鲁迅小说中议论话语修辞的杂文性

在鲁迅的小说中运用了众多议论性话语,这些议论性话语无论其语用修辞,还是话语修辞,以及所采用的具体的修辞手法,都与小说思想表达的目的密切相关,有其艺术的合理性与审美性。同时,这些议论性话语及修辞具有较高的创造性,它们与鲁迅在杂文中使用的语用修辞、话语修辞及修辞手段可以说是异曲同工,甚至完全可以说,鲁迅就是根据杂文的语体特点来书写这些议论性话语并运用修辞手段的。

小小说的杂文性

如果把杂文比作思想评论中的一支轻骑兵的话,那么小小说就是小说世界中的一支轻骑兵。杂文具有:敏锐及时、形象传神、针砭时弊、短小灵活等特点。小小说也具备上述这样一些特点。

《摩罗诗力说》译述概论及举隅——兼及对鲁迅早期文本中杂文性、国民性的原点管窥

鲁迅在译述《摩罗诗力说》的过程中,对所译述的诗人,在材源处理上都是按照较为严格的中国传统史传方法来行文布局,最具史传特征的就是“互见法”,有“本传”也有“他传”。此外,具体的改译过程中,分别在词语的形容程度、感情色彩及文化色彩等方面着手,还涉及到同构性改译,并体现出杂文性特征。最后,从鲁迅的改译中,可以看到鲁迅早期对国民性、个人与众数等问题的发生和思考的原点。

论杂文的情感因素

杂文的情感性是杂文的文艺性的基本要素之一 ,是使杂文最终区别于一般评论或一般论文的主要依据。在杂文的文艺性的诸要要素中 ,只有情感 ,才是和思想始终结合着的。和杂文中的形象一样 ,杂文中的情感也不同纯文学作品中的情感 ,其位置。

Logistics Cost Management Models and Their Usability for Purchasing

In many compames, cost management models are abandoned due to their complexity and because of this, the academic literature has experienced a downturn in publications regarding cost management. This paper deepens the understanding regarding the practical usability of cost management models for purchasing decisions, and provides a framework for determining a desired complexity of cost management in different purchasing environments. The complexity is defined along three dimensions identified in literature and the different purchasing environments stem from an adaptation of Kraljic＇s （1983） matrix.

The Use of Sectarian Ties Inside Syrian Modern Political System

This article explores the concept of sects as social formations and the process of secularization sects has been undergone in the modern era, implying their exposition to political manipulation by various internal and external actors. We analyse this subject in the context of the modern Syrian State and, in particular, with reference to the political system established by President Hafez al-Asad in the 70’s. The use of sectarian ties appears as part of the regime patrimonial features, being a political strategy used in order to bind particular society’s groups to the regime. In this sense, sectarianism has nothing to do with religion and it requires to be analysed as a socio-political phenomenon. This kind of analysis permits also to confute the identification between the Asad regime and the Alawite community and to understand the complexity of the relation between the President and the community he originated from.

Translation as a Cross-cultural Phenomenon ＂The Country of Miracles＂ in Translation

The article constitutes an attempt to depict the complexity of translation as a cross-cultural phenomenon. It discusses the author＇s own translation of ＂Kraj cud6w＂--one of Jerzy Pilch＇s feature articles from the collection Pociqg do ~,ycia wiecznego （The Train to Eternal Life） and aims at answering the following question： which translation procedures that deal with culturemes are the most frequently applied and prevalent in the presented sample of the translation？ In the contrastive analysis Peter Newmark＇s translation procedures have been used. Moreover, the aim of the article is to describe translation as a cross-cultural phenomenon and discuss a person of a translator as an intercultural link.

Measuring the Complexity of Business Organization and Business Software Using Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）

The paper shows a proposition of metrics for measuring the complexity of the business organization and business software. The metrics is based on a subjective estimation of complexity of the elements from a part of the structure of business organization or business software in relation to other elements from the observed part. Estimation is performed based on the measuring scale for comparison of complexity of elements, and reaching a final conclusion on the complexity of elements in relation to other elements, through the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）. Defined in this manner, the metrics represents a unique metrics for measuring the complexity of elements of business organization and business software, which enables their comparison. The paper also presents a short overview of existing metrics for measuring the complexity of business organization and business software.

＂My Name Is Sorrow＂： The Literary-Fantastic Manifestations of Grief and Grieving in Toni Morrison＇s Fiction

It may be argued that one of the recurring themes in the fiction of Toni Morrison is the problem of emotional suffering. Indeed, a line of her characters endure a series of traumatic past experiences, the consequences of which are strongly echoed in their present lives and often foreshadow their future. Thus, this article discusses some of the characteristic literary-fantastic manifestations of grief and grieving in Morrison＇s novels, seen as internal and external expressions of the protagonists＇ mental pain. First, the text outlines the major grief-generating conditions for Morrison＇s heroes in general, and then it focuses on the various modes in which their feelings of grief and grieving are communicated. Second, the study exposes the characters＇ psychological strife and the influence it exerts both on themselves and their surroundings. Third and last, the paper concludes with an attempt to establish some typical patterns of grief and grieving common to Morrison＇s fictional figures. In order to reflect a variety of grief-stricken individuals populating Morrison＇s world, the analysis examines a group of three female characters. Taken all together, the selected examples serve to exhibit the complexity of the problem in question, as well as to illustrate the different shades of human sorrow.

Assessment of parental contribution and effective population size from a 3×3 diallel cross of clam Meretrix meretrix

Unbalanced parental contribution and small effective population size （Ne） are common issues during the artificial breeding of marine bivalves. The impact of hatchery-spawning practices on parental contribution, effective population size, the Ne/Nratio, and genetic diversity are largely unknown. To address this, we conducted a parentage analysis on a complete 3×3 diallel cross of clam Meretrix meretrix using eight microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity of the parents was higher than that of their respective offspring in most crosses （8/9）. Sires or dams from the same family contributed unequally to the pool of offspring from a particular cross, and the same parent clam exhibited large variation in parental contribution among different crosses. The variance in male contribution was higher than that of the female contribution in most crosses, suggesting that male contribution was more skewed than for females. The No/N ratio for nine crosses ranged from 0.58 to 0.86. There was no linear relationship between the sex ratio and the Ne/Nratio （P〉0.05）. Moreover, a sex ratio closer to one-to-one does not necessarily mean a larger effective population size. A solution to small effective population size in commercial breeding programs is increasing broodstoek numbers and attempting to maintain a balanced sex ratio.

Suppression subtractive hybridization for identifying differentially expressed genes in renal cell carcinoma

Objective To construct a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cDNA subtractive library using suppression subtractive hybridization.Methods Polyadenylated RNA ［Poly (A)+ RNA］ was isolated from tissues of RCC and normal kidney, and single-strand cDNAs and double-strand cDNAs were synthesized in turn. RCC cDNAs were divided into two groups and ligated to the specific adaptors l and 2, and then hybridized with normal kidney cDNA twice with two rounds of suppression PCR. Second round PCR products were cloned to T/A plasmid vectors to set up the subtractive library. One hundred clones were randomly picked to perform enzyme digest analysis, and some underwent sequence analysis and Northern blot to identify RCC specifically expressed genes. SMART RACE procedure was operated to clone full length novel RCC specifically expressed genes.Results A human RCC subtractive library with high subtractive efficiency was successfully set up. The amplified library contains 350 positive clones. Random analysis of 100 clones with enzyme restriction showed that 85 plasmids in the clones contained 50-400?bp inserts. Sequence analysis was performed for 10 clones. All the 10 sequences were unknown before and derived from 6 unique, novel genes among which the cDNA insert RCC18 had five copies. Northern blot analysis showed that RCC18 cDNA was highly expressed in RCC, but no signal could be detected in normal kidney. Using SMART RACE technique, we obtained the full length of the novel gene RCC18.Conclusions The constructed cDNA subtractive library of human RCC is a highly efficient one and lays a solid foundation for large scale screening and cloning new and specific oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes of RCC. The novel specifically expressed genes provided an important clue for studying the mechanisms of occurrence and development of RCC.