PVA电纺纤维后杂化反应膜的形态和保水性能

用电纺方法制备了直径为200nm左右的PVA纳米纤维毡,采用溶胶-凝胶法将其与原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)溶胶杂化,通过控制反应时间制得不同的杂化薄膜。FTIR表明PVA的羟基与TEOS水解物发生了缩合反应。FESEM观察发现电纺纤维杂化后直径变粗,且随着反应时间的延长杂化纤维间的空隙逐渐被SiO2填充。力学性能测试发现,少量SiO2的填充有利于提高薄膜的强度。保水性能测试表明杂化反应时间越长所得薄膜的保水性能越高。

有机/无机杂化反应性半互穿网络结构乳液的制备方法

CN101 033 360[中国发明专利申请公开]／中国：湖南工业大学（张继德等）．-2007．09．12．-200610136869．4（2006．12．

不饱和烃杂钯化反应在有机合成中的应用

不饱和烃杂钯化反应是合成高活性反应中间体烷基钯(II)和烯丙基钯(II)重要的途径.这些钯的络合物,在合适的条件下能被各种亲核试剂例如烯丙基卤、一氧化碳、不饱和烃、有机硼、有机锡等捕获.经过一系列插入及消除反应,能够有效地构建多种生理活性药物、有机功能分子以及重要合成骨架.近年来,引起了有机合成工作者的兴趣.在这里,对杂钯化最新进展进行综述.

ss-DNA在纳米金上固载和杂化的电化学传感研究

将 2 -氨乙基硫醇 (AET)固载到玻碳电极 (GCE)表面 ,进而化学吸附纳米金 (NG) ,并在纳米金上固载ss-DNA得到 ss-DNA/NG/AET/GCE,以 Co(bpy) 3+ 3为电化学指示剂可以识别研究 ss-DNA的杂化反应 .结果表明 ,纳米金能使固载其上的 ss-DNA发生部分变性而结合 Co(bpy) 3+ 3,但用 p H7.0的磷酸缓冲液浸泡可基本上避免这种变性 ,并明显提高杂化反应的识别能力 .结合在 ds-DNA/NG/AET/GCE上的 Co(bpy) 3+ 3的峰电流与扫速的线性关系可保持到 80 m V/s.与电沉积法固载纳米金相比较 ,本电极更稳定和可靠 .

纳米氧化铝（Al2O3）/聚酰亚胺（PI）杂化薄膜的制备及性能研究

笔者以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为单体,以N,N’-二甲基二苯醚(DMAc)为溶剂,制备聚酰胺酸溶液。在此过程中,采用原位聚合法在酰胺酸溶液中加入氧化铝(Al2O3),通过热亚胺化处理制备得到氧化铝/聚酰亚胺(Al2O3/PI)杂化薄膜。用傅立叶变换衰减透射射红外光谱(ATR/FTIR)、静态热机械分析(TMA)、力学性能测试等手段对PI/Al2O3杂化薄膜结构和性能进行表征。红外分析表明,杂化薄膜热亚胺化完全,杂化反应充分进行,并且Al2O3和PI基体之间形成键接;TMA分析表明,PI/Al2O3杂化薄膜的热膨胀系数随氧化铝含量的增加而减小;常温拉伸性能测试表明,随着Al2O3量的增加,PI杂化薄膜弹性模量逐渐增大,而拉伸强度和断裂伸长率呈下降趋势;玻璃化转变温度测试表明,杂化Al2O3之后的玻璃化温度不是很明显;热重分析表明,引入一定量的Al2O3,薄膜的热分解温度降低。而含有10%氧化铝的杂化薄膜各项性能都表现出相对优良的性能。

一种防腐耐刮纳米二氧化钛／有机聚合物杂化涂层的制备

将纳米二氧化钛与硅聚物杂化制备一种涂膜，采用WGFS透光率、雾度测定仪测量涂层的透过率和雾度，用Tatw5151耐磨仪测试涂层-耐磨性（荷4500g，100诉ain），用中华铅笔测试涂层铅笔硬度，用3M600胶带测试涂层附着力，结果表明，该涂膜具有较好的防腐。

立方氮化铝纳米晶的溶剂热合成及其对二甲苯催化性质的研究

低温 (2 80℃ )条件下 ,通过二甲苯中AlCl3 和NaN3 的反应制备出了AlN纳米微粒。 70 0℃退火 4 8h后 ,得到了纯的立方相AlN纳米晶。通过XRD、FTIR和定域电子衍射分析 ,验证了立方相AlN纳米晶的生成。经XRD和TEM分析 ,纳米晶的平均粒度约为 3nm。色质联 (GC MS)检测结果显示 ,由于AlN纳米颗粒对二甲苯的催化作用 ,使二甲苯发生聚合和杂化环反应 ,得到了二联苯、萘、蒽、三甲基咔唑及咔唑胺等多环芳烃。作为对比实验 ,分别研究了NaN3 和AlCl3 对二甲苯的催化性能 。

聚乙烯醇接枝马来酸酐/硅酸钠复合材料制备及性能研究

以马来酸酐(MAH)对聚乙烯醇(PVA)接枝,然后在硫酸的催化作用下与硅酸钠反应,制备有机-无机复合材料。利用FTIR、DSC、TGA对所制备的材料进行表征,研究了MAH接枝PVA(PVA-MAH)的接枝率、硅酸钠含量以及成型条件对复合材料性能的影响。研究结果表明,马来酸酐接枝PVA与Si O2之间能够形成有机无机杂化结构,当PVA-MAH接枝率和硅酸钠含量适当时,复合材料具有较好的耐水性及热稳定性。

Effect of sulfur impurity on coke reactivity and its mechanism

Effect of sulfur impurity on coke reactivity was investigated by simulating petroleum coke with low-impurity pitch coke and impurities doping. And its mechanism was discussed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that sulfur has strong catalysis on both air and CO2 reactivity of coke in the case of no other impurity interference. Its catalysis is probably realized by triggering organic sulfur→H2S→SO2→COS and elemental sulfur (Sx)→SO2 and organic sulfur→H2S→COS→Sx→C2S→COS reaction systems during coke?O2 and coke?CO2 reactions, respectively, which are partly circular with functions of increasing carbon consumption and enlarging coke specific surface area.

Nano-porous Composites Based on Liquid： Synthesis, Characterization, Esterification Heteropolyacid Functionalized Ionic and Catalytic Performance in

Fhnctionalized ionic liquid samples （bmim-PW12） were synthesized by 1-butyl-3-methyl- imidazolium bromide （bmimBr） and 12-phosphotungstic heteropolyacid （PW12）. The samples were annealed at 100-450 ℃ and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermal gravity-DTG, brunauer emmett teller, and NHa-temperature programmed desorption. The results showed that the bmim-PW12 samples were crystal and maintained intact Keggin structure. The organic parts of those samples were partly decomposed at a temperature more than 350 ℃. The sample annealed at 400 ℃ exhibited nano-porous structure, strong acidity, and excellent catalytic activity on the esterification of n-butanol with acetic acid. The higher ester yield was obtained when the mass ratio of catalyst over the reactants amount was 5% for bmim-PW12 catalyst annealed at 400 ℃.

In situ synthesis of Fe-N-C catalysts from cellulose for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline

Owing to Fe being the most abundant and least expensive transition metal on the earth,the utilization of Fe-based catalysts for catalytic hydrogenation has attracted worldwide attention.In this work,a series of N-doped C supported Fe catalysts(Fe-N-C)were prepared by co-pyrolysis of cellulose and ferric chloride under ammonia atmosphere.Characterization methods such as elemental analysis,atomic absorption spectroscopy,nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms,transmission electron microscopy,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were carried out to explore the physicochemical properties of the catalysts.Using hydrogenation of nitrobenzene as a model reaction,the catalysts prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures displayed different activities.Fe-N-C-700 exhibited the best activity among these catalysts,with the yield of aniline being up to 98.0%under 5 MPa H2 at 120℃ after 12 h.Combined with the results of catalyst characterization and comparative tests,the transformation of Fe species and the generation of N-doped C,especially graphitized N-doped C,in the catalyst may be the main factors affecting the activity.A kinetic study was carried out and the apparent activation energy was obtained as 31.53 kJ/mol.The stability of the catalyst was also tested and no significant decrease in the activity was observed after 5 runs.

Bi quantum dots implanted 2D C-doped BiOCl nanosheets: Enhanced visible light photocatalysis efficiency and reaction pathway

The simultaneous integration of heteroatom doping and surface plasmon resonance(SPR) modulation on semiconductor photocatalysts could be capable of improving visible light utilization and charge separation, achieving better solar light conversion and photocatalysis efficiency. For this purpose, we have designed a novel Bi quantum dots(QDs) implanted C-doped BiOCl photocatalyst(C/BOC/B) for NOx removal. The feasibility was firstly evaluated through density functional theory(DFT) calculations methods, which indicates that the enhanced photocatalytic performance could be expected owing to the synergistic effects of doped C heteroatoms and loaded Bi QDs. Then, the C/BOC/B was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and exhibited efficient and stable visible light photocatalytic NO removal. The results found that the doped C atoms can serve as electron guides to induce oriented charge transfer from Bi QDs to BiOCl, while the Bi QDs can act as light-capture and electron-donating sites. The reaction pathway and mechanism for NO conversion was unveiled by in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy combined with DFT calculation. The enhanced adsorption of reactants and intermediates could promote the overall reaction efficiency and selectivity in photocatalytic NO conversion. This work could provide a new perspective on the mechanistic understanding of the synergistic effects toward non-metal doping and SPR effects in semiconductor photocatalysts, and this presented technique could be extended for other semiconductor materials.

Controlling atomic phosphorous-mounting surfaces of ultrafine W_(2)C nanoislands monodispersed on the carbon frameworks for enhanced hydrogen evolution

Controllably mounting foreign atoms on the surfaces of earth-abundant electrocatalysts strongly improve their surface electronic properties for optimizing the catalytic performance of surficial sites to an unusual level,and provides a good platform to gain deep insights into catalytic reactions.The present work describes,employing ultrafine W2C nanoislands(average size:2.3 nm)monodispersed on the N,P dual-doped carbon frameworks as a model system,how to regulate the atomic phosphorous-mounting effect on the surfaces of W_(2)C to derive an active and stable P-mounting W_(2)C(WCP)catalyst for both acidic and alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Since in situ phosphorus substitution into carbon sites of preformed W_(2)C nanoislands gradually proceeds from surfaces to solids,so that using a proper amount of phosphorus sources can readily control the surface mounting level to avoid the mass P-doping into the bulk.By this way,the activity per active site of WCP catalyst with robust stability can be optimized to 0.07 and 0.56 H_(2 )s^(-1) at-200 mV overpotential in acid and base,respectively,which reach up to the several-fold of pure-phase W_(2)C(0.01 and 0.05 H_(2) s^(-1)).Theoretical investigations suggest that compared with solid P doping,the P mounting on W_(2)C surface can more remarkably enhance its metallicity and decrease the hydrogen release barrier.This finding disclosed a key correlation between surface foreign atom-mounting and catalytic activity,and suggested a logical extension to other earth-abundant catalysts for various catalytic reactions.

P-doped mesoporous carbons for high-efficiency electrocatalytic oxygen reduction

Chemically modified carbonaceous materials have attained utmost attention in the fields of renewable energy storage and conversion,due to the controllable physicochemical properties,tailorable micro-/nanostructures,and respectable stability.Herein,P-doped mesoporous carbons were synthesized by using F127 as the soft template,organophosphonic acid as the P source and phenolic resin as the carbon source.Small amounts of iron species were introduced to act as a graphitization catalyst.The synthesized carbons exhibit the well-defined wormhole-like pore structure featuring high specific surface area and homogenously doped P heteroatoms.Notably,introducing iron species during the synthesis process can optimize the textural properties and the degree of graphitization of carbon materials.The doping amount of P has an important effect on the porous structure and the defect degree,which correspondingly influence the active sites and the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity.The resultant material presents superior catalytic activity for the ORR,together with remarkably enhanced durability and methanol tolerance in comparison with the commercial Platinum catalyst,demonstrating the possibility for its use in electrode materials and electronic nanodevices for metal-air batteries and fuel cells.

Simple synthesis of nitrogen‐doped carbon spheres as a highly efficient metal‐free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

In the present work, nitrogen‐doped carbon spheres were synthesized through a simple hydro‐thermal treatment using glucose and melamine as inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources, re‐spectively. The ratio of melamine to glucose and annealing temperature were optimized. The final optimal sample exhibited a catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） that was supe‐rior than that of commercial 20%Pt/C in 0.1 mol/L KOH. It revealed an onset potential of –22.6 mV and a half‐wave potential of –133.6 mV （vs. Ag/AgCl）, which are 7.2 and 5.9 mV more positive than those of the 20%Pt/C catalyst, respectively, as well as a limiting current density of 4.6 mA/cm^2, which is 0.2 mA/cm^2 higher than that of the 20%Pt/C catalyst. The catalyst also exhibited higher stability and superior durability against methanol than 20%Pt/C. Moreover, ORRs on this catalyst proceed through a more effective 4 e^– path. The above mentioned superiority of the as‐prepared catalyst makes it promising for fuel cells.

Science Letters:Nitrogen doping of activated carbon loading Fe_2O_3 and activity in carbon-nitric oxide reaction

Nitrogen doping of activated carbon loading Fe2O3 was performed by annealing in ammonia, and the activity of the modified carbon for NO reduction was studied in the presence of oxygen. Results show that Fe2O3 enhances the amount of surface oxygen complexes and facilitates nitrogen incorporation in the carbon, especially in the form of pyridinic nitrogen. The modified carbon shows excellent activity for NO reduction in the low temperature regime （〈500℃） because of the cooperative effect of Fe2O3 and the surface nitrogen species.

Fe/N-doped mesoporous carbons derived from soybeans: A highly efficient and low-cost non-precious metal catalyst for ORR

Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)plays a crucial role in many energy storage and conversion devices.Currently,the development of inexpensive and high-performance carbon-based non-precious-metal ORR catalysts in alkaline media still gains a wide attention.In this paper,the mesoporous Fe-N/C catalysts were synthesized through SiO2-mediated templating method using biomass soybeans as the nitrogen and carbon sources.The SiO2 templates create a simultaneous optimization of both the surface functionalities and porous structures of Fe-N/C catalysts.Detailed investigations indicate that the Fe-N/C3 catalyst prepared with the mass ratio of SiO2 to soybean being 3:4 exhibits brilliant electrocatalytic performance,excellent long-term stability and methanol tolerance for the ORR,with the onset potential and the half-wave potential of the ORR being about 0.890 V and 0.783 V(vs RHE),respectively.Meanwhile,the desired 4-electron transfer pathway of the ORR on the catalysts can be observed.It is significantly proposed that the high BET specific surface area and the appropriate pore-size,as well as the high pyridinic-N and total nitrogen loadings may play key roles in enhancing the ORR performance for the Fe-N/C3 catalyst.These results suggest a feasible route based on the economical and sustainable soybean biomass to develop inexpensive and highly efficient non-precious metal electrochemical catalysts for the ORR.

H4SiW6Mo6O40-Doped Polyaniline-Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of acetals and ketals

A new environmental friendly catalyst, HaSiWrMo6O40/PAn was prepared and identified by means of FT-IR, XRD and TG/DTA. The optimum conditions have been found, that was, mass ratio of m（PAn）： m（HaSiW6Mo6On.） was 1：1.25, volume of methanol was 20 mL, and the reflux reaction time was 2h. The structural identity of Keggin units was preserved after the incorporation into polyaniline matrix. H4SiW6Mo6040/PAn was used as catalyst in catalytic synthesis of acetals and ketals. Effects of n（aldehyde（ketone ））： n（glycol）, catalyst dosage and reaction time on yield were investingated. Optimal conditions were： n（aldehyde（ketone））： n（glycol）=1.0： 1.5; mass fraction of catalyst to reactants, 0.5%; reaction time, 1.0 h and cyclohexane as water-stripped reagent, 15 mL. Under these conditions, yields of actels and ketals were 31.9%-91.6%.

High activity and durability of carbon-supported core-shell PtPx@Pt/C catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Alloying Pt with transition metals can significantly improve the catalytic properties for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).However,the application of Pt-transition metal alloys in fuel cells is largely limited by poor long-term durability because transition metals can easily leach.In this study,we developed a nonmetallic doping approach and prepared a P-doped Pt catalyst with excellent durability for the ORR.Carbon-supported core-shell nanoparticles with a P-doped Pt core and Pt shell(denoted as PtPx@Pt/C)were synthesized via heat-treatment phosphorization of commercial Pt/C,followed by acid etching.Compositional analysis using electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly demonstrated that Pt was enriched in the near-surface region(approximately 1 nm)of the carbon-supported core-shell nanoparticles.Owning to P doping,the ORR specific activity and mass activity of the PtP_(1.4)@Pt/C catalyst were as high as 0.62 mA cm^(–2)and 0.31 mAμgPt–^(1),respectively,at 0.90 V,and they were enhanced by 2.8 and 2.1 times,respectively,in comparison with the Pt/C catalyst.More importantly,PtP_(1.4)@Pt/C exhibited superior stability with negligible mass activity loss(6%after 30000 potential cycles and 25%after 90000 potential cycles),while Pt/C lost 46%mass activity after 30000 potential cycles.The high ORR activity and durability were mainly attributed to the core-shell nanostructure,the electronic structure effect,and the resistance of Pt nanoparticles against aggregation,which originated from the enhanced ability of the PtP_(1.4)@Pt to anchor to the carbon support.This study provides a new approach for constructing nonmetal-doped Pt-based catalysts with excellent activity and durability for the ORR.

In situ synthesis of a nickel boron oxide/graphdiyne hybrid for enhanced photo/electrocatalytic H_(2) evolution

Developing highly active catalysts for photo/electrocatalytic water splitting is an attractive strategy to produce H2 as a renewable energy source.In this study,a new nickel boron oxide/graphdiyne(NiBi/GDY)hybrid catalyst was prepared by a facile synthetic approach.Benefitting from the strong electron donating ability of graphdiyne,NiBi/GDY showed an optimized electronic structure containing lower valence nickel atoms and demonstrated improved catalytic performance.As expected,NiBi/GDY displayed a high photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 4.54 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),2.9 and 4.5 times higher than those of NiBi/graphene and NiBi,respectively.NiBi/GDY also displayed outstanding electrocatalytic H2 evolution activity in 1.0 M KOH solution,with a current density of 400 mA/cm^(2)at an overpotential of 478.0 mV,which is lower than that of commercial Pt/C(505.3 mV@400 mA/cm^(2)).This work demonstrates that GDY is an ideal support for the development of highly active catalysts for photo/electrocatalytic H2 evolution.