programmed cell death (PCD) during maize kernel development.Both bz1 (bronze ) and bz2 are anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,and related to development of aleuronic layer of maize seeds.Tyramide signal amplification fluorescence in situ hybridization (TSA FISH) is a novel and high sensitive FISH technique,which is suitable for routine application in plant cytogenetic research.Using this technique,we physically mapped the bz1 gene onto the short arm of chromosome 9 and the long arm of chromosome 1;the percentage distances from centromere to hybridization site were 40.2,75.4 respectively,and the bz2 onto the long arm of chromosome 1 and the short arm of chromosome 5;the percentage distances from centromere to hybridization site were 21.6,15.3 separately.The TSA FISH techniques of small low copy DNA sequences for plants are discussed.

Exploration and Innovation of Distant Hybridization Germplasm of Oryza sativa and Spartina alterniflora

[Objective] The aim was to explore salt-resistant Spartina alterniflora and high-yield rice with germplasm resource in order to create new salt-resistant rice species with dual-purpose of food and forage. [Method] From 2009 to 2011, re- searches on distant hybridization of Spartina alterniflora and Oryza Sativa have been conducted with method of distant hybridization breeding. On the other hand, break- through and combination techniques （four selected one） were adopted to find the new rice species, including techniques of planting and selection in seashore, cyto- logical detection and selection, phenotype selection of backcross, and molecular marker assisted selection. [Result] Success rate of distant hybridization from 2009 to 2010 was 1.39%. RAPD molecular identification of 7C14 and rice female parent of Zhongxiang No.l, seed 2 was carried on with distant hybridization of male parent of Spartina altemiflora （H）. The results showed that bands same with Spartina alterni- flora parents were found in RH-1-10K205-7C14xH, RH-2-8K157-7C14xH, and RH-13- 9H5-Zhongxaing No.1 xH. Considering absent situation in rice parents, distant hy- bridization strains above were found with same parental genetic element as Spartina alterniflora. Female parent of rice 7K339, however, was under RAPD molecular identification with male parent of Spartina alterniflora. The result showed that bands same with Spartina alterniflora parents were found in RH-5-10K215, RH-6-8K48, RH- 12-9H9, RH-14-9H8 and RH-16-9H28. Considering absent situation in rice parents, distant hybridization strains above were found with same parental genetic element as Spartina altemiflora. Rest hybrid strains were found variance with Spartina alterniflora parents and rice parents in varying degrees. [Conclusion] New and excellent rice species of dual-purpose solves problem not only about salt-resistant species badly needed in coastal development and treatment of saline and alkaline land, but about fine fodder and roughage for herbivore, as well. What＇s more, this is of scientific significance in recourse utilization, efficiency improvement in agriculture, food security, and cultivation strategy.

Application of Multi-factor Comprehensive Appraisal in Maize Breeding

The study was conducted to evaluate 12 traits of 15 hybrid maize culti- vars using multi-factor comprehensive appraisal. The results showed that Xianyu 335, ND8 and ND2 were better than other cultivars in these agronomic traits. Multi- factor comprehensive appraisal with simple computing, comprehensive and reason- able results is suitable to be used for evaluating the performance of hybrid maize cultivars in field.

从“稻香村文化”到“绿色文明”——临海农场“双文明”建设的历程

在黄海之滨的苏北滩涂上,拥有3000余名职工、12.4万亩耕地的国营临海农场,是我省目前唯一的粮食类“绿色食品”生长和收获的地方。这里的“银月牌”状元大米、杂交米、啤酒大麦于1994年底同时荣获国家“绿色食品”证书。

农村理论节目的新尝试——《农民的希望在市场上》浅析

江苏省广播电视厅、省广播电视学会举办的1992年度优秀广播节目评选工作揭晓了,我们沭阳县电台由陈君华采写、我及另两位播音员主持的理论节目《农民的希望在市场上》获得了省一等奖,并荐送全国参评。这档节目是我们对农民进行理论广播的一次新尝试。作为主持人,我体会到这档节目有两个特点。特点之一是融新闻性、知识性和服务性于一体。

高军:“市井生活有元气”

＂我有一个朋友离婚后热爱上了烹饪。老婆走了,没有人给他烧吃的了。起初他在外面买着吃,饭是会煮的。他的前妻在锅里曾经做过一个记号,淘两罐头米,放多少水。东北大米放到哪里做一个长记号,籼米放到哪里做一个短记号,杂交米放到哪里画一个圆圈。水就按她做的记号放,保管错不了。他把米淘上,放水的时候又看到这个记号,眼泪就下来了,捧着锅呆住了,然后就哭倒在地上!他锁上门到街上吃。

粮食丰收时也不可掉以轻心

今年夏粮喜获丰收,各地农民纷纷多交粮支援国家建设,江南海北的喜讯一扫去年农产品供应紧张造成的阴影,俗语不是说“手中有粮,心中不慌”吗?但有和多却是两个概念,在此我们整理了近一段时期,各地有关农产品市场状况的报道,以供有关部门参考。

粮价调整的喜中之忧——来自千户农民的调查

国家调整粮食销售价格以后:小麦、稻谷、玉米三种粮食定购价每百斤平均上提42.4%;面粉、粳米、杂交米三种粮食零售价每百斤平均上提23.7%。从调查情况看、农民对政府这次粮价调整的做法普遍比较满意,对鼓励农民种粮的积极性、加快农村经济发展将起到不可替代的作用。但是,调查中也发现大多数农民对粮价调整喜中参忧。王要表现为"五忧":一忧农用物资"水涨船高"。1000户中约有96%的农民担心粮食调价后,种子、农药、农膜、化肥等会"水涨船高",害怕粮食提的价被农用物资乘机涨的价所抵消,上调部分成为"空头支票"二忧农副产品"搭车涨价"。

Comparative Study on Density Tolerance of Main Varieties in Southwest Maize Zone

This paper conducted a split-plot trial to study the yield,main agronomic characters and density tolerance of 11 maize varieties in southwest maize zone using the density and variety as experimental factors.The results indicated that ① the differences among density,variety and the intersection of density and variety were extremely significant;② Average yield of the tested varieties under high planting density（64 500 plant/hm^2） was significantly higher than that under low-density（49 500plant/hm^2）,and increased 10.37%;③ Four types were selected by the performance of all varieties under high planting density,such as high yield increase with high density,high yield but not increase with high density,low yield increase with high density,low yield but not increase with high density.

The Optimal Time for Harvesting the Seeds of Gui 39722, the Female Parent of a Maize Hybrid Guidan 0810

To determine the optimal time for harvesting the seeds of Gui 39722, which is the female parent of a newly-developed maize hybrid Guidan 0810, the cobs of Gui 39722 were harvested 31 （the first stage）, 34 （the second stage）, 37 （the third stage）, 40 （the fourth stage）, 43 （the fifth stage） and 46 （the sixth stage） d after pollination and oven dried at 38 ~C to constant weight. Then, the 1 000-ker- nel weight, germination rate and the agronomic traits of three-leaf seedlings were measured and compared. The results showed that the seeds of Gui 39722 harvest- ed 43 d after pollination （the fifth stage） had the greatest germination rate, seedling height, vigor index, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and germination potential, and high 1 000-kernel weight （very close to the highest level）, root length, number of roots per seedling and root-shoot ratio. Therefore, 43 d after pollination was the op- timal time for harvesting the seeds of Gui 39722, when the effective accumulated temperature after pollination reached 780.7 ℃ and the ear leaf dried. The seeds harvested at this stage had the highest yield and the best quality. Field sampling revealed that 89.00% to 95.00% （with an average of 91.15%） of the seedlings of six stages of seeds grew well.

Maize-rice cropping systems in Bangladesh： Status and research needs

Maize-rice cropping systems are expanding in Bangladesh. Hybrid maize has increasing demand and value, particularly for poultry feed, while rice remains the traditional dominant starch staple food. Bangladesh maize yields （with average farm yields around 5.7 t·ha^-1） are among the highest found in Asia. Cool winter （Rabi） season maize followed by T. Aman （monsoon） rice is the major cropping system; however it is now becoming diversified with many other crops including potato. Financially, hybrid maize is far more profitable than boro （irrigated） rice, wheat, or most other competing winter season Rabi crops. Although maize is relatively problem-free in Bangladesh, some constraints are intensifying with increased concern over input supply and soil-related environmental sustainability. An array of new technologies for sustainable intensive maize production systems is emerging in Bangladesh and some are being promoted and adopted. Continued sustainability of hybrid maize production in Bangladesh depends on optimization of planting time, quality seed of appropriate hybrids, balanced use of nutrient inputs along with soil fertility conservation and other management, for which further research would be high priority.

Molecular Dynamics Study of Effects of Si-Doping Upon Structure and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube

In this paper, a Si-doped single-walled carbon nanotube （SWCNT） （7,7） and several perfect armchair SWCNTs are investigated using the classical molecular dynamics simulations method. The inter-atomic short-range interaction is represented by empirical Tersoff bond order potential. The computational results show that the axial Young＇s modulus of the perfect SWCNTs are in the range of 1.099 ± 0.005 TPa, which is in good agreement with the existing experimental results. From our simulation, the Si-doping decreases the Young＇s modulus of SWCNT, and with the increased strain levels, the effect of Si-doped layer in enhancing the local stress level increases. The Young＇s modulus of armchair SWCNTs are weakly affected by tube radius.